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Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span
- 2nd Edition - February 27, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editors: Marian Luctkar-Flude, Jane Tyerman, Shannon Dames
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 5 2 1 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 2 7 6 5 - 6
Gain the knowledge and skills you need to promote health and prevent disease in Canada! Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, Second Edition de… Read more
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Gain the knowledge and skills you need to promote health and prevent disease in Canada! Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, Second Edition describes public health concepts from a Canadian perspective, helping you to improve community health and reduce health inequities within a diverse population. Covering the needs of each age and stage of life, this book discusses care of the individual, family, and community — all based on the latest research and trends in Canadian health promotion. New chapters address the timely topics of Indigenous health and 2SLGTBQI+ health. Written by respected Canadian educators Marian Luctkar-Flude, Shannon Dames, and Jane Tyerman, this book is the only Canadian nursing health promotion text on the market.
- NEW Indigenous Health and 2SLGTBQI+ Health chapters provide coverage of the health challenges and health promotion initiatives relating to these populations
- NEW! Coverage of global and environmental health includes global trends in health promotion, the rise of communicable diseases such as cholera and COVID-19, climate disasters, malnutrition, violence and crime, cultural competency, future health outcomes, and more
- NEW! Additional case studies highlight realistic clinical situations, with questions to encourage critical thinking
- NEW! Examination review questions in multiple-choice format strengthen your clinical judgement and help you prepare for licensure exams
- NEW! Canadian statistics, research, references, resources, and more are updated for this edition
- NEW! Case studies for the Next Generation NCLEX® Exam are included on the Evolve website
- Comprehensive, easy-to-read Canadian coverage incorporates Canadian statistics, research, guidelines, assessment and screening tools, references and resources, and more
- Canadian author team provides a Canadian lens on all topics spanning health promotion and disease prevention
- Emphasis on health promotion and social justice weaves in the social determinants of health including the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Population Health Approach model, the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, the WHO’s Alma-Ata Declaration, human rights, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action
- Canadian cultural considerations throughout the text relate to race/ethnicity, Indigenous peoples, identity, 2SLGBTQI+ community, family composition, and other areas
- Innovative Practice boxes highlight projects, programs, and research studies that show new ways to implement health promotion
- Diversity Awareness boxes offer cultural perspectives on health promotion, and include reflection questions asking you to think about your own personal cultural values
- Quality and Safety Scenario boxes reflect Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI) standards and present situations pertinent to health promotion
- Care plans accompany the case studies, providing nursing diagnoses, defining characteristics, related factors, expected outcomes, and interventions
- Research for Evidence-Informed Practice boxes provide brief synopses of health-promotion research studies that demonstrate the links between research, theory, and practice
Students in all health care courses teaching health promotion and wellness. Nurses practising health promotion in the community, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse practitioners
UNIT 1 Foundations for Health Promotion
1 Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
Disease, Illness, and Health
Health and Wellness
Health Promotion
The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada
Current Approach in Canada to Health Promotion:
Socioenvironmental
Prevention
Natural History of Disease
Levels of Prevention
Health Protection
Specific Protection
The Active and Passive Nature of Health
Promotion
The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in
Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
Legislative Changes Affecting Health
The Nurse’s Role
Nursing Roles in Health Promotion, Prevention,
and Protection
Improving Prospects for Health
Population Effects
Shifting Problems
Moving Toward Solutions
Tying It All Together Using the Nursing Process
Problem Identification
Planning Interventions
What Was the Actual Cause of Pat’s Health
Problem?
Evaluation of the Situation
2 Diverse Populations and Health
Health Inequalities and Health Equity
Population Mosaic of Canada
Population Statistics and Demographic Trends
Immigration in Canada
Ethnicity, Ethnic Groups, and Minority Groups, 24
Culture, Values, and Value Orientation
Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility
Traditional and Complementary and Alternative
Medicines
Indigenous Peoples
First Nations
Métis
Inuit
Health Issues of Indigenous Populations
Immigrants and Refugees
Health Issues of Immigrants and Refugees
Homeless Populations
Health Issues of Homeless Populations
Strategies to Address Homelessness
Gender- and Sexually Diverse Populations
Health Issues of Gender-Diverse Populations
Diverse Abilities Population
Health Issues of Diverse Abilities Populations
Nursing Response to Diverse Populations and
Health
3 2SLGBTQI1 Health
Gender
Sexuality
Cultural Humility
Trauma-Informed Nursing Care
Health Disparities Within the 2SLGBTQI1
Population
Mental Health Concerns
Nursing Interventions
Specific Health Care Needs of
2SLGBTQI1 People
Sexual Health
HIV Considerations
Reproductive Health
Gender-Affirming Primary Care
Inclusive Health Care
Community Resources
4 Indigenous Health Sovereignty and First
Nations, Inuit, and Métis Health Promotion
Indigenous Peoples in Canada: Definitions
Population Snapshot of Indigenous Peoples
A View Toward Self-Determination and Indigenous
Health Sovereignty
Indigenous Knowledges
The Health Status of Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous Determinants of Health
Root Determinants of Health
Colonialism
Racism and Social Exclusion
Residential School Legacy
The Sixties Scoop
Key Events and Legislation
First Nations Peoples Treaties
The Indian Act
Indigenous Health Advocacy Actions
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of
Canada
Decolonization
Core Determinants of Health
Health Care Systems
Educational Systems
Community Infrastructure, Resources, and
Capacities
Environmental Stewardship
Cultural Continuity
Stem Determinants of Health
Health Behaviours
Physical Environments
Employment, Income, and Social Status
Education
Access to Adequate Food
Developing an Exercise and Wellness Program for
Indigenous Women in Northern Creek
A Comprehensive Case Study and Care Plan
Care Plan
Women’s Exercise and Wellness in Northern Creek
Nursing Issues
Defining Characteristics: Population and Priorities
Related Factors: Building Capacity and Sustainable
Program Development in Rural, Remote, Small
Communities
Expected Outcomes
Interventions
Implementation and Evaluation
Resources
5 Health Policy and the Delivery System
The Health of the Nation
Efforts to Improve the Health of Canadians
Health Indicators of a Nation
Historical Role of Women in Health Promotion
A Safer System
Global Health
Historical Perspectives
History of Health Care
Early Influences
Industrial Influences
Socioeconomic Influences
Public Health Influences
Scientific Influences
Special Population Influences
Political and Economic Influences
Split Between Preventive and Curative Measures
Organization of the Delivery System
Private Sector
Public Sector
Financing Health Care
Costs
Funding Sources
Third-Party Payor Health Benefits
Mechanisms
Pharmaceutical Costs
The Uninsured: Who Are They?
6 The Therapeutic Relationship
Values Clarification
Definition
Relational Practice
Values and Therapeutic Use of Self
The Communication Process
Function and Process
Types of Communication
Effectiveness of Communication
Interprofessional Communication and
Teamwork
Factors in Effective Communication
The Helping or Therapeutic Relationship
Characteristics of the Therapeutic Relationship
Ethics in Communicating and Relating
Therapeutic Techniques
Barriers to Effective Communication
Setting
Stages
7 Ethical Issues Related to Health Promotion
Health Promotion as a Moral Endeavour
Public Health Ethics
Origins of Applied Ethics in Moral Philosophy
Limitations of Moral Theory
Feminist Ethics and Caring
Professional Responsibility
Accountability to Individuals and Society
Codes of Ethics
Advocacy
Problem Solving: Issues, Dilemmas, Risks,
and Moral Distress
Preventive Ethics
Ethical Principles in Health Promotion
Autonomy as Civil Liberty
Autonomy as Self-Determination
Exceptions to Autonomous Decision Making
Confidentiality
Veracity
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Strategies for Ethical Decision Making
Locating the Source and Levels of Ethical
Problems
Values Clarification and Reflection
Decision-Making Considerations
Ethics of Health Promotion: Cases
Case 1: Addressing Health Care System Problems—
Elissa Needs Help
Case 2: She’s My Client!—Lilly and “Jake”
(a.k.a. Paul)
Case 3: Don’t Touch My Things! Ms. Smyth and
Autonomy
UNIT 2 Assessment for Health Promotion
8 Health Promotion and the Individual
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Individual
Functional Health Pattern Framework
The Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Individual Health Promotion Through the Nursing
Process
Collection and Analysis of Data
Planning the Care
Implementing the Plan
Evaluating the Plan
9 Health Promotion and the Family
The Nursing Process and the Family
The Nurse’s Role
Family Theories and Frameworks
The Family from a Developmental Perspective
The Family from a Structural–Functional
Perspective
The Family from a Risk-Factor Perspective
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Family
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Factors
Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis
Analyzing Data
Planning With the Family
Goals
Implementation With the Family
Evaluation With the Family
10 Health Promotion and the Community
Community Health Nursing Practice
The Community Health Nurse’s Role
Influencing Health Policy
Methods of Data Collection
Sources of Community Information
Community from a Systems Perspective
Structure
Function
Interaction
Community from a Developmental Perspective
Community from a Risk-Factor Perspective
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Community
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Analysis and Diagnosis With the Community
Organization of Data
Guidelines for Data Analysis
Community Diagnosis
Planning With the Community
Purposes
Planned Change
Implementation With the Community
Evaluation With the Community
UNIT 3 Application of Health Promotion
11 Overview of Growth and Development Framework
Overview of Growth and Development
Growth
Concept of Development
Theories of Life Span Development
Psychosocial Development: Erikson’s Theory
Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Cognitive Development: Vygotsky’s Theory
Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Theory
Moral Development: Gilligan’s Theory
Behavioural Biological Development
12 The Prenatal Period
Biology and Genetics
Duration of Pregnancy
Fertilization
Implantation
Fetal Growth and Development
Placental Development and Function
Maternal Changes
Changes During Transition From Fetus
to Newborn
Nursing Interventions
Apgar Score
Sex
Race and Culture
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Radiation
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
13 Infant
Biology and Genetics
Developmental Tasks
Concepts of Infant Development
Sex
Race and Ethnicity
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Motor Vehicles
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
14 Toddler
General Appearance and Growth Expectations
General Appearance and Growth Expectations
Nutrition, Gastrointestinal, and Genitourinary
System
Respiratory System
Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT)
Endocrine System
Circulatory System
Immune System
Dental Health
Musculoskeletal System
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
15 Preschool Child
Biology and Genetics
Biological Sex and Gender
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Gender and Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Cancer
Asthma
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Nursing Application
16 School-Age Child
Biology and Genetics
Elevated Blood Pressure
Physical Growth
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Cancer
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Children With Disabilities
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
17 Adolescent
Biology and Genetics
Sex and Puberty
Other Physical Changes
Scoliosis
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
18 Young Adult
Biology
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
19 Middle-Aged Adult
Biology and Genetics
Biology
Genetics
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates
Family and Relationship Status
Indigenous Peoples
New Immigrants and Refugees
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Determinants of Health
Social Determinants
Environmental Determinants of Health
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
Nursing Application for Occupational Health and
Safety
20 Older Adults
Biology and Genetics
Theories of Aging
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery Systems
Nursing Application
UNIT 4 Interventions for Health Promotion
21 Screening
Advantages and Disadvantages of Screening
Advantages
Disadvantages
Selection of a Screened Disease
Significance of the Disease for Screening
Detection
Should Screening for the Disease Be Done?
Ethical Considerations
Borderline Cases and Cut-off Points
Economic Costs and Ethics
Selection of Screenable Populations
Person-Dependent Factors
Environment-Dependent Factors
National Guidance and Health Care Reform
The Nurse’s Role
Equitable Approaches to Community Health
22 Health Education
Nursing and Health Education
Definition of Health Education
Goals of Health Education
Learning Assumptions
Family and Caregiver Health Teaching
Health Behaviour Change
Ethics
Genomics and Health Education
Diversity and Health Teaching
Community and Group Health Education
Teaching Plan
Assessment
Determining Intended Learning Outcomes
Designing Learning Strategies
Evaluating the Teaching–Learning Process
Evaluating Resources
Teaching and Organizing Skills
23 Nutrition and Health Promotion
Nutrition in Canada: Looking Forward From the
Past
Classic Vitamin-Deficiency Diseases
Dietary Inadequacy
Dietary Excesses
Nutrition-Related Health Status
Nutrition Objectives for Canada
Food and Nutrition Recommendations
Dietary Reference Intakes
Canada’s Dietary Guidelines: Healthy Eating
Recommendations 2019
Nutritional Supplements and Natural and
Nonprescription Health Products
Vitamin and Mineral Toxicity
Circumstances When Nutrient Supplementation Is
Indicated
Food Safety
Causes of Foodborne Illness
Examples of Common Foodborne Pathogens
Food Safety Practices
Health, Nutrition, and Food Insecurity
in Canada
Monitoring Food Insecurity in Canada
Children in Food-Insecure Households
Indigenous Peoples and Food Insecurity
Community Nutrition Programs
Nutrition Screening
Nutrition Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Disease
Hypertension
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Obesity
Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes in Children
24 Exercise
Defining Physical Activity in Health
Physical Activity Participation—Current Guidelines
and Recommendations
The Current State of Meeting Physical Activity
Objectives: Making Progress?
Aging
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health
Cardiac Risk Factors
High-Density Lipoprotein and Serum
Triglyceride Levels
Hypertension
Hyperinsulinemia and Glucose Intolerance
Obesity
Musculoskeletal and Bone Health
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Exercise and Pain
Immune Function
Mental Health
Cognition and Memory
Neurological Health
Exercise Prescription
Warm-Up and Cool-Down Periods
Aerobic Exercise
Flexibility
Resistance Training
Exercise and Relaxation Response
Special Considerations
Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Building a Rhythm of Physical Activity
Adherence and Access
Creating a Climate That Supports Exercise
25 Stress Management
Sources of Stress
Physical, Psychological, Sociobehavioural, and
Spiritual/Homeodynamic Consequences
of Stress
Physiological Effects of Stress
Psychological Effects of Stress
Sociobehavioural Effects of Stress
Spiritual Effects of Stress
Health Benefits of Managing Stress
Assessment of Stress
Stress Management Strategies
Developing Self-Awareness
Nutrition: Healthy Diet
Physical Activity
Sleep Hygiene
Cognitive–Behavioural Restructuring
Affirmations
Social Support
Assertive Communication
Empathy
Healthy Pleasures
Spiritual Practice
Clarifying Values and Beliefs
Setting Realistic Goals
Humour
Engaging in Pleasurable Activities
Effective Coping
26 Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Health
Modalities
Background
Allopathic and Whole-Person Health
Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Health
Users in Canada
Regulation in Canada
Interventions
Nutritional Approaches
Psychological and/or Physical Approaches
Energy Healing Therapies
Other Complementary Health Approaches
Nursing Practice
Canadian Holistic Nurses Association
Safety and Effectiveness
27 Health Promotion for the Twenty-First Century Throughout
the Life Span and Throughout the World
Global Trends in Health Promotion
Life Expectancy
The Social Determinants of Health
Malnutrition
Undernutrition
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Addressing Malnutrition at the Global Level
Emerging and Re-emerging Global Health
Concerns
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
COVID-19
Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Other Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases
Violence
Violence in Canada
Typology and Contexts of Violence
Addressing Violence
Global Response to Violence
Why We Need Trauma- and Violence-Informed
Approaches
Collective Violence
Natural Disasters
Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Well-Being
Disaster—Effects, Planning, and Restoration
Impact of Disasters on Older Adults
Example of Response and Preparedness for Mental
Health and Psychosocial Needs—The Ukraine
Experience
Postdisaster Adaptation: Psychological
Resilience
Implications
Index
1 Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
Disease, Illness, and Health
Health and Wellness
Health Promotion
The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada
Current Approach in Canada to Health Promotion:
Socioenvironmental
Prevention
Natural History of Disease
Levels of Prevention
Health Protection
Specific Protection
The Active and Passive Nature of Health
Promotion
The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in
Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
Legislative Changes Affecting Health
The Nurse’s Role
Nursing Roles in Health Promotion, Prevention,
and Protection
Improving Prospects for Health
Population Effects
Shifting Problems
Moving Toward Solutions
Tying It All Together Using the Nursing Process
Problem Identification
Planning Interventions
What Was the Actual Cause of Pat’s Health
Problem?
Evaluation of the Situation
2 Diverse Populations and Health
Health Inequalities and Health Equity
Population Mosaic of Canada
Population Statistics and Demographic Trends
Immigration in Canada
Ethnicity, Ethnic Groups, and Minority Groups, 24
Culture, Values, and Value Orientation
Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility
Traditional and Complementary and Alternative
Medicines
Indigenous Peoples
First Nations
Métis
Inuit
Health Issues of Indigenous Populations
Immigrants and Refugees
Health Issues of Immigrants and Refugees
Homeless Populations
Health Issues of Homeless Populations
Strategies to Address Homelessness
Gender- and Sexually Diverse Populations
Health Issues of Gender-Diverse Populations
Diverse Abilities Population
Health Issues of Diverse Abilities Populations
Nursing Response to Diverse Populations and
Health
3 2SLGBTQI1 Health
Gender
Sexuality
Cultural Humility
Trauma-Informed Nursing Care
Health Disparities Within the 2SLGBTQI1
Population
Mental Health Concerns
Nursing Interventions
Specific Health Care Needs of
2SLGBTQI1 People
Sexual Health
HIV Considerations
Reproductive Health
Gender-Affirming Primary Care
Inclusive Health Care
Community Resources
4 Indigenous Health Sovereignty and First
Nations, Inuit, and Métis Health Promotion
Indigenous Peoples in Canada: Definitions
Population Snapshot of Indigenous Peoples
A View Toward Self-Determination and Indigenous
Health Sovereignty
Indigenous Knowledges
The Health Status of Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous Determinants of Health
Root Determinants of Health
Colonialism
Racism and Social Exclusion
Residential School Legacy
The Sixties Scoop
Key Events and Legislation
First Nations Peoples Treaties
The Indian Act
Indigenous Health Advocacy Actions
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of
Canada
Decolonization
Core Determinants of Health
Health Care Systems
Educational Systems
Community Infrastructure, Resources, and
Capacities
Environmental Stewardship
Cultural Continuity
Stem Determinants of Health
Health Behaviours
Physical Environments
Employment, Income, and Social Status
Education
Access to Adequate Food
Developing an Exercise and Wellness Program for
Indigenous Women in Northern Creek
A Comprehensive Case Study and Care Plan
Care Plan
Women’s Exercise and Wellness in Northern Creek
Nursing Issues
Defining Characteristics: Population and Priorities
Related Factors: Building Capacity and Sustainable
Program Development in Rural, Remote, Small
Communities
Expected Outcomes
Interventions
Implementation and Evaluation
Resources
5 Health Policy and the Delivery System
The Health of the Nation
Efforts to Improve the Health of Canadians
Health Indicators of a Nation
Historical Role of Women in Health Promotion
A Safer System
Global Health
Historical Perspectives
History of Health Care
Early Influences
Industrial Influences
Socioeconomic Influences
Public Health Influences
Scientific Influences
Special Population Influences
Political and Economic Influences
Split Between Preventive and Curative Measures
Organization of the Delivery System
Private Sector
Public Sector
Financing Health Care
Costs
Funding Sources
Third-Party Payor Health Benefits
Mechanisms
Pharmaceutical Costs
The Uninsured: Who Are They?
6 The Therapeutic Relationship
Values Clarification
Definition
Relational Practice
Values and Therapeutic Use of Self
The Communication Process
Function and Process
Types of Communication
Effectiveness of Communication
Interprofessional Communication and
Teamwork
Factors in Effective Communication
The Helping or Therapeutic Relationship
Characteristics of the Therapeutic Relationship
Ethics in Communicating and Relating
Therapeutic Techniques
Barriers to Effective Communication
Setting
Stages
7 Ethical Issues Related to Health Promotion
Health Promotion as a Moral Endeavour
Public Health Ethics
Origins of Applied Ethics in Moral Philosophy
Limitations of Moral Theory
Feminist Ethics and Caring
Professional Responsibility
Accountability to Individuals and Society
Codes of Ethics
Advocacy
Problem Solving: Issues, Dilemmas, Risks,
and Moral Distress
Preventive Ethics
Ethical Principles in Health Promotion
Autonomy as Civil Liberty
Autonomy as Self-Determination
Exceptions to Autonomous Decision Making
Confidentiality
Veracity
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Strategies for Ethical Decision Making
Locating the Source and Levels of Ethical
Problems
Values Clarification and Reflection
Decision-Making Considerations
Ethics of Health Promotion: Cases
Case 1: Addressing Health Care System Problems—
Elissa Needs Help
Case 2: She’s My Client!—Lilly and “Jake”
(a.k.a. Paul)
Case 3: Don’t Touch My Things! Ms. Smyth and
Autonomy
UNIT 2 Assessment for Health Promotion
8 Health Promotion and the Individual
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Individual
Functional Health Pattern Framework
The Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Individual Health Promotion Through the Nursing
Process
Collection and Analysis of Data
Planning the Care
Implementing the Plan
Evaluating the Plan
9 Health Promotion and the Family
The Nursing Process and the Family
The Nurse’s Role
Family Theories and Frameworks
The Family from a Developmental Perspective
The Family from a Structural–Functional
Perspective
The Family from a Risk-Factor Perspective
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Family
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Factors
Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis
Analyzing Data
Planning With the Family
Goals
Implementation With the Family
Evaluation With the Family
10 Health Promotion and the Community
Community Health Nursing Practice
The Community Health Nurse’s Role
Influencing Health Policy
Methods of Data Collection
Sources of Community Information
Community from a Systems Perspective
Structure
Function
Interaction
Community from a Developmental Perspective
Community from a Risk-Factor Perspective
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns: Assessment of
the Community
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Analysis and Diagnosis With the Community
Organization of Data
Guidelines for Data Analysis
Community Diagnosis
Planning With the Community
Purposes
Planned Change
Implementation With the Community
Evaluation With the Community
UNIT 3 Application of Health Promotion
11 Overview of Growth and Development Framework
Overview of Growth and Development
Growth
Concept of Development
Theories of Life Span Development
Psychosocial Development: Erikson’s Theory
Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Cognitive Development: Vygotsky’s Theory
Moral Development: Kohlberg’s Theory
Moral Development: Gilligan’s Theory
Behavioural Biological Development
12 The Prenatal Period
Biology and Genetics
Duration of Pregnancy
Fertilization
Implantation
Fetal Growth and Development
Placental Development and Function
Maternal Changes
Changes During Transition From Fetus
to Newborn
Nursing Interventions
Apgar Score
Sex
Race and Culture
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Radiation
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
13 Infant
Biology and Genetics
Developmental Tasks
Concepts of Infant Development
Sex
Race and Ethnicity
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Motor Vehicles
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
14 Toddler
General Appearance and Growth Expectations
General Appearance and Growth Expectations
Nutrition, Gastrointestinal, and Genitourinary
System
Respiratory System
Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT)
Endocrine System
Circulatory System
Immune System
Dental Health
Musculoskeletal System
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
15 Preschool Child
Biology and Genetics
Biological Sex and Gender
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Gender and Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Cancer
Asthma
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Nursing Application
16 School-Age Child
Biology and Genetics
Elevated Blood Pressure
Physical Growth
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Cancer
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Children With Disabilities
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
17 Adolescent
Biology and Genetics
Sex and Puberty
Other Physical Changes
Scoliosis
Genetics
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
18 Young Adult
Biology
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
19 Middle-Aged Adult
Biology and Genetics
Biology
Genetics
Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates
Family and Relationship Status
Indigenous Peoples
New Immigrants and Refugees
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Determinants of Health
Social Determinants
Environmental Determinants of Health
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery System
Nursing Application
Nursing Application for Occupational Health and
Safety
20 Older Adults
Biology and Genetics
Theories of Aging
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns
Health Perception–Health Management
Pattern
Nutritional–Metabolic Pattern
Elimination Pattern
Activity–Exercise Pattern
Sleep–Rest Pattern
Cognitive–Perceptual Pattern
Self-Perception–Self-Concept Pattern
Roles–Relationships Pattern
Sexuality–Reproductive Pattern
Coping–Stress Tolerance Pattern
Values–Beliefs Pattern
Environmental Processes
Physical Agents
Biological Agents
Chemical Agents
Determinants of Health
Social Factors and Environment
Levels of Policymaking and Health
Health Services/Delivery Systems
Nursing Application
UNIT 4 Interventions for Health Promotion
21 Screening
Advantages and Disadvantages of Screening
Advantages
Disadvantages
Selection of a Screened Disease
Significance of the Disease for Screening
Detection
Should Screening for the Disease Be Done?
Ethical Considerations
Borderline Cases and Cut-off Points
Economic Costs and Ethics
Selection of Screenable Populations
Person-Dependent Factors
Environment-Dependent Factors
National Guidance and Health Care Reform
The Nurse’s Role
Equitable Approaches to Community Health
22 Health Education
Nursing and Health Education
Definition of Health Education
Goals of Health Education
Learning Assumptions
Family and Caregiver Health Teaching
Health Behaviour Change
Ethics
Genomics and Health Education
Diversity and Health Teaching
Community and Group Health Education
Teaching Plan
Assessment
Determining Intended Learning Outcomes
Designing Learning Strategies
Evaluating the Teaching–Learning Process
Evaluating Resources
Teaching and Organizing Skills
23 Nutrition and Health Promotion
Nutrition in Canada: Looking Forward From the
Past
Classic Vitamin-Deficiency Diseases
Dietary Inadequacy
Dietary Excesses
Nutrition-Related Health Status
Nutrition Objectives for Canada
Food and Nutrition Recommendations
Dietary Reference Intakes
Canada’s Dietary Guidelines: Healthy Eating
Recommendations 2019
Nutritional Supplements and Natural and
Nonprescription Health Products
Vitamin and Mineral Toxicity
Circumstances When Nutrient Supplementation Is
Indicated
Food Safety
Causes of Foodborne Illness
Examples of Common Foodborne Pathogens
Food Safety Practices
Health, Nutrition, and Food Insecurity
in Canada
Monitoring Food Insecurity in Canada
Children in Food-Insecure Households
Indigenous Peoples and Food Insecurity
Community Nutrition Programs
Nutrition Screening
Nutrition Risk Factors
Cardiovascular Diseases
Heart Disease
Hypertension
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Obesity
Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes in Children
24 Exercise
Defining Physical Activity in Health
Physical Activity Participation—Current Guidelines
and Recommendations
The Current State of Meeting Physical Activity
Objectives: Making Progress?
Aging
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health
Cardiac Risk Factors
High-Density Lipoprotein and Serum
Triglyceride Levels
Hypertension
Hyperinsulinemia and Glucose Intolerance
Obesity
Musculoskeletal and Bone Health
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Exercise and Pain
Immune Function
Mental Health
Cognition and Memory
Neurological Health
Exercise Prescription
Warm-Up and Cool-Down Periods
Aerobic Exercise
Flexibility
Resistance Training
Exercise and Relaxation Response
Special Considerations
Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Building a Rhythm of Physical Activity
Adherence and Access
Creating a Climate That Supports Exercise
25 Stress Management
Sources of Stress
Physical, Psychological, Sociobehavioural, and
Spiritual/Homeodynamic Consequences
of Stress
Physiological Effects of Stress
Psychological Effects of Stress
Sociobehavioural Effects of Stress
Spiritual Effects of Stress
Health Benefits of Managing Stress
Assessment of Stress
Stress Management Strategies
Developing Self-Awareness
Nutrition: Healthy Diet
Physical Activity
Sleep Hygiene
Cognitive–Behavioural Restructuring
Affirmations
Social Support
Assertive Communication
Empathy
Healthy Pleasures
Spiritual Practice
Clarifying Values and Beliefs
Setting Realistic Goals
Humour
Engaging in Pleasurable Activities
Effective Coping
26 Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Health
Modalities
Background
Allopathic and Whole-Person Health
Complementary, Integrative, and Alternative Health
Users in Canada
Regulation in Canada
Interventions
Nutritional Approaches
Psychological and/or Physical Approaches
Energy Healing Therapies
Other Complementary Health Approaches
Nursing Practice
Canadian Holistic Nurses Association
Safety and Effectiveness
27 Health Promotion for the Twenty-First Century Throughout
the Life Span and Throughout the World
Global Trends in Health Promotion
Life Expectancy
The Social Determinants of Health
Malnutrition
Undernutrition
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Addressing Malnutrition at the Global Level
Emerging and Re-emerging Global Health
Concerns
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
COVID-19
Human Papilloma Virus Infection
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Other Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases
Violence
Violence in Canada
Typology and Contexts of Violence
Addressing Violence
Global Response to Violence
Why We Need Trauma- and Violence-Informed
Approaches
Collective Violence
Natural Disasters
Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Well-Being
Disaster—Effects, Planning, and Restoration
Impact of Disasters on Older Adults
Example of Response and Preparedness for Mental
Health and Psychosocial Needs—The Ukraine
Experience
Postdisaster Adaptation: Psychological
Resilience
Implications
Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: February 27, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
ML
Marian Luctkar-Flude
Dr. Marian Luctkar-Flude received her BScN and MScN from the University of Ottawa, her critical care nursing diploma from St. Lawrence College (Kingston), and her PhD from Queen’s University (Kingston). She has over 20 years' medical–surgical nursing experience, over 20 years' experience as an educator, and was named the 2021 Reznick Scholar at Queen’s University, which honours outstanding leadership and longstanding commitment to educational scholarship. She is now an Associate Professor at Queen's University School of Nursing where she has taught Nursing Health Assessment, Nursing Research, Medical-Surgical Nursing and Project in Evidence-Based Practice courses. She has expertise in clinical simulation and curriculum development and is Co-President of the Canadian Alliance of Nurse Educators using Simulation (CAN-sim), which serves as a platform for simulation collaboration among health educators. Her educational research interests include use of simulation in undergraduate nursing education, interprofessional education, and virtual simulation games, and her clinical research interests include breast cancer survivorship care, neurofeedback for post-cancer cognitive impairment, and knowledge translation interventions for primary care providers and cancer survivors. Dr. Luktcar-Flude is also an editor for Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment, Canadian Edition
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Reznick Scholar, Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University School of Nursing Kingston, Ontario, CanadaJT
Jane Tyerman
Dr. Jane Tyerman is an Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa’s School of Nursing in Ottawa, Ontario. She holds a diploma in nursing from St. Lawrence College in Ottawa, Ontario; a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Ottawa; a Bachelor of Science
in nursing from Athabasca University in Alberta; and a Master of Science in nursing and a PhD in nursing from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. She has over 25 years of experience in acute care clinical practice and more than 15 years of academic teaching experience at the graduate and undergraduate levels. She is an Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) and Pediatric Advanced Life
Support (PALS) instructor with the Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation. Dr. Tyerman has contributed to multiple NCLEX textbooks published by Elsevier and has been a HESI Live Review faculty member, delivering in-person and online workshops to graduating students across Canada. She is also co-editor for Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing in Canada. She has made significant contributions to nursing education by advancing the pedagogy that underpins the effective use of clinical simulation and through her innovative use of technology to expand equity and access to high-quality
teaching and learning resources. She is dedicated to developing and researching bilingual virtual simulation games through her role as Co-President of the Canadian Alliance of Nurse Educators Using Simulation (CAN-Sim).
Collaborating with nurse educators across Canada and internationally, she has authored multiple publications related to simulation and virtual simulation games.
.
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON., CanadaSD
Shannon Dames
Dr. Shannon Dames holds a doctorate degree in Education, and has worked in various capacities related to nursing, program development, and research over the last 20 years. She is a professor and researcher with the Nursing program at Vancouver Island University, and a forensic nurse examiner with Island Health. The program of research that she is focusing on centres on articulating the most significant factors that will enable meaningful and sustainable culture change in health care. Her efforts centre on seeding culture change from a bottom up (personal resilience) and top-down approach (systemic resilience).
Dr. Dames is an academic journal article author, Elsevier text author and contributor, and a keynote speaker. She continues to facilitate workshops that focus on the experiential development of the core factors that enable humans to thrive. She comes to this work motivated to provide the tools necessary for us to address the international mental health crises we are facing in health care and beyond. Dr. Dames has received multiple grant awards to support her ongoing program of research, which includes collaborative endeavours with the health authority, academic institutions, and the BC Centre on Substance Use.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Hath Professional Investigator for the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research/Lotte and John Hecht Memorial Foundation, Director of Research and Development for Roots to Thrive, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada