Diagnostic Pathology: Pediatric Neoplasms

PART 1: SKIN
Section 1: Benign

4 Blue Nevus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

8 Epidermal Nevus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

12 Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

14 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

18 Melanocytic Nevus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

24 Nevus Sebaceus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

26 Pilomatricoma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

30 Pyogenic Granuloma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

32 Rhabdomyomatous Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

34 Spitz Nevus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

38 Syringoma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

40 Trichilemmoma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

44 Trichoepithelioma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

48 Verruca Vulgaris
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

Section 2: Borderline

52 Dysplastic Nevus
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

Section 3: Malignant Primary

56 Malignant Melanoma
Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA

PART II: SOFT TISSUE
Section 1: Benign

66 Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

68 Calcifying Fibrous Tumor
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

70 Cellular Neurothekeoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

72 Congenital Hemangioma
Kandi Stallings-Archer, MD

76 Lipomatosis
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

78 Fetal Rhabdomyoma
Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath

82 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

84 Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma of Nerve
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath

86 Fibromatosis Colli
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath

88 Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
Jessica M. Comstock, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and
Karen S. Thompson, MD

90 Fibrous Histiocytoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

94 Fibrous Umbilical Polyp
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

96 Gardner Fibroma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

98 Giant Cell Fibroblastoma/Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

104 Glomuvenous Malformation
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

106 Infantile Hemangioma
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

110 Inclusion Body Fibromatosis
Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD

114 Infantile/Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis
Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD

116 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

122 Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

124 Lipoblastoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

126 Lipofibromatosis
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

128 Myofibroma and Myopericytoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD, Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

134 Myositis Ossificans
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

136 Neurofibroma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

142 Nodular Fasciitis
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

146 Proliferative Fasciitis/Myositis
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

148 Schwannoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

152 Spindle Cell Hemangioma
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

154 Tufted Angioma
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

Section 2: Borderline

158 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

160 Desmoid Fibromatosis
Karen S. Thompson, MD

164 Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

Section 3: Malignant Primary

170 Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

172 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
Jerad M. Gardner, MD

176 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

182 Epithelioid Sarcoma
Matthew R. Lindberg, MD

188 Infantile Fibrosarcoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

192 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma/Sclerosing
Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

196 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Karen S. Thompson, MD

202 Rhabdomyosarcoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

212 Synovial Sarcoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

218 Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas
Karen S. Thompson, MD

PART III: BONE AND JOINT
Section 1: Benign

222 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Jessica M. Comstock, MD

226 Chondroblastoma
Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

230 Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Kelley E. Capocelli, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

236 Enchondroma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD

238 Fibrous Dysplasia
Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD

240 Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

244 Non-Ossifying Fibroma
Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD

246 Osteoblastoma
Kelley E. Capocelli, MD

250 Osteochondroma
Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD

254 Osteofibrous Dysplasia
Karen S. Thompson, MD

256 Osteoid Osteoma
Kelley E. Capocelli, MD

262 Simple Bone Cyst
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

266 Synovial Lipomatosis (Hoffa Disease)
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

268 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

274 Adamantinoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

276 Chondrosarcoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

282 Chordoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

284 Ewing Sarcoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

290 Osteosarcoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

PART IV: BREAST
Section 1: Benign

304 Fibroadenoma
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

308 Fibrocystic Change
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

312 Gynecomastia
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

314 Juvenile Fibroadenoma
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

316 Juvenile Hypertrophy
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

318 Juvenile Papillomatosis
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

320 Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

324 Tubular Adenoma
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

Section 2: Borderline

328 Phyllodes Tumor
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

Section 3: Malignant Primary

334 Secretory Carcinoma
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and David G. Hicks, MD

PART V: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Section 1: Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors

340 Angiocentric Glioma
Tarik Tihan, MD, PhD and Melike Pekmezci, MD

346 Astroblastoma, MN1-Altered
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, Peter C. Burger, MD, and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

352 Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, B. K. Kleinschmidt- DeMasters, MD, and Melike Pekmezci, MD

354 Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered
Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

360 Diffuse Pediatric-Type High-Grade Glioma, H3- Wildtype and IDH-Wildtype
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

368 Ependymoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

376 Other Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

384 Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma
Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

386 Meningioangiomatosis
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

390 Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma/Glioneuronal Tumors, Including MYB-, MYBL1-, MAPK-Altered Tumors
Fausto J. Rodríguez, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

394 Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

400 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

406 Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young
Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD

410 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

Section 2: Choroid Plexus Tumors

418 Choroid Plexus Tumors
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

Section 3: Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors

428 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

434 Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Fausto J. Rodríguez, MD

446 Medulloblastoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

Section 4: Pineal Tumors

458 Pineal Parenchymal Tumors
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

Section 5: Tumors of the Sellar Region

468 Craniopharyngioma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD

474 Pituitary Blastoma
Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, B. K. Kleinschmidt-
DeMasters, MD, and Melike Pekmezci, MD

PART VI: ENDOCRINE
Section 1: Endocrine Tumors

482 Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms
Vania Nosé, MD, PhD

490 Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Vania Nosé, MD, PhD

496 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Vania Nosé, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

502 Neuroblastic Tumors
Jessica M. Comstock, MD, Karen S. Thompson, MD, and
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

514 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

PART VII: HEAD AND NECK
Section 1: Benign

524 Congenital Granular Cell Epulis
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

528 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

530 Pleomorphic Adenoma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Brenda L. Nelson, DDS, MS

536 Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

538 Sialoblastoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

542 Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

544 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Brenda L. Nelson, DDS, MS

550 Retinoblastoma
Jessica M. Comstock, MD

PART VIII: THORACIC
Section 1: Benign

556 Cardiac Fibroma
Aliya N. Husain, MD

558 Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
Aliya N. Husain, MD

560 Cystic Teratoma of Heart
Aliya N. Husain, MD

562 Conduction System Hamartoma
Bahig M. Shehata, MD

566 Laryngotracheal Papillomatosis
Aliya N. Husain, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

570 Pleuropulmonary Blastoma
Aliya N. Husain, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

574 Thymoma
David I. Suster, MD and Saul Suster, MD

PART IX: ALIMENTARY CANAL
Section 1: Benign

592 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Scott R. Owens, MD

596 Hamartomatous Polyps, Including Juvenile Polyps
Cameron Beech, MD

600 Inflammatory Polyps
Scott R. Owens, MD

604 Neuroendocrine Tumors
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

610 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD

PART X: LIVER/PANCREAS
Section 1: Benign

616 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

618 Hepatic Adenomas
Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD and Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD

622 Hepatic Hemangiomas
Angelica R. Putnam, MD

626 Islet Cell Adenoma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

628 Mesenchymal Hamartoma of Liver
Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

630 Nesidioblastosis
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

632 Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

636 Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD, Larissa V. Furtado, MD, and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

640 Hepatoblastoma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD, Karen S. Thompson, MD, and Angelica R. Putnam, MD

646 Pancreatoblastoma
Larissa V. Furtado, MD

650 Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD

654 Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Sanjay Kakar, MD and Grace E. Kim, MD

658 Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

PART XI: RENAL
Section 1: Benign

662 Pediatric Cystic Nephroma
Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD

666 Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy
Karen S. Thompson, MD

668 Renal Metanephric Tumors
Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Victor E. Reuter, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

Section 2: Malignant Primary

678 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

682 Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma
Aliya N. Husain, MD

686 Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney
Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD

690 SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma
Karen S. Thompson, MD

692 TFE3- and TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinomas
Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD

700 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Kristine Cornejo, MD and Christie L. Boils, MD

710 Nephroblastic Tumors, Including Wilms
Angelica R. Putnam, MD, Aliya N. Husain, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

PART XII: REPRODUCTIVE
Section 1: Germ Cell Tumors

724 Choriocarcinoma (Nongestational)
Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Esther Oliva, MD

726 Embryonal Carcinoma
David Shimizu, MD and Koah Vierkoetter, MD

730 Germinoma Family of Tumors
Silvia Skripenova, MD, Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD

734 Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ
Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD

740 Gonadoblastoma
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD

742 Teratomas
Karen S. Thompson, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD

750 Yolk Sac Tumor
Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD

Section 2: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors

756 Fibroma-Thecoma
Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD

758 Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor
Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD

760 Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD

PART XIII: HEMATOPOIETIC
Section 1: Malignant Primary

766 Acute Myeloid Leukemias
Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD

774 Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK (+)
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

782 Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Roberto N. Miranda, MD

794 B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias/Lymphomas
Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD

802 Burkitt Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

808 Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD

814 Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

822 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

828 Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
David R. Czuchlewski, MD

830 Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD

834 Mastocytosis
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

842 Myeloid Neoplasms With Germline Predisposition
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MD

844 Myeloid Proliferations Related to Down Syndrome
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MD

848 Myeloid Sarcoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

854 Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, Pei Lin, MD, and L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD

866 Overview of Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Roberto N. Miranda, MD

872 Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD

876 Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Mohammad A. Vasef, MD

882 Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Francisco Vega, MD, PhD

892 T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemias/Lymphomas
Mohammad A. Vasef, MD