Discoveries in Pharmacology - Volume 1 - Nervous System and Hormones

2nd Edition - September 9, 2022
Editors: Clive Page, Jacques Bruinvels, Michael J. Parnham
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 1 9 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 2 0 - 4

Discoveries in Pharmacology: Volume 1: Nervous system and hormones (2nd Ed.) presents selected articles from the historic Discoveries in Pharmacology series enhanced with co… Read more

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Discoveries in Pharmacology: Volume 1: Nervous system and hormones (2nd Ed.) presents selected articles from the historic Discoveries in Pharmacology series enhanced with commentary from contemporary scholars about the reception and importance of the chapter along with an updated bibliography on the subject with contributions from a Nobel Prize winner and other pioneers in Pharmacology. The Discoveries in Pharmacology series brought acknowledged experts in their fields together to provide first-hand accounts of important pharmacological discoveries discussing the scientific background and stories behind these pivotal moments. They allow a true understanding of the means by which pharmacological discoveries are made. This volume brings forth discussions on key discoveries in psycho- and neuro-pharmacology, haemodynamics, and hormones including chapters on antipsychotic agents by Nobel winner Anders Carlsson, Willy Haefely on benzodiazepine, and butyrophenone-type neuroleptics by P. A. J. Janssen and J. P. Tollenaere. Academic and industry researchers in pharmacology and medicine, as well as advanced students in the area will find this series a useful teaching tool and launch to new discoveries. Chapters can also be used to supplement course material in pharmacology and medical courses. It will also be of interest to those who are interested in the history of medicine.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1A Commentary on Chemical transmission of nerve impulses by Zénon M. Bacq
Introduction
Technical differences—then and now
The current status of chemical neurotransmission
The future?
References
Chapter 1B Chemical transmission of nerve impulses
Chapter Outline
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The forerunners
1.3 Experiments of O. Loewi
1.4 The cholinergic systems
1.5 The two periods of opposition
1.6 Adrenergic systems
1.7 Nomenclature
1.8 Comparative aspects
1.9 The central nervous system: the increased number of mediators
1.10 Importance of the European contributions
1.11 General considerations
1.12 Appendix: short biographical notices
References
Chapter 2A Commentary on Discovery of the clinical use of neuroleptics by Pierre Deniker
References
Chapter 2B The suppression of psychotic behaviour -- Discovery of the clinical use of neuroleptics
Chapter Outline
2.1 Introduction
2.2 1952: Chlorpromazine
2.3 1954: Reserpine
2.4 1954–55: Parkinsonism through therapy; results with neuroleptics in the treatment of chronic psychoses
2.5 1957: Dyskinesias and encephalitis: definition of neuroleptics
2.6 1958–59: New groups of neuroleptics
2.7 1960: Neuroleptics and the extrapyramidal system
2.8 Discovery of the antidopamineroic activities of neuroleptics
2.9 Long-acting neuroleptics
2.10 Classification of neuroleptics
2.11 Some controversies about neuroleptics
2.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3A Commentary on The discovery of the butyrophenone-type neuroleptics by P.A.J. Janssen and J.P. Tollenaere
References
Chapter 3B The suppression of psychotic behaviour -- The discovery of the butyrophenone-type neuroleptics
Chapter Outline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The early beginnings
3.3 A compound with mixed morphinomimetic and neuroleptic properties
3.4 Towards haloperidol
3.5 The final steps
3.6 From haloperidol onwards
3.7 Summary
References
Chapter 4A Commentary on: Antipsychotic agents: elucidation of their mode of action by Arvid Carlsson
References
Chapter 4B The suppression of psychotic behaviour -- Antipsychotic agents: elucidation of their mode of action
Chapter Outline
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The mode of action of reserpine
4.3 Discovery of dopamine in brain: agonist in its own right
4.4 Mode of action of the major antipsychotic agents
4.5 Searching for better antipsychotic agents
4.6 Schizophrenia and brain neurotransmitters
Uncited References:
References
Chapter 5A Commentary on Clinical discoveries with antidepressant drugs by Heinz E. Lehmann and Nathan S. Kline
References
Chapter 5B Antidepressants: Clinical discoveries with antidepressant drugs
Chapter Outline
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Tricyclic antidepressants: recollections by H. E. Lehmann
5.3 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: recollections by N. S. Kline
References
Chapter 6A Commentary on Monoamine oxidase and its inhibitors in relation to antidepressive activity by E. Albert Zeller
MAO and MAO-Is in schizophrenia
MAO and MAO-Is in depression syndrome
References
Chapter 6B Antidepressants: Monoamine oxidase and its inhibitors in relation to antidepressive activity
Chapter Outline
6.1 On the biofunction of monoamine oxidase: an introduction
6.2 Iproniazid, the first irreversible MAO inhibitor
6.3 In vivo inhibition of MAO by iproniazid
6.4 Modulation of mammalian monoamine metabolism by iproniazid
6.5 The first pharmacological experiments with iproniazid as potentiator of pharmacological actions of monoamines
6.6 The first pharmacological experiments with a specific non-MAO target for iproniazid
6.7 Psychostimulation with iproniazid
6.8 Treatment of depressed and withdrawn patients with MAO inhibitors
6.9 Epilogue
Uncited References
References
Chapter 7A Commentary on The discovery of tricyclic antidepressants and their mode of action by F. Sulser and R. Mishra
References
Chapter 7B The discovery of tricyclic antidepressants and their mode of action
Chapter Outline
7.1 The chemical synthesis of derivatives of iminodibenzyl and the discovery of the antidepressant properties of imipramine
7.2 The reserpine-like syndrome as a model depression to detect drugs with potential antidepressant activity
7.3 Early views on the mode of action of tricyclic antidepressants
7.4 From acute pharmacological effects elicited by tricyclic antidepressants at presynaptic sites to delayed postsynaptic modification of noradrenergic receptor function
7.5 The action of tricyclic antidepressants on other receptor systems and the imipramine high-affinity binding site
7.6 The impact of the discovery of the antidepressive action of imipramine on neurobiology
Uncited References
References
Chapter 8A Parkinson's treatment in perspective. Commentary on Levodopa and dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by Theodore L. Sourkes and Serge Gauthier
References
Chapter 8B Levodopa and dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Chapter Outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 History of dopa and dopamine
8.3 The nigrostriatal tract and neurotransmitter dopamine
8.4 Introduction of L-dopa to therapeutics
8.5 Other dopamine agonists
Acknowledgments
Uncited References
References
Chapter 9A Commentary on Alleviation of anxiety: the benzodiazepine saga by Willy Haefely
Flavonoids as “a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands”
2,3-Benzodiazepines as anxiolytics
The sage continues
References
Chapter 9B Alleviation of anxiety — the benzodiazepine saga
Chapter Outline
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Making a new drug (Chlordiazepoxide)
9.3 Growth of the benzodiazepine family
9.4 Exploring the pharmacology of benzodiazepines
9.5 Mechanism of action
9.6 Specific benzodiazepine antagonists
9.7 Outlook
Acknowledgment
Uncited References
References
Chapter 10A The development of antiseizure medications. Commentary on The development of antiepileptic drugs by J.W.A. Meijer, H. Meinardi, and C.D. Binnie
The quiet years
Second generation ASMs
Current state of the pharmacologic treatment of epilepsy
Future directions
References
Chapter 10B The development of antiepileptic drugs
Chapter Outline
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Ancient remedies
10.3 General problems of systematic antiepileptic drug research
10.4 The development of the established antiepileptic drugs
10.5 Appendix
Acknowledgements
Uncited References:
References
Appendix references
Chapter 11A Commentary on Analgesia up to the Twentieth Century by Peter Holzer and Fred Lembeck
Introduction
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics
New pain pathways
Opioid analgesics
Anaesthetics
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11B Analgesia up to the twentieth century
Chapter Outline
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Analgesia in pre-anaesthesia days
11.3 The rise of modern analgesics
11.4 The discovery of anaesthesia
11.5 After the discovery of anaesthesia
11.6 Outlook
Uncited References
References
Index

Clive Page

Professor Clive P. Page, BSc PhD OBE HonFBPhS is a Professor of Pharmacology, King’s College London and Director of the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King’s College London. Clive’s main research interests are in the pharmacology of inflammation and respiratory disease and he has published over 250 scientific papers. Clive was the co-founder and previous Chairman of the Board of Verona Pharma plc, an AIM listed Company developing new drugs for the treatment of Respiratory Diseases. He is a Non Executive Director of and on boards of several companies. He was awarded the Society of Biology President’s Medal in 2012 for an outstanding contribution to the life sciences over the previous year. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and an Honorary Fellow and President Elect of the British Pharmacological Society. In 2017, Clive was awarded an OBE for Services to Pharmacology.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Pharmacology, King’s College London and Director of the Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King’s College London, UK

Jacques Bruinvels

Professor Jacques Bruinvels, Ph.D. is Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Full biography to follow

Affiliations and expertise

Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Michael J. Parnham

Professor Michael J. Parnham, Ph.D., C.Biol.MRSB, FBPhS studied Pharmacology at Chelsea (now King's) College, gaining practical experience in the department of the subsequent Nobel Prize winner, John R. Vane, at the Royal College of Surgeons. With a PhD from Bristol University (1976), he carried out postdoctoral research on prostaglandins and chronic inflammation with Ivan Bonta at Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. He established laboratories in pharmacology and toxicology and was Director of Preclinical Discovery working on novel anti-inflammatory macrolides at GSK from 2006. From 2012 to 2019, Prof. Parnham built up preclinical research in the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IME. Dr. Parnham has published and lectured extensively and organised symposia on various aspects of immunopharmacology and anti-inflammatory therapy and in 2015, received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association of Inflammatory Societies (IAIS). He is a scientific advisor to several companies.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

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Discoveries in Pharmacology - Volume 1 - Nervous System and Hormones

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Clive Page

Jacques Bruinvels

Michael J. Parnham