Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Editor's PrefacePrefaceBasic NotationChapter I. Introduction 1.1. Elementary Magnetic Resonance 1.2. Paramagnetic Resonance 1.3. Magnitude of the Effect 1.4. Paramagnetic Resonance as a Part of the General Study of Magnetism 1.5. Paramagnetic Resonance and Spectroscopy 1.6. History of the Discovery of Paramagnetic Resonance Literature for Chapter IChapter II. Methods of Measurement 2.1. Microwave Spectroscopy 2.2. Methods of Measurement in the Radio-Frequency Region Literature for Chapter IIChapter III. Theory of Spectra of Ionic Crystals 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Matrix Elements of a Crystalline Field 3.3. Compounds of the Iron-Group Elements 3.4. Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of an Ion of Nickel in an Axial Crystalline Field 3.5. Hyperfine Structure of Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra 3.6. Crystalline Field Parameters. Jahn-Teller Effect 3.7. Salts of Rare Earth Elements 3.8. S-State Ions 3.9. Covalent Bonding and the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Transition Groups 3.10. Actinides 3.11. Effect of Exchange and Dipolar Interactions on the Appearance of the Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum 3.12. Forbidden Spectral Lines. Multiple Quantum Transitions Literature for Chapter IIIChapter IV. Spectra of Ionic Crystals. Experimental Data 4.1. Introduction. Crystallographic Data Literature for Section 4.1 4.2. Constants of the Spin Hamiltonian for Solid Paramagnetic Substances 1. Iron-Group Ions (L /= 0) with a Lower Orbital Singlet 2. Iron-Group Ions (L /= 0) with a Lower Orbital Triplet 3. Rare Earth Ions (L /= 0) with an Odd Number of Electrons 4. Rare Earth Ions with an Even Number of Electrons 5. Ions in S States 6. Compounds with Strong Covalent Bonding 7. Compounds with Anomalous Valence Literature for Section 4.2 4.3. Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra in Electrolyte Solutions Literature for Section 4.3 4.4. Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in the Determination of Spins of Atomic Nuclei Literature for Section 4.4 Literature on CrystallographyChapter V. Shape of a Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption Line in Ionic Crystals and Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Spin-Spin Interactions 5.3. Spin-Lattice Interactions 5.4. Longitudinal Relaxation at Low Temperatures 5.5. Experimental Data on Ionic Crystals 1. Line Width in Solid Paramagnetic Substances 2. Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Solid Paramagnetic Substances 5.6. Solutions of Paramagnetic Salts. Theory 5.7. Solutions of Paramagnetic Salts. Experimental Results 5.8. Line Shape under Saturation Conditions 5.9. Cross Relaxation 5.10. Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance Literature for Chapter VChapter VI. Metals and Semiconductors. Defects in Crystals 6.1. Effect on Conduction Electrons 6.2. Influence of the Skin Effect and Diffusion of Electrons on the Shape of the Resonance Line 6.3. Transition Metals 6.4. Impurity Semiconductors 6.5. Color Centers in Ionic Crystals 6.6. Irradiated Crystals with Covalent Bonding 6.7. Metal-Ammonia Solutions. Paramagnetic Resonance from Polarons and Excitons Literature for Chapter VIChapter VII. Free Radicals 7.1. Introduction. Hyperfine Structure of a Paramagnetic Resonance Line in Solutions of Free Radicals 7.2. Free Radicals in Pure Form 7.3. Free Radicals in Solutions 7.4. Irradiated Organic Substances. Radicals in Polymers and Carbons. Biradicals and Triplet States. Biological Materials 7.5. Inorganic Free Radicals. Paramagnetic Gases Literature for Chapter VIIChapter VIII. Double Resonance. Some Applications of Paramagnetic Resonance 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Dynamic Methods of Polarization of Nuclei 1. Overhauser Effect in Metals and Semiconductors 2. Overhauser Effect in Nonmetals 3. Method of Adiabatic (Fast) Passage (Endor) 4. Method of Parallel Fields (Dynamic Polarization Of Forbidden Transitions) 5. Abragam and Proctor Method 8.3. Maser Amplifiers and Oscillators 8.4. Two-Level Maser Amplifiers 8.5. Three-Level Maser Amplifiers 1. Principle of Operation 2. Choice of Substances 3. Selection of the Steady Magnetic Field Orientation 4. Gadolinium Ethylsulfate Maser 5. Chromium Hexacyanide Maser 6. Ruby Maser 7. Maser Using Corundum Doped with Fe3+ 8.6. Optical Methods of Studying Paramagnetic Resonance 1. Resonance in Optically Excited Atoms 2. Shape of the Magnetic Resonance Line 3. Multiple Coherent Photon Scattering 4. Study Of Hyperfine Splittings 5. Orientation of Atoms in the Ground State 6. Orientation of Nuclei 7. Magnetic Resonance in Atomic Ground States 8. Influence of Foreign Gases Literature for Chapter VIIIBooks and Review Articles on Paramagnetic ResonanceSubject Index