Ecomaterials

General Preface

Conference Organizers, Sponsor, Advisors

Co-Sponsors

Supporting Sponsors

Contents of Each Volume

Names of Symposia and Organizing Committees

Part A

Symposium K

Environment Conscious Materials

Ecomaterial Symposium Supporting Sponsors

Preface

Advisory Committee

Organizing Committee

I. Concept of Ecomaterial

Natural Resources or the Environment: Which Does Control the World Population?

Intelligent Materials Minimizing Environmental Load

New Materials Research to Develop Environment Conscious Materials (Ecomaterials)

Perturbations of Carbon Cycles in Closed Ecological Systems

Green Materials for Global Atmosphere Conservation and Abundant Energy Supply

Power Generation by Tide and Tidal Current

Biosensors and Micromachining

Role of Materials in Problem of Energy Supply

Urban Warming and Future Metropolis

Building a Model Society for Environmental Preservation (a Proposal from the Yamagishi Association)

II. Design for Environment and LCA

Design for Environment

Life Cycle Analysis

Tools for Life Cycle Assessment and Ecodesign

A Comprehensive Methodological Scheme for Product Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA)

Plastics on the Environmental Scales by Life-Cycle Analysis

A New Method for Eco-Balance Assessment

Using Life-Cycle Assessment to Minimize Environmental Impact

Proposed Recyclability System for Products

Evaluation of Recycle Loops by Energy Equivalent and a Concept of Entropy

III. Recycling

III.1. Design for Recycling and Recyclable Materials

The Archaeology of Modern Landfills: Cultural-Material Contents Over Time

Deposition and Suspension of Sludge at Lake Bottom Due to Lake Current Induced by Wind

Design for Recyclability

Design and Evaluation for High Recyclable Products and Estimation of its Recyclability

Thermo-Reversible Recording Media

A Design Concept for Recyclable Materials with High Quality

Design of Alloy Systems Suitable for Recycling

Shaped Up Materials - A New Design Concept of Environmental Conscious Heat Resistant Steels

Recycling of Composite Materials, Present Problems and its Future

Porous Clay-Fiber Composite: A Potential Substitute for Foamed Styrol

III.2. Recycling of Metals

Recycling of Metals in Korea

Recycling of Precious Metals

Recovery Technologies of Metals from Mine Drainage and Possibility for Some Applications

Recycling Engineering and Alloy Design for Alloys with Costly Strategic Elements

Recycling Technology of Titanium Alloy Scraps

Removal of Copper from Iron Scraps by Ammonia Leaching

Tin Removal from Tinplate by Sulfurization

Energy Saving of Metal Containers and it's Future Trend in Japan

Influence of Paint on Recycling of Aluminum Used Beverage Cans

Recycling of Electric Materials

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Printed Wiring Board Wastes. (1) Magnetic Separation of Printed Wiring Board Wastes

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Printed Wiring Board Wastes. (2) Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Printed Wiring Board Wastes

III.3. Recycling of Inorganic Materials

Development of Light Weight Returnable Glass Bottles

Present Situation and Prospect of Catalyst Recycling in Japan

New Processing of Modification of Asbestos

Fundamental Study for Utilization of Hydraulic Mixture of Reducing Slag and Waste by Producing Titanium Oxide

Manufacturing of Artificial Lightweight Aggregate Utilizing Coal Fly Ash (Recycling Technology of Waste Material)

Non-Combustive Gasification and Renewal of KOH-Impregnated Fuel Soot

Resource Recycling and Industrial Waste Treatment of the Dowa Mining Co., Ltd. Group

The Manufacturing Technology of Artificial Light-Weight Aggregate Using Coal Ash

Experiences in Separation of Residual Carbon in Coal Fly Ash by Grinding and Air Classification

Swirling-Flow Melting Furnace for the Slagging of Incineration Ash

A Study on Biomass-Carriers Using Blast-Furnace Slag Applied for Environmental Control

Recycling of Nylon 6 Scraps

Effect of Electron Irradiation on the Structure and the Properties of Polyethylene Cable

Thermal Decomposition of FRP and Utilization of Residue

Study on Incineration Method of Leather Scraps and Recovery of Chromium from Incinerated Residues

Liquefaction of Stillage from Ethanolic Fermentation and Upgrading of Liquefied Oil

Deinking Agent for Waste Paper

New Pulp Mold Materials for the Packaging of Electronic Equipment

Multi-Purpose Hybrid Waste Ecocapsule

Energy Recovery Technology from Municipal Solid Waste

Recycling Technology of Sewage Sludge Ash

A New Melting Process for Disposing of Dried Sewage Sludge Using a Coke Bed Furnace

Production of PHB by Activated Sludge Using at Wastewater Treatment Facilities

A Study of the Reuse of Surplus Soil Conditioned with Incineration Ash of Sewage Sludge

IV. C02, NOx or Alternatives to CFCs etc.

Material Problems in Amine Processes for CO2 Recovery

Removal and Recovery of CO2 from Fossil Fuel Power Plant Flue Gas by Gas Absorption Technique

Effect of Water on CO2 - PSA Separation Performance

Development of Energy-Saving Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Removal by Chemical Absorption Method

Photoelectrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Useful Chemicals

Oxide-Zeolite Composite Catalyst for Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Propane

Technology of Carbon Dioxide Conversion Using Catalysts

Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide by Rare Earth Compound Catalysts

Synthesis of Light Hydrocarbons by Hydrogeneration of Carbon Monoxide Using Iron Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbons

CO2 Removal by Photosynthesis and Calcification Using Microalgae

CO2 Conversion Technique Using Immobilized Bacteria Electrodes

Suggestion of CO2 Tanker Combined with Fuel Tanker at Returning for CO2 Global Recycling System

Carbon Dioxide Reduction Potential of Steel Industry in Japan

Computational Chemistry for the Design of Materials with Low Environmental Impact

Development and Actual Use of Water-Based Cleaning Technologies as One of Activities to Eliminate CFCs

Development of CFC Alternatives

(Photo)-Decomposition Process for Compounds Containing Chlorine

Development of an Efficient Desulfurization Process of Diesel Fuels Using Oxidation Reaction

Decomposition of Nitric Oxide under Oxygen Excess Condition

Removal of Nitrogen Monoxide by Pressure Swing Adsorption on Metal Ion-Exchanged Zeolites

Selective Reduction of NOx over Alumina-Supported Silver Catalyst

Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide by Hydrocarbon on Platinum-Zeolite

Selective Oxidative Coupling of Methane with Membrane Reactor

Highly Dispersed Cobalt Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation

Metal Additive Effect on the Performance of Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides with Hydrocarbons

V. Biotechnology and Environment

Packaging and Environment

Some Achievements of Degradable Plastics in China

Towards New-Biomaterial, Biodegradable Highpolymer, Produced by Microorganism Bioflocculant & Bioabsorbent

Development of Polyester-Based Biodegradable Plastics and their Biological Recycling

Biosynthesis and Characterication of Poly(γ-Glumatic Acid)

Design of Biodegradable High Molecular Weight Polycarboxylates Directed Towards Detergent Builders

Chemically Synthesized Polyesters for Use as Biodegradable Polymers

Biodegradable Plastics Derived from Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose Fiber and Chitosan

The Study of Photo-Biodegradable Film with Polyolefin Matrix

An Attempt to Make Polystrene Biodegradable

Physical Properties and Biodegradability of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Based Blends

Studies on Biodegradability of LDPE to Which a Biodegradation Inducing Agent has Been Added

Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable Polymers in Nature

Isolation and Acclimation Method for PHA and poly-P Accumulating Bacteria

Removal of Micro-Organisms and Viruses by a Pyridinium-Type Polymer

Total Utilisation of Wood Components by Steam Explosion Pretreatment

VI. Materials (Except Automotive)

VI.1. Architecture Materials

Utilization of Construction By-Products in Japan

Prediction of Service Lives of Reinforced Concrete Structures Considering the Influence of Tendency of the Increase in Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on the Progress of Neutralization (Carbonation) of Concrete and Methods of Improvement of Service Lives Using Suppressive Effects of Surface Finishing Materials

Highly Durable Concrete Using Durability Improving Agents for Long Time Use of Structures

Portland Cement as an Eco-Material - Its Present Situation and Future Possibilities

New Construction Materials for the Preservation of Tropical Rain Forest

New Glasses for Solving Global Environmental Problems

High Efficiency Selective Emissive Material Based on SiO: a Computational Design

Advanced Building Materials for Passive Solar Application

Preparation of Metal-Doped Thermochromic VO2 Films for Smart Window Coatings

Improvement of TV Radio-Wave Characteristics in High Performance Heat-Reflective Glass

Degradation Simulation System of Polymeric Materials Exposured Outdoors

VI.2. Energy Materials

Materials Used in H-Environment

Development of Hydrogen-Absorbing Alloy Applications as Environment Conscious Materials

Hydrogen Absorption Alloys for Nickel-Hydrogen Rechargeable Batteries

Magnesiothermic and Lithiothermic Reductions of Mischmetal Oxide and Formation of Ni-Rm Alloys

Trend of Global Warming and Energy Material Related to Reducing CO2 Emission

Corrosion Resistant Alloy for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

Mechanism and Kinetics of Phase Transformation in Light Heat-Resisting alloys Ti-(40-45at.%Al)

Hall-Coefficient Measurement of Metal Oxide Conductors in High Temperature Region

Application of C/Cu Composite Material in Energy Industry

Desulfurization Behavior in Rapid Pyrolysis of Density Separated High Sulfur Coals

Effect of Super Critical Water on Removal of Sulfur in Coals

Hydrogenolysis of Coal Removed Mineral Matter

Purification of Metallurgical Silicon Up to Solar Grade

Superconducting Material: An Effective Ecomaterial

VI. 3. Steels and Other Structure Materials

Ferroelectric Refrigeration - A Possible New Cryogenic Refrigeration at Room Temperature

Ironmaking and Steelmaking - Friendly to the Global Environment

Ecological Materials in the Steel Industry

Development of Oxidation Resistant Fe-20Cr-5Al Foil for Catalytic Converter Use

Mechanical Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Chip Compacts

Environment Conscious Composite Materials

VI.4. Materials for Information, Catalyst or Special Functions

Preparation of Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Film by Wet Method

Improvements in Corrosion Resistance of Magneto-Optic Disk

The Non-Cartridge Printer with the Amorphous Silicon Photoconductor

Production of Activated Carbon for Utilization of Bark from Russian Wood

Polystrene-Based Ion-Exchange Fiber and its Application at Nuclear Power Plant

Advanced Ecomaterials - Functional Fibers

An Amphoteric Polymer on Active Carbon Fiber for Environment Purification

Porous Zeolite - A Potential Ecomaterial

Recovery of Uranium from Seawater by Adsorption Method

VI.5. Others

Comparison and Study on Super Absorbent Resin Initiation System

Utilization of Wood and its Feasibility as Ecomaterials

Development of Woodceramics

Development of Turtleshell-Work-Materials Using Silk Protein

Functional Compost Repressing Plant Disease

New Type Lubricant for Refrigerator Using HFC Refrigerants

Aqueous Cleaner for Electronics and Precision Parts

Easily Refinable Washing Thinners

Potential Use of Polymer Gels in the Monitoring of Waste Water

New Technique for the Separation of Oil and Fine Particles from Waste Waters Using Slag Fibers

Degradation of Polyethylene over Solid Acids and Bases

A New Electro-Chemical Processing to Produce Expansible Graphite with Reduced Environmental Pollution

Environmentally Friendly Vulcanization Technology of Natural Rubber Latex by Radiation

Improve the Homogeneity of ZnO Varistor - A Way to Ecomaterials

VII. Automotive Materials

Toward Environmental-Friendly Automobiles Through New Technologies

The Industrial Ecology of the Automobile: A Strategic Framework for Analyzing the Cost Effectiveness of Automobile Recycling

A Tool for Ecological Design, the EPS-System

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission by Material Production and its Application to Automotive Production

Materials Technology in Automotive Recycling

Recycling Technologies in Automobiles

Painted Thermoplastics (TP) Bumper Recycling Technology

Development of Method for Removal of Zinc from Automobile Body Scraps

Recovery of Non-Ferrous Metals from Car Scrap Using the Jig Separator (ECHO Metal Jig, Type-SP)

Wet Oxidation of Waste Oil

Low Density CFC-Free MDI-Based Polyurethane Foam for Automotive Seat Cushion

The Development of a New Material for Studless Snow Tires

Alternative Fuel Material and Combustion System of Diesel Engines

Part B

Symposium H

Shape Memory Materials

Symposium Support

Preface

Keynote Lecture

Domain Structure in Martensitic Transformation

I. Mechanism of Martensitic Transformations

First Principles Calculations for Analysis of Martensitic Transformations

Ferroelastic Phase Transition of Pseudoelasticity

Premartensitic Elastic Shear Anisotropy in FCC Alloys

Martensitic Transformation in Sodium Single Crystals

Anelasticity Due to Twins in Mn-Cu Alloys

Thermal Expansion and Phonon Anomalies near Martensitic Transformations

II. Ni-Al and Other New Shape Memory Alloys

Shape Memory and Multistage Superelasticity in Heusler-Type Ni-Mn-Ga Single Crystals

Mechanism of Self-Accommodation of 7R Martensite in a Ni-37.0at%Al Alloy

On the Phase-Like Nature of the 7M Structure in Ni-Al

Electron-Irradiation-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Nix-Al100-x Observed In-Situ in HREM

Electron Microscopy Observations of 15R and 12-Layers Martensites in Ni50AlxMn50-x Alloys

Stress-Induced Martensitic Transformation and Deformation Behavior of Single Crystal of the Ni-Al Alloy

Martensitic Transformations in Intermetallic Compound Ni-Al with Fe, Co, Cr and B Additions

Processing and Characterization of Ni-Al-Fe-B Shape-Memory Alloy Wires Produced by Rapid Solidification

Mechanical Behavior and Phase Stability of NiAl-Based Shape Memory Alloys

Effect of Boron on Martensitic Transformation of the Ni-Rich NiAl Shape Memory Alloys

III. Martensitic Transformations in Ceramics

Ferroelectric Domains in Lead Zirconate Titanate Single Crystals

Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of the Ferroelastic Phase Transition in Lead Phosphate (Pb3(P04)2)

Microstructure of Cubic and Tetragonal Zirconia in ZrO2-CeO2

Joining Sialon Ceramic Using Cu-Al Alloy

IV. Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys

Aging Effects in Noble Metal Based Shape Memory Alloys

The Influence of γ Precipitates on the Martensitic Transformation and Related Effects in Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys

NMR Study of the Martensitic Transformation in Au-Cu-Zn Alloys

γ Precipitates in Cu Based SMA: Interface Effects and Training Processes

Effect of Direct Quench into Martensite on the Reverse Transformation of CuAlNiMnB Alloys

Cu-Zn-Al SMA: Time Dependent Processes in the β-M Coexistence

New Insights into the Mechanisms of the Two Way Memory Effect in Copper Based Shape Memory Alloys

Effect of Ni Content on the Phase Stability of Martensites in β-phase Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys

Dependence of Transformation Temperatures on the Type of Martensite Formed in a Rapidly Quenched Copper Based Shape Memory Alloy

Perspective in Development of Shape Memory Materials Associated with Martensitic Transformation

Modelling and Simulation in SMA

The Crystallographic Analysis of WLR Method on BCC to 9R or 18R Transformations in Cu-Base SMA

The Stabilization of Deformation Pathway in Combined Tension-Torsion Loading of Shape Memory Alloys

V. Fe-Based Shape Memory Alloys

The Effect of Parent Phase Strengthening on Shape Memory Behavior of Ferrous Alloys

Role of Pre-Straining of Austenite in the Improvement of Shape Memory Effect in an Fe-33Mn-6Si Alloy

HREM Study of Deformation-Induced Martensite Structures in an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy

The Shape Memory Effect and γ —> ε Martensitic Transformation in Fe25Mn4Si2NilCr Alloy

Martensitic and Magnetic Transformations in Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys

The Effect of Prior ε Martensite Content on the Shape memory Effect in Fe-17%Mn Alloy

Effect of Magnetic Fields on Magnetoelastic Martensitic Transformation in an Ausaged Fe-Ni-Co-Ti Shape Memory Alloy

Quantitative Study on the Density of Nucleation Sites of Martensite in an Fe-Pt Alloy

Shape Memory Effect in an Unausaged Fe-Ni-Co-Ti Alloy

The Effects of Grain Size and Transformation Texture on the Shape Memory Effect in Fe-15Mn-5Cr-5Co-3Si Alloy

VI. Ti-Ni and Other Related Shape Memory Alloys

New Development of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys

Recent Developments in High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

The Influence of Ti and Ni Additions and Thermal Cycling on the Martensitic Transformation in Cu-Zr Alloys

Deformation Behavior of TiPd-Cr High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Influence of Addition of Va Elements on the Martensitic Transformation of the TiPd Alloy

Influence of W Addition on the Martensitic Transformation of the TiPd alloy

Effect of Neutron Irradiation on Deformation Behavior in TiPd-Cr High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Effects of Cold Rolling on a Ti50Ni2oPd3o Alloy

Thermal Stability of Rapidly Solidified Ti-Ni-Cu Alloys

Phase Transformation of Rapidly Solidified Ti-Pd-Ni Alloys

Effect of Heat-Treatment on Deformation Behavior Associated with R-Phase and Martensitic Transformations in Ti-Ni Thin Films

Shape Change Associated with R-Phase Transition in Sputter Deposited Ti-Ni Thin Films

Transformation and Deformation Behavior of Sputter Deposited Ti-Ni Thin Films

R-Phase Formation and Self-Accommodation in Sputtered Thin Films of Thermoelastic Ti(Ni+Cu)

Martensitic Transformation in Ni50Ti5o Films

Phase Transformation of Rapidly Solidified TiNi Shape Memory Alloy

Sequential B2→B19→B19' Phase Transformation in Ti-45Ni-5Cu and Ti-44Ni-5Cu-1Al Alloys

Structure Study of the R-Phase in a Ti-Ni-Fe Alloy by Electron Microscopy

Electron Microscopy Studies of Twin Boundaries in TiNi Martensite

Systematic Investigation of the Atom Location of X in Ti-Ni-X Shape Memory Alloys

Deformation-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Ni-Ti-Nb Shape Memory Alloy with Wide Hysteresis

Origin of As Temperature Increase by Predeformation in Ti-Ni Alloys

Chemical Analysis of Ti40Ni40Nb20 Eutectic Alloy by Analytical Electron Microscopy

Effect of Deformation and Thermomechanical Cycling on Shape Memory Effect and Recovery Stress in a Ni-Ti-Nb Wide Hysteresis Shape Memory Alloy

Effect of Prestrain on Two-Way Shape Memory Effect in Ti-Ni Alloy

Mechanism of Two-Way Shape Memory Effect in Ti-Ni Alloy

Multistage Transformation Behavior in NiTi

Electrical Resistance as a Function of Deformation in Shape Memory Alloys

Superelastic Characteristics of Ni-Ti-Cu-X Alloys

Damping Characteristics of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weld Spots of Near-Equiatomic NiTi Alloy Wire

VII. Applications of Shape Memory Alloys

Application of Shape Memory Alloys in Japan

The Current Status of Industrial Applications for Shape Memory Alloys

Design Elements for Shape Memory Alloys, Some Case Studies

Applications of Fe-Mn-Si Alloy for Pipe Joints

The Perio Root Implant (PRI)

Practical Application of Static Rock Breaker Using TiNi Shape Memory Alloy in Underwater

Application of Ti-Ni-Cu Alloy

A Gripper Based on NiTi-Silicone-Composite Materials with Reversible Shape Memory Effect

The Need for Product Design Tools in Shape Memory Technology

On the Implementation of Shape Memory Effects in a General FE-Code

A Scoliosis Correction System Using Shape Memory Material

Primary Experimental Study on Occlusion Arterial Blood Flow by Implantation of Nitinol Alloy Stent

Symposium I

Hydrogen Absorbing Materials and Hydride Batteries

Application of Hydrogen Absorbing Alloys to Batteries

Crystal Structure of Electrode Materials (Zr, A)V0.5Ni1.1Mn02Fe0.2 (A = Ti, Nb and Hf) for Ni-Hydrogen Rechargeable Batteries

Electromotive Force of Hydride Electrodes in Magnetic Fields

Discharge Characteristics of Ti-Zr Based Multi-Component Alloy Hydride Electrodes

The Effects of F-Treatment Level on the Electrochemical Behavior of LaNi4.7Al0.3

Activitation of Zr0.5Ti0.5V0.75Ni1.25 Electrodes by Hot Alkaline Solutions

Electrochemical Properties of the Chemically-Treated LaNi4.7Al0.3 and MmNi3.5Co0.7Al0.8

Electrode Characteristics of LaNi4.7Al0.3 Alloy Activated by Alkaline Solution Containing Hydrazine

Effects of Ni-Substitution on the Hydriding Properties of AB2 Compounds of the System (Ti, Zr)(Mn, Cr)2

Low Temperature Hydriding Properties of F-Treated Mg-Mg2Ni Eutectic Alloy

Effect of Air Exposure on the H2 Reactivity of F-Treated LaNi4.7Al0.3 Alloy

Effect of F-treatment on the Incubation Time of LaNi4.7Al0.3 Alloy After Long-Time Air Exposure

Phase Distributions in a Metal/Metal Hydride (M/MH) Particle and Their Effects on Reaction Properties

Size Effects on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of F-Treated LaNi4.7Al0.3 Alloy

Surface Structure of F-treated LaNi4.7Al0.3 with Hydriding/Dehydriding Cycles

Surface Structures of F-treated LaNi4.7Al0.3 After Storing in Water and Air

Surface and Bulk Properties of Hydrided Rare-Earth Alloy Glasses

Preparation and Hydrogenation of Amorphous Ti50Mn50 Alloy

Towards the Elucidation of Hydrogen Diffusion in an Inhomogeneous Medium

Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Vanadium-Molybdenum Alloys

Interaction of Hydrogen Molecules with Metal Cluster Ions

Electronic Charge Distribution of Sodium Substituted Palladium Hydride, NaPd3H2

Hydrogen Ordering in Rare-Earth Hydrides

New Phases of Binary Metal Hydrides Under High Pressures and Temperatures

Author Index

Subject Index