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Electrochemical Energy Storage for Renewable Sources and Grid Balancing
1st Edition - October 23, 2014
Editors: Patrick T. Moseley, Jürgen Garche
Hardback ISBN:9780444626165
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 2 6 1 6 - 5
eBook ISBN:9780444626103
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 2 6 1 0 - 3
Electricity from renewable sources of energy is plagued by fluctuations (due to variations in wind strength or the intensity of insolation) resulting in a lack of stability if the… Read more
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Electricity from renewable sources of energy is plagued by fluctuations (due to variations in wind strength or the intensity of insolation) resulting in a lack of stability if the energy supplied from such sources is used in ‘real time’. An important solution to this problem is to store the energy electrochemically (in a secondary battery or in hydrogen and its derivatives) and to make use of it in a controlled fashion at some time after it has been initially gathered and stored. Electrochemical battery storage systems are the major technologies for decentralized storage systems and hydrogen is the only solution for long-term storage systems to provide energy during extended periods of low wind speeds or solar insolation. Future electricity grid design has to include storage systems as a major component for grid stability and for security of supply. The technology of systems designed to achieve this regulation of the supply of renewable energy, and a survey of the markets that they will serve, is the subject of this book. It includes economic aspects to guide the development of technology in the right direction.
Provides state-of-the-art information on all of the storage systems together with an assessment of competing technologies
Features detailed technical, economic and environmental impact information of different storage systems
Contains information about the challenges that must be faced for batteries and hydrogen-storage to be used in conjunction with a fluctuating (renewable energy) power supply
An invaluable resource for electrochemical engineers and battery and fuel cell experts and a much-needed text for the increasing number of students in this field world-wide. The general standard of knowledge in this area currently is low, and this book fills that need with rich content and strategies
Foreword by Dr. Derek Pooley
Preface
Part I. Introduction - Renewable Energies, Markets and Storage Technology Classification
Chapter 1. The Exploitation of Renewable Sources of Energy for Power Generation
1.1. Energy and Society
1.2. Energy and Electricity
1.3. The Role of Energy Storage
1.4. International Comparisons
1.5. Types and Applications of Energy Storage
1.6. Commercialization of Energy Storage
Chapter 2. Classification of Storage Systems
2.1. Introduction and Motivation
2.2. Flexibility Options
2.3. Different Types of Classifications
2.4. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Challenges of Power Systems
3.1. Power System Requirements
3.2. The Role of Storage Systems for Future Challenges in the Electrical Network
3.3. Demand-Side Management and Other Alternatives to Storage Systems
3.4. Supply of Reserve Power
Chapter 4. Applications and Markets for Grid-Connected Storage Systems
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Frequency Control
4.3. Self-supply
4.4. Uninterruptible Power Supply
4.5. Arbitrage/Energy Trading
4.6. Load Leveling/Peak Shaving
4.7. Other Markets and Applications
Chapter 5. Existing Markets for Storage Systems in Off-Grid Applications
5.1. Different Sources of Renewable Energy
5.2. Impact of the User
Chapter 6. Review of the Need for Storage Capacity Depending on the Share of Renewable Energies
6.1. Introductory Remarks
6.2. Selected Studies with German Focus
6.3. Selected Studies with European Focus
6.4. Discussion of Study Results
6.5. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Part II. Storage Technologies
Chapter 7. Overview of Nonelectrochemical Storage Technologies
7.1. Introduction
7.2. ‘Electrical’ Storage Systems
7.3. ‘Mechanical’ Storage Systems
7.4. ‘Thermoelectric’ Energy Storage
7.5. Storage Technologies at the Concept Stage
7.6. Summary
Chapter 8. Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energies—Electrolyzer Technologies
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Fundamentals of Water Electrolysis
8.3. Alkaline Water Electrolysis
8.4. PEM Water Electrolysis
8.5. High-Temperature Water Electrolysis
8.6. Manufacturers and Developers of Electrolyzers
8.7. Cost Issues
8.8. Summary
Acronyms/Abbreviations
Chapter 9. Large-Scale Hydrogen Energy Storage
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Electrolyzer
9.3. Hydrogen Gas Storage
9.4. Reconversion of the Hydrogen into Electricity
9.5. Cost Issues: Levelized Cost of Energy
9.6. Actual Status and Outlook
Chapter 10. Hydrogen Conversion into Electricity and Thermal Energy by Fuel Cells: Use of H2-Systems and Batteries
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Electrochemical Power Sources
10.3. Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Systems
10.4. Energy Flow in the Hydrogen Energy Storage System
10.5. Demonstration Projects
10.6. Case Study: A General Energy Storage System Layout for Maximized Use of Renewable Energies
10.7. Case Study of a PV-Based System Minimizing Grid Interaction
19.2. Electrical Performance, Lifetime, and Aging Aspects
19.3. Accessories
19.4. Environmental Issues
19.5. Cost Issues
19.6. Actual Status
Symbols and Units
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Part III. System Aspects
Chapter 20. Battery Management and Battery Diagnostics
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Battery Parameters—Monitoring and Control
20.3. Battery Management of Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems
20.4. Battery Diagnostics
20.5. Implementation of Battery Management and Battery Diagnostics
20.6. Conclusions
Chapter 21. Life Cycle Cost Calculation and Comparison for Different Reference Cases and Market Segments
21.1. Motivation
21.2. Methodology
21.3. Reference Cases
21.4. Example Results
21.5. Sensitivity Analysis
Chapter 22. ‘Double Use’ of Storage Systems
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems
22.3. Electric Vehicle Batteries—Vehicle to Grid
22.4. Photovoltaic Home Storage
22.5. Second Life of Vehicle Batteries
Index
No. of pages: 492
Language: English
Published: October 23, 2014
Imprint: Elsevier
Hardback ISBN: 9780444626165
eBook ISBN: 9780444626103
PM
Patrick T. Moseley
Pat was awarded a Ph. D. for crystal structure analysis in 1968 by the University of Durham, U.K., and a D. Sc. for research publications in materials science, by the same university, in 1994. He worked for 23 years at the Harwell Laboratory of the U.K. Atomic Energy Authority where he brought a background of crystal structure and materials chemistry to the study of lead-acid and other varieties of battery, thus supplementing the traditional electrochemical emphasis of the subject.
From1995 he was Manager of Electrochemistry at the International Lead Zinc Research Organization in North Carolina and Program Manager of the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium. In 2005 he also became President of the Consortium.
Dr. Moseley was one of the editors of the Journal of Power Sources for 25 years from 1989 to 2014. In 2008 he was awarded the Gaston Planté medal by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Affiliations and expertise
International Lead Zinc Research Organization Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
JG
Jürgen Garche
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Garche has more than 40 years of experience in battery and fuel cell research & development. In his academic career the focus was on material research. Thereafter, he worked on and directed cell and system development of conventional (LAB, NiCd, NiMH) and advanced (Li-Ion, NaNiCl2, Redox-Flow) batteries. His experience includes also fuel cells (mainly low temperature FCs) and supercaps. He established the battery & FC division of the ZSW in Ulm (Germany), an industry related R&D institute with about 100 scientists and technicians. His interest in battery safety goes back to the work with the very large battery safety testing center of the ZSW. In 2004 he founded the FC&Battery consulting office FCBAT; furthermore he is a senior professor at Ulm University.