Diagnostic Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumors

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Covering the wide range of often difficult-to-diagnose variants and subtypes in soft tissue tumors, it incorporates the most recent scientific and technical knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of all key issues relevant to today’s practice. Richly illustrated and easy to use, the fourth edition of Diagnostic Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumors is a visually stunning, one-stop resource for every practicing pathologist, oncologist, resident, student, or fellow as an ideal day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SECTIONS
List of Tables
SECTION 1: SOFT TISSUE INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Chapter 1: Gross Examination
Chapter 2: Grading and Staging
ANCILLARY TECHNIQUES
Chapter 3: Soft Tissue Immunohistochemistry
Chapter 4: Molecular Features of Soft Tissue Tumors
SECTION 2: DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
OVERVIEW
Chapter 5: Biopsy and Resection of Soft Tissue Tumors
CLINICAL APPROACH
Chapter 6: Age- and Location-Based Approach to Diagnosis
HISTOLOGIC APPROACH
Chapter 7: Pattern-Based Approach to Diagnosis
Chapter 8: Feature-Based Approach to Diagnosis
SECTION 3: TUMORS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
BENIGN
Chapter 9: Lipoma
Chapter 10: Lipomatosis of Nerve
Chapter 11: Synovial Lipomatosis
Chapter 12: Angiolipoma
Chapter 13: Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipoma
Chapter 14: Chondroid Lipoma
Chapter 15: Myolipoma
Chapter 16: Hibernoma
Chapter 17: Myelolipoma
Chapter 18: Lipoblastoma
Chapter 19: Atypical Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipomatous Tumor
Chapter 20: Lipoblastoma-Like Tumor of Vulva
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
Chapter 21: Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma
MALIGNANT
Chapter 22: Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Chapter 23: Myxoid Liposarcoma
Chapter 24: Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Chapter 25: Myxoid Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
SECTION 4: FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC LESIONS
BENIGN
Chapter 26: Nodular Fasciitis
Chapter 27: Proliferative Fasciitis/Myositis
Chapter 28: Ischemic Fasciitis
Chapter 29: Myositis Ossificans
Chapter 30: Fibroosseous Pseudotumor of Digits
Chapter 31: Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
Chapter 32: Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma
Chapter 33: Elastofibroma
Chapter 34: Angiofibroma of Soft Tissue
Chapter 35: Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma
Chapter 36: Plexiform Myofibroblastoma
Chapter 37: Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma
Chapter 38: Pleomorphic Fibroma
Chapter 39: Dermatomyofibroma
Chapter 40: Fibroblastic Connective Tissue Nevus
Chapter 41: Storiform Collagenoma
Chapter 42: Keloid
Chapter 43: Nuchal-Type Fibroma
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
Chapter 44: Palmar/Plantar Fibromatosis
Chapter 45: Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis
Chapter 46: EWSR1::SMAD3 Fibroblastic Tumor
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 47: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Chapter 48: Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Chapter 49: Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
Chapter 50: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Chapter 51: Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma
Chapter 52: Superficial CD34(+) Fibroblastic Tumor
MALIGNANT
Chapter 53: Adult-Type Fibrosarcoma
Chapter 54: Myxofibrosarcoma
Chapter 55: Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
Chapter 56: Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma
Chapter 57: Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
SECTION 5: PEDIATRIC FIBROBLASTIC/MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 58: Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Chapter 59: Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Chapter 60: Calcifying Fibrous Tumor
Chapter 61: Inclusion Body Fibromatosis
Chapter 62: Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome
Chapter 63: Fibromatosis Colli
Chapter 64: Gardner Fibroma
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
Chapter 65: Lipofibromatosis
Chapter 66: Giant Cell Fibroblastoma
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 67: Infantile Fibrosarcoma
SECTION 6: FIBROHISTIOCYTIC, HISTIOCYTIC, AND DENDRITIC CELL TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 68: Dermatofibroma and Fibrous Histiocytoma
Chapter 69: Deep Fibrous Histiocytoma
Chapter 70: Epithelioid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Chapter 71: Localized-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Chapter 72: Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Chapter 73: Cellular Neurothekeoma
Chapter 74: Xanthomas
Chapter 75: Solitary (Juvenile) Xanthogranuloma
Chapter 76: Reticulohistiocytoma
Chapter 77: Deep Granuloma Annulare
Chapter 78: Rheumatoid Nodule
Chapter 79: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Chapter 80: Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Chapter 81: Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 82: Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor
Chapter 83: Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue
MALIGNANT
Chapter 84: Histiocytic Sarcoma
Chapter 85: Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
Chapter 86: Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
SECTION 7: SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 87: Smooth Muscle Hamartoma
Chapter 88: Cutaneous Leiomyoma
Chapter 89: Deep Leiomyoma
INTERMEDIATE
Chapter 90: Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor
MALIGNANT
Chapter 91: Leiomyosarcoma
SECTION 8: PERICYTIC (PERIVASCULAR) TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 92: Glomus Tumors (and Variants)
Chapter 93: Myopericytoma
Chapter 94: Myofibroma and Myofibromatosis
Chapter 95: Angioleiomyoma
SECTION 9: TUMORS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
BENIGN
Chapter 96: Focal Myositis
Chapter 97: Adult Rhabdomyoma
Chapter 98: Fetal Rhabdomyoma
Chapter 99: Genital Rhabdomyoma
Chapter 100: Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 101: Inflammatory Rhabdomyoblastic Tumor
MALIGNANT
Chapter 102: Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 103: Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 104: Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 105: Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chapter 106: Epithelioid Rhabdomyosarcoma
SECTION 10: VASCULAR TUMORS (INCLUDING LYMPHATICS)
BENIGN
Chapter 107: Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia
Chapter 108: Bacillary Angiomatosis
Chapter 109: Cutaneous Epithelioid Angiomatous Nodule
Chapter 110: Congenital Hemangioma
Chapter 111: Infantile Hemangioma
Chapter 112: Lobular Capillary Hemangioma
Chapter 113: Epithelioid Hemangioma
Chapter 114: Spindle Cell Hemangioma
Chapter 115: Intramuscular Angioma
Chapter 116: Hobnail Hemangioma
Chapter 117: Acquired Tufted Angioma
Chapter 118: Microvenular Hemangioma
Chapter 119: Sinusoidal Hemangioma
Chapter 120: Glomeruloid Hemangioma
Chapter 121: Anastomosing Hemangioma
Chapter 122: Synovial Hemangioma
Chapter 123: Angiomatosis
Chapter 124: Lymphangioma
Chapter 125: Massive Localized Lymphedema
Chapter 126: Atypical Vascular Lesion
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
Chapter 127: Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 128: Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma
Chapter 129: Retiform Hemangioendothelioma
Chapter 130: Composite Hemangioendothelioma
Chapter 131: Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma
MALIGNANT
Chapter 132: Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Chapter 133: Angiosarcoma
Chapter 134: Kaposi Sarcoma
SECTION 11: CHONDROOSSEOUS TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 135: Soft Tissue Chondroma
Chapter 136: Synovial Chondromatosis
MALIGNANT
Chapter 137: Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma
Chapter 138: Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma
SECTION 12: PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
BENIGN
Chapter 139: Solitary Circumscribed Neuroma
Chapter 140: Schwannoma
Chapter 141: Neurofibroma
Chapter 142: Perineurioma
Chapter 143: Hybrid Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 144: Granular Cell Tumor
Chapter 145: Dermal Nerve Sheath Myxoma
Chapter 146: Ganglioneuroma
Chapter 147: Neuromuscular Choristoma
MALIGNANT
Chapter 148: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 149: Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 150: Malignant Melanotic Nerve Sheath Tumor
Chapter 151: Ectomesenchymoma
SECTION 13: GENITAL STROMAL TUMORS
Chapter 152: Fibroepithelial Stromal Polyp
Chapter 153: Angiomyofibroblastoma
Chapter 154: Cellular Angiofibroma
Chapter 155: Deep (Aggressive) Angiomyxoma
SECTION 14: TUMORS OF MESOTHELIAL CELLS
Chapter 156: Adenomatoid Tumor
Chapter 157: Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst
BENIGN
Chapter 158: Malignant Mesothelioma
SECTION 15: HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS IN SOFT TISSUE
Chapter 159: Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Chapter 160: Myeloid Sarcoma
Chapter 161: Lymphoma of Soft Tissue
SECTION 16: TUMORS OF UNCERTAIN DIFFERENTIATION
BENIGN
Chapter 162: Intramuscular Myxoma
Chapter 163: Juxtaarticular Myxoma
Chapter 164: Superficial Angiomyxoma
Chapter 165: Acral Fibromyxoma
Chapter 166: Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor
Chapter 167: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of Soft Tissue
Chapter 168: Branchioma (Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma)
INTERMEDIATE (LOCALLY AGGRESSIVE)
Chapter 169: Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor
INTERMEDIATE (RARELY METASTASIZING)
Chapter 170: Atypical Fibroxanthoma
Chapter 171: Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Chapter 172: Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor
Chapter 173: Myoepithelioma of Soft Tissue
Chapter 174: Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor
MALIGNANT
Chapter 175: Synovial Sarcoma
Chapter 176: Epithelioid Sarcoma
Chapter 177: Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Chapter 178: Clear Cell Sarcoma
Chapter 179: Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa)
Chapter 180: Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Chapter 181: Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma
Chapter 182: Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Chapter 183: Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor
Chapter 184: Intimal Sarcoma
SECTION 17: UNDIFFERENTIATED/UNCLASSIFIED SARCOMAS
Chapter 185: Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Chapter 186: CIC-Rearranged Sarcoma
Chapter 187: BCOR::CCNB3 Fusion-Positive Sarcoma
Chapter 188: EWSR1::NFATC2 Sarcoma
Chapter 189: EWSR1::PATZ1 Sarcoma
Chapter 190: NTRK-Rearranged Spindle Cell Neoplasms
Chapter 191: GLI1-Altered Epithelioid Mesenchymal Neoplasm
SECTION 18: MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Chapter 192: Benign Neural Polyps of Gastrointestinal Tract
Chapter 193: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Chapter 194: Gastrointestinal Schwannoma
Chapter 195: Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Neoplasms
Chapter 196: Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
Chapter 197: Gangliocytic Paraganglioma
Chapter 198: Plexiform Fibromyxoma
Chapter 199: Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor
Chapter 200: Gastroblastoma
SECTION 19: OTHER ENTITIES
BENIGN
Chapter 201: Amyloidoma
Chapter 202: Ganglion Cyst
Chapter 203: Tumoral Calcinosis
Chapter 204: Idiopathic Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesions
Chapter 205: Tenosynovitis With Psammomatous Calcifications
Chapter 206: Myxochondroid Metaplasia of Plantar Foot
Chapter 207: Cardiac Myxoma
Chapter 208: Cardiac Fibroma
Chapter 209: Congenital Granular Cell Epulis
Chapter 210: Sinonasal Tract Angiofibroma
Chapter 211: Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma
Chapter 212: Ectopic Meningioma and Meningothelial Hamartoma
Chapter 213: Glial Heterotopia
INTERMEDIATE
Chapter 214: Paraganglioma
Chapter 215: Peripheral Hemangioblastoma
Chapter 216: Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
Chapter 217: Ependymoma of Soft Tissue
MALIGNANT
Chapter 218: Metastatic Tumors to Soft Tissue Sites
Chapter 219: Neuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroblastoma
Chapter 220: Extraaxial Soft Tissue Chordoma
Chapter 221: Embryonal Sarcoma of Liver
Chapter 222: Primary Pulmonary Myxoid Sarcoma
Chapter 223: Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma
Chapter 224: Spindle Epithelial Tumor With Thymus-Like Elements
INDEX

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Diagnostic Pathology: Soft Tissue Tumors

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Matthew R. Lindberg