Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City

In smart cities, information and communication technologies are integrated to exchange real-time data between citizens, governments, and organizations. Blockchain provides security for communication and transactions between multiple stakeholders. Digital twin refers to a simulation of physical products in a virtual space. This simulation fully utilizes the physical models, wireless sensor networks, and historical data of city operation to integrate big information (digital twin cities) under multidiscipline, multiphysical quantities, multiscale, and multiprobability.

Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City explores how digital twins and blockchain can be used in smart cities. Part 1 deals with their promising applications for healthy cities. Part 2 covers other promising applications and current perspectives of blockchain and digital twins for future smart society and smart city mobility. Together with its companion volume, Digital Twin and Blockchain for Sensor Networks in Smart Cities, this book helps to understand the vast amount of data around the city to encourage happy, healthy, safe, and productive lives.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editor
Foreword
Part 1: Digital twin and blockchain for healthy cities
Chapter 1. Using blockchain technology for efficient data sharing and privacy in the Internet of Medical Things
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Brief on blockchain-based Internet of Medical Things
1.3 Applications of blockchain in Internet of Medical Things
1.4 Implementation of blockchain for limited spectrum in IoMT
1.5 Time cost analysis results
1.6 Types of blockchain technology
1.7 Other aspects
1.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2. Smart sensors for smart city environmental monitoring systems
Abstract
2.1 Introduction to smart city environmental monitoring
2.2 Components and characteristics of smart city environmental monitoring
2.3 Integration of advanced sensors, smart infrastructure and Internet of Things
2.4 Fusion of environmental monitoring with smart infrastructure
2.5 IoT framework: The catalyst for a smart monitoring system in modern urban development
2.6 Data flow and analysis in smart monitoring systems
2.7 Smart sensing and monitoring technologies in environmental monitoring
2.8 Intelligent and versatile materials for enhanced functionality in smart urban environments
2.9 Aerial surveillance and monitoring schemes in intelligent urban environments
2.10 Results in the context of the greater problem, emphasizing sustainability and quality of life
2.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3. Preserving privacy in healthcare: leveraging digital twins and blockchain for data-less and identity-less information sharing
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 An inspiring concept
3.3 Time series modeling of digital twins for forecasting chronic conditions
3.4 The role of blockchain
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Blockchain—platform for the future of healthcare
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Blockchain Web3 and healthcare of the Future
4.3 Blockchain applications in healthcare
4.4 Ethics and blockchain
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Integration of blockchain technology into telehealth framework
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Blockchain technology overview
5.3 Applications of blockchain in smart healthcare
5.4 Integration of blockchain into telehealth framework
5.5 Potential limitations
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Advanced sensor technology for smart patient monitoring in healthcare
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sensors in healthcare and in monitoring of patients
6.3 Mechanism, process and types of sensors in patient monitoring applications in healthcare
6.4 Key functional sensor types used in monitoring of patients in health care system
6.5 Settings in which sensor-based technologies can be applied for patient monitoring
6.6 Extended applications of sensor technology in patient monitoring
6.7 SMART implants and sensor technology in patient monitoring related to musculoskeletal science trauma, orthopaedics and spine surgery
6.8 Future perspectives in sensor-based monitoring of patients
6.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Medical sensor networks: main research themes, evolution, trends and framework for future study
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methodology and data management
7.3 Medical sensor networks: bibliometric analysis
7.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8. Decentralized-networks for medical research
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Blockchain technology in healthcare
8.3 Building a decentralized research network
8.4 Empowering patients for participation
8.5 Transparency and trust in decentralized medical research networks
8.6 Smart contracts: incentivizing participation
8.7 Transforming medical research paradigms
8.8 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 9. An IoT-enabled blockchain system to secure medical data
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature review of blockchain
9.3 Proposed system architecture
9.4 Future work and improvements
9.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Sensors and digital twin for healthcare monitoring frameworks
Abstract
10.1 Introduction to sensors, digital twin and smart healthcare
10.2 Foundations of healthcare monitoring
10.3 Sensor technologies in healthcare
10.4 Digital twins in healthcare
10.5 Integration of sensors and digital twins in healthcare sector
10.6 Smart hospital environments—a popular use case
10.7 Benefits and disadvantages of sensors and digital twins in healthcare sector
10.8 Security and privacy issues toward sensors and digital twins in the healthcare sector
10.9 Real-world examples of sensor and digital twin applications in today’s era
10.10 Challenges and recommended solutions toward sensors and digital twins-based healthcare sector
10.11 Future opportunities and research directions toward sensors and digital twins-based smart healthcare/healthcare monitoring
10.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11. Medical sensor network, edge computing and blockchain for efficient medical data exchange
Abstract
11.1 Introduction to medical sensor network, edge computing and blockchain
11.2 Edge computing: definitions, benefits, and its role in healthcare
11.3 Blockchain technology in healthcare: definitions, types, key features, advantages and applications in healthcare
11.4 Integration of sensor networks, edge computing, and blockchain in medical sector
11.5 Efficient medical data exchange using emerging technologies in this smart era
11.6 Privacy, security, and trust issues in healthcare
11.7 Efficient medical data exchange in modern era
11.8 Challenges and recommended solutions toward sensor networks, edge computing, and blockchain in medical data exchange
11.9 Future trends and innovations toward sensor networks, edge computing, and blockchain in medical data exchange
11.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Blockchain-based secure digital twin framework for the smart healthy city
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Related works
12.3 Concepts and architecture of the digital twin for the smart healthy city
12.4 Framework and architecture of the blockchain-secured system
12.5 Case study
12.6 Discussion
12.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Blockchain applications in healthcare data management: requirements, potential and challenges
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Basic features of blockchain technology
13.3 Use of blockchain in healthcare data management
13.4 Challenges and requirements
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Artificial intelligence-powered blockchain technology for smart hospitals: an economic valuation
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature review
14.3 Cost reduction analysis
14.4 Revenue generation assessment
14.5 Investment in Technologyevaluation
14.6 Operational efficiency gains
14.7 Error reduction benefits
14.8 Regulatory compliance and security savings
14.9 Market differentiation and competitive advantage
14.10 Impact of Multilayer Networks on artificial intelligence-powered Technology in smart hospitals
14.11 Economic Value Drivers
14.12 Discussion
14.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) for smart city
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 A history of the studies and main concepts
15.3 Application and scenario definition
15.4 Deep learning accelerator for Internet of Medical Things
15.5 Hardware-based approach for IoMT
15.6 Hardware–software approach for IoMT
15.7 Artificial intelligence-hardware approach for IoMT
15.8 Feature study and future perspective
15.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16. Lightweight and privacy preserving authentication protocol for sensitive data transmission in smart healthcare applications
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Related works
16.3 The proposed protocol
16.4 Security analysis
16.5 Performance evaluation
16.6 Conclusion
Data availability statement
Competing interests
Research data policy and data availability statements
References
Part 2: Digital twin and blockchain for smart society and smart-city mobility
Chapter 17. Blockchain-based smart parking for digital-twin empowered vehicular sensing networks with privacy protection
Abstract
17.1 Smart parking and vehicular sensing networks in smart cities
17.2 Blockchain technology for smart parking
17.3 Digital twin for smart parking
17.4 Integration of blockchain, digital twins in smart parking
17.5 Issues, challenges and limitations towards implementation of blockchain and digital twin in smart parking
17.6 Future opportunities towards implementation of blockchain and digital twin in smart parking
17.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. Internet of vehicles for smart cities
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methodology
18.3 Results
18.4 Discussion and conclusion
References
Chapter 19. Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Communication between vehicle protocols
19.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20. Auto insurance platform powered by blockchain
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Understanding blockchain technology
20.3 Applications of blockchain in auto insurance
20.4 Case study: B3i car insurance platform powered by blockchain
20.5 Difficulties and future outlook
References
Chapter 21. IoT-based battery management system in the electric vehicle charging station
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Objective
21.3 Battery management system
21.4 Block diagram
21.5 Blynk application
21.6 Blockchain for Internet of Things
21.7 Results
21.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Blockchain, artificial intelligence and Internet of Things for smart road traffic management system
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Blockchain in smart road traffic management
22.3 Role of artificial intelligence in smart traffic management
22.4 Integration of Internet of Things with smart road traffic management
22.5 Comprehensive case studies
22.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 23. Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols: from bibliometric analysis to a conceptual framework and future research directions
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Methodology and data management
23.3 Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols and Smart cities: Bibliometric analysis
23.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 24. Digital twins toward smart manufacturing
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Industry revolution and smart manufacturing
24.3 Digital twin
24.4 Digital twin in smart manufacturing: opportunities, challenges and prospects
24.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25. Digital twins, artificial intelligence and immersive technologies for heritage preservation and cultural tourism in smart cities
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Digital twins
25.3 Artificial intelligence
25.4 Immersive technologies
25.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 26. Blockchain technology for the circular economy: analysis for the smart cities
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Overview of topics
26.3 Methodology
26.4 Results and findings
26.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 27. From the smart city to the smart society
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Technological foundations of smart cities
27.3 Core components of smart city infrastructure
27.4 Governance and policy in smart cities
27.5 Smart society: social and cultural aspects
27.6 Sustainability and resilience in smart cities
27.7 Security, privacy, and ethical considerations
27.8 Case studies and global examples of smart cities
27.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 28. Smart beginnings, wise endings: unpacking the smart-wise cities
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Historical overview: from past to present
28.3 Material and methods
28.4 Results and discussion
28.5 Conclusion and research agenda
28.6 Limitations and research agenda
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Digital Twin, Blockchain, and Sensor Networks in the Healthy and Mobile City

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Tuan Anh Nguyen

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