Distributed Computing to Blockchain

Architecture, Technology, and Applications

1st Edition - April 8, 2023
Editors: Rajiv Pandey, Sam Goundar, Shahnaz Fatima
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 1 4 6 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 1 4 7 - 9

Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications provides researchers, computer scientists, and data scientists with a comprehensive and applied re… Read more

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Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications provides researchers, computer scientists, and data scientists with a comprehensive and applied reference covering the evolution of distributed systems computing into blockchain and associated systems. Divided into three major sections, the book explores the basic topics in the blockchain space extending from distributed systems architecture, distributed ledger, decentralized web to introductory aspects of cryptoeconomics (cryptography and economics) of decentralized applications.

The book further explores advanced concepts such as smart contracts; distributed token mining, initial coin offerings; proof of work; public, private, and other blockchains; cryptography; security; and blockchains. The book goes on to review byzantine fault tolerance, distributed ledgers versus blockchains, and blockchain protocols. The final section covers multiple use cases and applications of distributed computing and the future directions for blockchains.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Section A: Evolution of Distributed Systems
Section B: Blockchain Architecture and Security
Section C: Distributed Computing
Acknowledgments
Section A: Evolution of distributed systems
Chapter 1: Decentralized web, distributed ledgers, and build-up to blockchain
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Distributed ledgers (DLTs)
3: Blockchains
4: Types of blockchains
5: Blockchain use cases
6: Limitations and challenges
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Decentralized everything: Practical use of blockchain technology in future applications
Abstract
Competing interests
1: Introduction
2: Related work
3: Motivation
4: Connecting the world together
5: Services provided to end users—Application wise
6: Blockchain technology use cases and a way forward
7: Challenges in Blockchain technology
8: Future applications with Blockchain technology
9: Problems faced in (by) decentralizing applications
10: Future research directions/a way forward towards decentralized applications
11: Conclusion
Appendix
References
Chapter 3: Distributed computing to blockchain: Architecture, technology, and applications
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Recent related works
3: Security of the distributed network model based on blockchain
4: Results and discussion
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Types of blockchain
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Literature review
3: Background study
4: Blockchain technology and its history
5: Differentiating blockchain on network and operational parameters
6: Comparison of various blockchain types
7: Future work
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Blockchain types: A characteristic view
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Blockchain
3: General classification of blockchain
4: Other classification of blockchain
5: Consensus mechanisms
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: DApps: Decentralized applications for blockchains
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Decentralized applications (DApps)
3: Building DApps
4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Analyzing information flow in solidity smart contracts
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Related work
3: Background
4: Solidity language: Syntax and semantics
5: Formal dependency analysis of solidity smart contracts
6: Confidentiality and integrity properties verification
7: Refining analysis by combining numerical abstract domains
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Formal verification and code generation for solidity smart contracts
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Related work
3: Background
4: Formal framework for Solidity smart contracts
5: EB2Sol: Event-B to Solidity
6: Case study
7: Discussion
8: Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Blockchain consensus algorithms: Past, present, and future trends
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Proof-based consensus algorithms
3: Voting-based consensus algorithms
4: DAG-based consensus algorithms
5: Comparative evaluation and future trends of consensus algorithms
6: Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: A systematic study on the development of decentralized application (dApp)
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Implication
3: Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: AI, IoT, blockchain, and cloud computing: The necessity of the future
Abstract
1: Introduction: AI + IoT + blockchain + cloud computing
2: Background of AI, IoT, blockchain and cloud computing
3: Application scenarios in the near future
4: Summary of major works
5: Research gaps in each applications
6: Future research directions toward the integration of AI-IoT-blockchain-based cloud systems
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Functional analysis of blockchain consensus algorithms
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Consensus
3: Proof of work (PoW)
4: Proof of stake (PoS)
5: Proof of contribution
6: Blockchain to IP protection
7: Proof of service power in cloud manufacturing
8: A lightweight blockchain consensus mechanism
9: PBFT
10: Summary
References
Section B: Blockchain architecture and security
Chapter 13: Blockchain and forensics
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Wallets
3: Why wallets for forensics?
4: Wallet import format (WIF)
5: Information inside blocks of blockchain
6: Let’s check the genesis block
7: Reading from a genesis.dat file
8: Deriving bitcoin address from a block
9: Understanding mempool
10: Information from addresses
11: Opensource tools in cryptocurrency blockchain forensics
12: Information about an address
13: Summary recommendations for investigators
14: Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Cryptography in blockchain
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Set/group/field/order/prime fields
3: Cryptography
4: Role and function of cryptography
5: Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography
6: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC)
7: Digital signatures
8: Hash functions
9: Deriving a bitcoin blockchain address
10: Future blockchain systems
11: Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Ethereum blockchain platform
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Ethereum
3: Fundamental concepts
4: Tools
5: Simulating a real environment with Ethereum
6: Ethereum’s future
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Hyperledger Fabric
3: Use cases
4: Tutorials
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 17: An in-depth look at blockchain technology: Architecture and security concerns
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Problem statement
3: Implication
References
Chapter 18: Blockchain-based IoT security solutions
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Internet of Things (IoT)
3: Blockchain
4: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 19: Cryptoeconomics
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Initial coin offering (ICO)
3: Future of blockchain
References
Section C: Distributed computing
Chapter 20: Distributed databases and distributed operating systems for blockchain
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Distributed system
3: Distributed database system
4: Distributed ledger technology (DLT) being part of distributed systems
5: Blockchain and distributed system
6: Distributed operating system and blockchain
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Demystifying blockchain adoption in financial sector—A critical analysis
Abstract
1: Background
2: Methodology
3: Acceptability of blockchain in FinTech—Google search intensity (SVI)
4: Finance sector with and without blockchain technology
5: Adaptability and usage of blockchain technology in financial services
6: Benefits of integrating blockchain technology and financial services
7: Risks and challenges of incorporating blockchain technology in financial services
8: Critically demystifying blockchain adoption in financial sector
9: Future agenda
10: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 22: e-Governance and blockchain-based data supply chain for used cars
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Literature review
3: Research process
4: Implementation of field validation
5: Lessons learned and challenges
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Emerging trends of blockchain in bioinformatics: A revolution in health care
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Blockchain
3: Bioinformatics
4: Genomic big data
5: Blockchain applications in bioinformatics
6: Blockchain in the health-care industry
7: Blockchain technology changing traditional methods of applied research in bioinformatics
8: Blockchain: A critical analysis of challenges and opportunities
9: Future of blockchain
References
Chapter 24: Blockchain’s potential to rescue sports: A social media perspective
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Theoretical background
3: Methodology
4: Results
5: Discussion
6: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 25: Design and development of a mobile application for level monitoring of oxygen cylinders using block chain technology
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Literature review
3: Importance of the proposed work
4: Objectives
5: Methodology
6: Development and discussions
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: A futuristic approach to decentralize and authenticate workplace safety records leveraging on blockchain distributed ledger network
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Fundamental principles of blockchain technology
3: Workplace safety and health issues
4: Workplace safety records
5: Leveraging on blockchain network for managing workplace safety records
6: Limitations
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 27: Designing business models through blockchain: A process of value creation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: What is blockchain technology?
3: Business models
4: User value through blockchain
5: Blockchain-based business models—Industry use cases
6: Discussion and critical analysis
7: Conclusion
References
Index

Rajiv Pandey

Dr. Rajiv Pandey is a Faculty member at Amity Institute of Information Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India. He possesses a diverse background experience of around 35 years to include 15 years in industry and 20 years of academic research and instruction. His research interests include blockchain and crypto currencies, information security, semantic web provenance, Cloud computing, Big Data, and Data Analytics. Dr. Pandey is a Senior Member of IEEE and has been a session chair and technical committee member for various IEEE conferences. He has been on the technical committees of various government and private universities, and is the editor of Quantum Computing: A Shift from Bits to Qubits from Springer, Data Modelling and Analytics for the Internet of Medical Things from CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Edge Computing from AP/Elsevier.

Affiliations and expertise

Amity Institute of Information Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India

Sam Goundar

Dr. Sam Goundar is an international academic, having taught at 12 universities in 10 different countries. He is currently a Professor at RMIT University, Hanoi, Vietnam. Dr. Goundar is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies (IJBC) - Inderscience, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Fog Computing (IJFC) - IGI, Section Editor of the Journal of Education and Information Technologies (EAIT) – Springer, and Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of the International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing (IJCAC) – IGI. He is also on the Editorial Review Board of more than 20 high impact factor journals. As a researcher, apart from Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, Fog Computing, Mobile Cloud Computing and Cloud Computing, Dr. Goundar also researches in Educational Technology, MOOCs, Artificial Intelligence, ICT in Climate Change, ICT Devices in the Classroom, Using Mobile Devices in Education, e-Government, and Disaster Management. He is the author of Innovations in the Industrial Internet of Things and Smart Factory forthcoming from IGI Global, Impact of Digital Transformation on Security Policies and Standards from IGI Global, and Architecture and Security Issues in Fog Computing Applications from IGI Global. He has been a Research Fellow with the United Nations University, a Senior Lecturer in IS at The University of the South Pacific, Adjunct Lecturer in IS at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, and an Affiliate Professor of Information Technology at Pontificia Universidad Catolica Del Peru.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, RMIT University, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Shahnaz Fatima

Dr. Shahnaz Fatima is a Faculty member in the Institute of Information Technology at Amity University, Lucknow, India. Her research interests are Human Computer Interaction, Data Mining, Deep Mining, Semantic Web, Edge Computing, and IoT. She is involved in supervising Doctorate Research Scholars and Post Graduate Students in the Institute of Information Technology. She is a member of the International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (IACSIT).

Affiliations and expertise

Faculty, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India

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Distributed Computing to Blockchain

Architecture, Technology, and Applications

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Rajiv Pandey

Sam Goundar

Shahnaz Fatima