Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens

Volume 1: Fundamental and Basic Virology Aspects of Human, Animal and Plant Pathogens

1st Edition - September 1, 2019
Editor: Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 4 0 0 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 4 0 1 - 0

Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Fundamental and Basic Virology Aspects of Human, Animal and Plant Pathogens, Volume One presents new research information on viruses a… Read more

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Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Fundamental and Basic Virology Aspects of Human, Animal and Plant Pathogens, Volume One presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Contributors
Editor Biography
Preface
Editorial Management Committees
Editorial Management Committee
Assistance Support Management
Editorial
Graphical Abstract
Chapter 1. General Introduction to Volume 1 Emergent and Reemergent Viruses: Modern Important Issues
Definition of Virus Comes to Ages
Bioinformatics of Virology and Viral-Genome Databases
Tumors and Viruses Renewable Relations
Waterborne and Foodborne Viruses
Dangerous Viruses in Africa
Recent Advances Discovery of Emergent and Reemergent Virus
References
Chapter 2. Human Reemerging Arboviral Diseases of the Late 21st Century: From Ecological-Epidemiology to Control Strategies
Abstract
Introduction
Ecology of Human Arboviruses
Ecologic-Epidemiology of Human Arboviruses
Prevention and Control Strategies of Reemergent Arboviruses Infections
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest
Contribution of Authors
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3. Viral Emerging Pathogen Evolution
Abstract
Introduction
Eons, Eras, and Geological Periods
Viruses and Evolution
Virus Evolution and the Immune System
Relations Between Viruses and Insects
Conclusions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 4. Human Viruses: Emergence and Evolution
Abstract
Introduction
Origin
Evolution and Adaptation to the Human Host
Evolutionary Drivers
Emergence as a Biological Process
Conclusions and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. The Arenaviridae
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Epidemiological and Ecological Features
Structural Organization and Replication
Pathobiology of Pathogenic Arenaviruses
Therapeutics and Prophylaxis
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 6. Ecoepidemiology of Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses
Abstract
Introduction
Ecopidemiology of Flavivirus
Ecoepidemiology of Alphavirus
Surveillance Mode
Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Coronaviridae: 100,000 Years of Emergence and Reemergence
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Emergent and Reemerging Viral Infections
Taxonomy
Genomic Organization and Proteomics of Coronaviridae
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Interspieces Viral Transmission
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: An Emerging Virus of Global Threat
Abstract
Abbreviations
Background and Overview
References
Chapter 9. Hepatitis C Virus and Human Herpesvirus 8: Immunological Response, Modification of Cell Metabolism, and Association With Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
Abbreviations
Latent-Persistent Viral Infections and Cell Metabolism
Virus Infections and Diabetes
Hepatitis C Virus and Diabetes Mellitus
Mechanisms of Hepatitis C Virus Interference With Insulin Signaling
Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection and Cell Metabolism
Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Immunological Response, and Diabetes
Conclusions and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
Contribution of Authors
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10. Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Brief Review
Abstract
Introduction
History
The Virus
Genetic Diversity and Classification
Molecular Epidemiology
Modes and Routes of Transmission
Immunovirological Monitoring
Immunological Aspects
Resistance to ARVs
Vaccines
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 11. Ebola and Marburg Virus: A Brief Review
Abstract
Introduction
History
Viruses
Molecular Epidemiology
Pathology
Phases of Preparation and Response to the Epidemic
Support and Security Measures
Treatment and Vaccine Developments
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 12. Undifferentiated Tropical Viral Fevers in Latin America
Abstract
Introduction
References
Further Reading
Chapter 13. Chikungunya Virus: A Brief Review of the Thematic
Abstract
Introduction
Emerging and Reemerging Factors for Viral Diseases in Africa
Chikungunya Fever: A Brief History and Geographical Distribution
Chikungunya Virus Taxonomy, Structure, and Genome Organization
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
Laboratory Diagnosis
Clinical Management and Preventive Methods
Antiviral Vaccine Approach
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Cytomegalovirus: An Oncomodulator and Therapeutic Target in Glioma Management
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Human Cytomegalovirus Classification
Human Cytomegalovirus Structure and Genome Organization
Human Cytomegalovirus Viral Cycle
Human Cytomegalovirus Epidemiology
Human Cytomegalovirus Physiopathology
Human Cytomegalovirus and Pathologies
Cytomegalovirus as a Therapeutic Target in the Management of Malignant Gliomas
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Orthobunyavirus Family of Emerging Viruses
Abstract
Abbreviation
Introduction
References
Chapter 16. Dengue Virus
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Evolution and Discovery of Dengue Virus
Evolution and Spread of Dengue Virus Vector
Economic Burden
Taxonomy and Evolutionary Relationship of Dengue With Other Flaviviruses
Genus-Level Morphological and Genomic Properties
Replication Strategy of Flavivirus
Molecular Architecture of Dengue Virus
Overview of the Viral Life Cycle
Viral Replication
References
Chapter 17. Oncoviruses: Viruses Role in Common Human Tumors
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus Role in Cervical Cancer
Human Papilloma Virus and Other Congenital Tumors
Human Papilloma Virus Oncogenesis Mechanism
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients and Cervical Cancer Risk
Viruses Interfere Lymphomas Tumors: Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1, Epstein–Barr Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus
Simian Virus Role in Bone, Brain, and Mesothelioma Tumors
Epstein–Barr Virus and Stomach Cancer
Human Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Human Hepatitis Viruses Role in Liver Tumors
Viruses’ Relations With Lung Cancer
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Oncogenic Viruses
Abstract
Introduction, Historical Aspect, and Classification
Historical Timeline of Discovery
General Principles of Viral Oncogenic Mechanisms
Mechanisms of Viral Oncogenesis
Human Oncogenic Viruses and Associated Cancers
Cytomegalovirus
Papillomaviruses
RNA Oncogenic Viruses
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus
Opportunities and Future Directions
References
Further Reading
Chapter 19. Noroviruses, Sapoviruses, and Aichi Viruses Emergence in Wastewater Associated With Viral Pandemic Gastroenteritis
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 20. Rotaviruses, Astroviruses, and Adenoviruses Emergence and Circulation in Wastewater Causing Acute Viral Gastroenteritis
Abstract
Introduction
Virological Characteristics of Rotaviruses, Human Astroviruses, and Human Adenoviruses
Emergent Rotaviruses, Astroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Waterborne Diseases
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 21. Prion Diseases: Conformational Changes of a Protein Create an Unconventional Infectious Agent
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Nature of the Unconventional Transmissible Agent
Different Types of Pathological Prion Protein Deposits
Prion Types and Prion Strains
Prion Types Determine the Clinical Phenotype
Prion Types Exist Across the Species
The Transmission Route-Dependent Susceptibility Is Influenced by Prion Types
Human Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Is Not a Primary but Secondary Transmission
References
Chapter 22. Vitamin D Immunomodulatory Role in Chronic and Acute Viral Diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Hepatitis C Virus
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Influenza Virus
Vitamin D History
References
Further Reading
Chapter 23. Viral Etiology Involved in the Emergence of the Breast Cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
History of Breast Cancer
Viral Etiology of Breast Cancer
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 24. Emergence of Oncogenic High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types and Cervical Cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
History of Human Papillomavirus Discovery
Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection
Human Papillomavirus Characteristic
Human Papillomavirus Transmission Modes
Human Papillomavirus Viral Multiplication
Natural History of Cervical Cancer
Diagnosis: Human Papillomavirus Genome Detection
Molecular Amplification Techniques
Treatment
Treatment of Invasive Cervical Cancer
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 25. Status of Helicobacter pylori Coinfection With Epstein–Barr Virus in Gastric Cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Epidemiology
The Contribution of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus to Cancer Development
Epigenetic Modification and DNA Methylation
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus Interaction in Gastric Epithelial Cells
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 26. Ninety Years of DNA Methylation
Abstract
Introduction
The Profile of DNA Methylation
Establishing and Maintaining DNA Methylation
CpG Islands and Genomic Functions: Link With Transcription and Replication
Density in CpG Islands Along the Genes
Role of DNA Methylation in Cancer
The Emergence of DNA Methylation in Cancer
Prediction of Methylated DNA in Gene Promoters by the Use of Markov
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 27. Emergence and Reemergence of Viral Zoonotic Diseases: Concepts and Factors of Emerging and Reemerging Globalization of Health Threats
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Historical Overview
Universal Concepts
Factors of Pathogens Emergence and Reemergence
Prevention Strategy and Constraints
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 28. Capripoxvirus Diseases: Current Updates and Developed Strategies for Control
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Capripoxviruses
Modes of Transmission
Dissemination Risk Factors
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Economic Impact and Losses
Temporospatial Distribution and Recent Outbreaks
Diagnosis and Differentiation of Capripoxvirus
Prophylaxis and Developed Strategies for Control and Eradication
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 29. Koi Herpesvirus Disease
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Virus Morphology and Genomic Characteristics
Host and Geographical Distribution
Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis
Signs of Disease
Transmission
Conclusion
References
Chapter 30. Viral Nervous Necrosis Disease
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Virus Morphogenesis and Genomic Characteristics
Hosts and Geographical Distribution
Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis
Clinical Signs
Anatomo-Pathological Lesions
Histopathological Lesions
Acute Infection
Subclinical Infection
Chronic Form
Viral Detection
Disease Transmission
Protective and Control Strategies
Conclusion and Suggestion for Future Research
References
Further Reading
Chapter 31. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Disease
Abstract
Introduction
Virus Morphogenesis and Genomic Characteristics
Hosts and Geographical Distribution
Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogenetic Analysis
Clinical Signs of Disease and Diagnosis
Viral Detection
Disease Transmission
Protective and Control Strategies
Conclusion
References
Chapter 32. White Spot Syndrome Virus
Abstract
Introduction
Virus Morphology and Taxonomic Association
Genome Characteristic
Geographical Distribution
Clinical Signs and General Pathology
Disease Transmission
Host Range
Techniques for White Spot Syndrome Virus Detection
Management and Control Strategy
References
Further Reading
Chapter 33. Avian Coronavirus: Case of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Approaches, and Phylogenetic Relationship Among Emerging Strains in Middle East and North Africa Regions
Abstract
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis Approaches
Phylogenetic Relationship of African Variant and the Reference Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Conclusion
References
Chapter 34. Role of Genetic and Molecular Dynamics in the Emergence, Reemergence, and Interspecies Transmission of Equine Influenza Viruses
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Influenza Virus
Emergence and Evolution of Equine Influenza Viruses
Pathophysiology
Genetic Dynamism of Influenza Viruses
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 35. Emerging and Reemerging Fowl Aviadenovirus Infections
Abstract
Introduction
Occurrence and Geographical Distribution
Transmission and Pathogenicity
Clinical Course and Pathobiology
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control
Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Further Reading
Chapter 36. Avian Reoviruses: Case of Viral Arthritis Disease Overview of Viral Arthritis in Poultry
Abstract
Introduction
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Transmission and Epidemiology
Virus Characterization
Pathology
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 37. Emergent Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses and Animal Diseases
Abstract
Flaviviridae Family—Flavivirus Genus
Physicochemical Properties
Emergent Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses and Animal Diseases
References
Further Reading
Chapter 38. Emerging and Reemerging Viral Diseases of Solanaceous Crops and Management Strategies for Detection and Eradication
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Viral Diseases of Solanaceous Crops
Diagnosis of Viral Pathogen
Eradication Strategy
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Chapter 39. Enteric Adenoviruses: Emerging of a Public Health Threat
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Adenovirus: A Brief Historical Classification Review
The Viral Etiology of Adenoviruses
Epidemiology
Pathogenicity and Mode of Transmission
Infection Process of Adenovirus
Transmission Mode
Detection of Adenoviruses: Methods Under Development and Perspectives
Prevention and Treatment
Use of Adenovirus in Gene Therapy
Emergence and Reemergence of Adenovirus
References
Further Reading
Chapter 40. Waterborne Transmission of Enteric Viruses and Their Impact on Public Health
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Part I: General Overview on Enteric Viruses
Part II: Enteric Viruses
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Chapter 41. Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas Mortality Associated With the Herpesvirus: Etiology and Environmental Emerging Factors
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Massive Mortality of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas Infected With Ostreid herpesvirus 1
Epidemiology
Considerations for Disease Management in Aquatic Environments
The Emergence and Spread of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μVar
References
Further Reading
Chapter 42. Acute Viral Hepatitis A: A Global Health Concern
Abstract
Abbreviations
Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis A Disease
Transmission
Hepatitis A as a Foodborne Disease
Geographical Distribution
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 43. Emergence of Norovirus Strains in Worldwide Distribution and Environmental Spreading
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Norovirus
Pathology of Norovirus
Transmission of Norovirus
Norovirus and Environment Interaction
Emergence of Human Norovirus Strains
Prevention and Vaccination
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 44. The Waterborne and Foodborne Viral Diseases Related to Reemerging of Poliovirus
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Current History of Poliovirus
Poliovirus Viral Taxonomy
Poliovirus Pathogenesis
Poliovirus Diagnosis Approaches
Poliovirus Medical Prophylaxis
Poliovirus Antiviral Vaccine
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 45. Worldwide Emerging and Reemerging Rotavirus Genotypes: Genetic Variability and Interspecies Transmission in Health and Environment
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Rotavirus: Structure and Genetic Arrangement
Rotavirus and Clinical Manifestations
Rotavirus Pathology
Collective Foodborne Illness and Transmission
Prevention and Transmission of Rotavirus Infection
Emergence of Rotavirus
Mechanisms of the Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus
Risk of the Emergence of New Strains of Rotavirus
The Prevention by Vaccination Against Infection to Rotavirus
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 46. Emerging Plant Viruses
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 47. Gynecomammary and Prostate Tumors: Epidemiology and Viral Etiology
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer
Epidemiology of Gynecological and Mammary Cancers
Conclusion
References
Further Reading
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens

Volume 1: Fundamental and Basic Virology Aspects of Human, Animal and Plant Pathogens

Purchase options

Save 50% on book bundles

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Moulay Mustapha Ennaji