Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine

A Comprehensive Guide

2nd Edition - March 22, 2018
Author: Giovanni Maciocia
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 4 4 1 4 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 7 5 1 0 - 0

Written by world-renowned author and teacher Giovanni Maciocia, Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive, highly illustrated, and easy-to-understand r… Read more

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Written by world-renowned author and teacher Giovanni Maciocia, Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive, highly illustrated, and easy-to-understand resource. With a focus on clear interpretations of "real world" signs and symptoms, this new edition addresses the practice beyond the theory and leads you through both basic and sophisticated levels of diagnostic interpretation. Since Chinese medicine diagnosis relies on a subtle appraisal of a patient's disharmony, many factors beyond traditional Western symptoms are considered, including a patient's voice, the absence of thirst, feeling hot or cold, the patient's smell, tone of voice, and glitter of eyes. This practical resource helps students and practitioners alike carefully interpret a wide range of diagnostic nuances.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Note on the Translation of Chinese Terms
End Notes
How to Use This Book
How to move between different parts of the book
Part 1 Diagnosis by Observation
Introduction
Introduction
Relationship between the five senses, the nine orifices, and the internal organs
Relationship between different areas of the face and the internal organs
Relationship between the five tissues and the internal organs
Relationship between the five sites of Qi transportation and the Yin organs
Manifestations of the five Yin organs
The twelve cutaneous regions
End Notes
Section 1 Observation of The Body, Mind and Complexion
Introduction
Introduction
1 Correspondence between an individual part and the whole
2 Observation of constitutional traits
End Notes
1 Observation of the Body Shape, Physique and Demeanour
1 Classification of body shape according to yin and yang
2 Classification of body shape according to the five elements
3 Classification of body shape according to pre-natal and post-natal influences
4 Classification according to type of body build
5 Classification of body shape according to pain and drug tolerance
End Notes
2 Observation of Mind, Spirit and Emotions
1 The three aspects of the Spirit
2 The three conditions of the Spirit
3 The Spirit and the constitution
4 The Spirit and the emotions
End Notes
3 Observation of Complexion Colour
1 Introduction
2 Observation of different aspects of complexion colour
3 Complexion colours
End Notes
4 Observation of Body Movements
1 Head
2 Face
3 Limbs and body
End Note
Section 2 Parts of The Body
Introduction
5 Observation of the Head, Face and Hair
1 Head
2 Face
3 Hair
6 Observation of the Eyes
1 Relationship between the internal organs and the eyes
2 Aspects of observation of the eyes
3 Observation of pathological signs of the eye
End Notes
7 Observation of the Nose
1 Pale nose
2 Yellow nose
3 Red nose
4 Bluish-greenish nose
5 Reddish-purple nose
6 Dark nose
7 Swollen nose
8 Flapping alae nasi (the outside of the nostrils)
9 Polyps
10 Dry nostrils
11 Nosebleed
12 Ulcers on the nose
13 Papules on the nose
End Notes
8 Observation of the Lips, Mouth, Palate, Teeth, Gums and Philtrum
1 Lips
2 Mouth
3 Palate
4 Teeth
5 Gums
6 Philtrum
End Notes
9 Observation of the Ears
1 Large ears
2 Small ears
3 Swollen ears
4 Contracted ears
5 Dry and contracted helix
6 Sores on the ear
7 Warts on the ear
8 Yellow helix
9 Pale helix
10 Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
11 Dark helix
12 Red helix
13 Red back of the ear
14 Distended blood vessels on the ear
15 Excessive wax production
16 Swelling and redness of the concha
17 Discharge from the ears
End Notes
10 Observation of Throat and Neck
1 Throat
Case History
2 Neck
11 Observation of the Back
1 Spine bent forward
2 Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
3 Spots on the back
4 Scoliosis
5 Lordosis
6 Kyphosis
7 Flattening of the lumbar spine
8 List of the spine
9 Rigidity of the lower back
10 Vesicles on the lower back
11 Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
12 Yellow colour of the lower back
13 Skin marks on the lower back
14 Boil on BL-23 shenshu
15 Papules or pustules on the buttocks
12 Observation of Female Breasts
1 Breast distension
2 Swollen breasts
3 Small breasts
4 Breast lumps
Case History
5 Redness and swelling of the breasts
6 Milky nipple discharge
7 Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
8 Bloody discharge from the nipple
9 Inverted nipples
10 Cracked nipples
11 Peau d'orange
End Note
13 Observation of the Heartbeat
The pulsation of Xu Li
1 Heartbeat displaced downwards
2 Heartbeat displaced upwards
3 Heartbeat displaced to the left
4 Heartbeat displaced to the right
5 Heartbeat below the xyphoid process
End Note
14 Observation of the Hands
1 Pale hands
2 Red dorsum of the hands
3 Red palms
4 Venules on the thenar eminence
5 Atrophy of the thenar eminence
6 Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
7 Tremor of the hands
8 Contraction of the fingers
9 Spoon-shaped fingers
10 Thin, pointed fingers
11 Swollen fingers
12 Cracked fingers
13 Tinea (ringworm)
14 Thickened fingers like cocoons
15 Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
16 Deformed knuckles
17 Dry, cracked, peeling palms
18 Sweaty palms
19 Hand lines
End Notes
15 Observation of the Nails
1 Ridged nails
2 Indented nails
3 Thin and brittle nails
4 Thickening of the nails
5 Coarse and thick nails
6 Withered and brittle nails
7 Withered and thickened nails
8 Cracked nails
9 Twisted nails
10 Nails falling off
11 Nails with white spots
12 Pale-white nails
13 Dull-white nails
14 Red nails
15 Yellow nails
16 Bluish-greenish nails
17 Dark nails
18 Purple nails
19 Curling nails
20 Flaking nails
21 Lunulae
22 Correspondence of nails to organ systems
16 Observation of the Chest and Abdomen
1 Chest
2 Abdomen
17 Observation of the Genitalia
1 Pubic hair
2 Scrotum
3 Penis
4 Vulva and vagina
End Note
18 Observation of the Four Limbs
1 Atrophy of the four limbs
2 Flaccidity of the four limbs
3 Rigidity of the four limbs
4 Paralysis of the four limbs
5 Contraction of the four limbs
6 Convulsions of the four limbs
7 Tremor or spasticity of the four limbs
8 Swelling of the joints of the four limbs
9 Oedema of the four limbs
19 Observation of the Legs
1 Legs
Case History
2 Gait
20 Observation of Excretions
1 Sputum
2 Nasal discharge
3 Sweat
4 Lochia
5 Urine
6 Stools
7 Vaginal discharge
8 Menstrual blood
21 Observation of the Skin
Overview
1 Skin signs
2 Skin diseases
Case History
End Notes
References
22 Observation of Children
1 Complexion
2 Orifices
3 Body movement
4 Spinal muscles
5 Veins on the index finger
6 Creases on the index finger
7 Root of the nose
Section 3 Tongue Diagnosis
Introduction
Introduction
23 Tongue Diagnosis
General principles
1 Conditions for examining the tongue
2 Areas of the tongue
3 Clinical significance of the tongue
End Note
24 Tongue-Body Colour
1 Tongue spirit
2 Tongue-body colour
3 Sublingual veins
End Note
25 Tongue-Body Shape
1 Thin
2 Swollen
3 Partially swollen
4 Stiff
5 Flaccid
6 Long
7 Short
8 Cracked
9 Deviated
10 Moving
11 Quivering
12 Tooth-marked
26 Tongue Coating
1 Physiology of the tongue coating
2 Clinical significance of the tongue coating
3 Presence or absence of a coating
4 Coating with or without root
5 Coating thickness
6 Coating distribution
7 Coating moisture
8 Coating texture
9 Tongue coating in external diseases
27 Tongue Images and Patterns
1 Qi deficiency
2 Yang deficiency
3 Blood deficiency
4 Yin deficiency
5 Phlegm and dampness
6 Heat
7 Cold
8 Qi and blood stagnation
9 Internal wind
10 External invasions of wind
Part 2 Diagnosis by Interrogation
Introduction
28 Introduction
1 Nature of diagnosis by interrogation
2 Nature of ‘symptoms’ in Chinese medicine
3 The art of interrogation: asking the right questions
4 Terminology problems in interrogation
5 Patients' expressions
6 Pitfalls to avoid in interrogation
7 Procedure for interrogation
8 Timescale of symptoms
9 Integration of interrogation with observation
10 Identification of patterns and interrogation
11 Tongue and pulse diagnosis: integration with interrogation
Case History
Case History
Case History (see Fig. 28.4)
Case History (Fig. 28.5)
12 The 10 traditional questions
13 The 16 questions
End Notes
29 Pain
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Area of pain
2 Nature of pain
3 Time of pain
4 Factors affecting pain
5 Organ versus channel pain
30 Food and Taste
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Introduction
2 Main patterns of digestive symptoms
3 Food
4 Appetite
5 Taste
6 Nausea and vomiting
Case History
7 Belching
8 Sour regurgitation
Case History
31 Stools and Urine
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Stools
Case History
Case History
2 Urine
32 Thirst and Drink
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Thirst
2 Dry mouth
3 Preference for hot or cold drinks
4 Absence of thirst
Case History
33 Energy Levels
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Historical background
2 Patterns causing tiredness
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
End Notes
34 Head
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Headache
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
2 Dizziness
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Case History
3 Feeling of distension of the head
4 Feeling of heaviness of the head
5 Feeling of muzziness (fuzziness) of the head
6 Brain noise
7 Numbness/tingling of the skin of the head
8 Itchy scalp
9 Feeling of cold of the head
10 Feeling of heat of the head
11 Fainting
Case History
35 Face
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Face
2 Nose
3 Teeth and gums
4 Mouth and lips
5 Tongue
End Notes
36 Throat and Neck
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Throat
Case History
2 Neck
End Note
37 Body
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Aches in the whole body
2 Pain in the joints
3 Lower backache
4 Numbness/tingling
5 Itching
6 Loss of weight
7 Obesity
38 Chest and Abdomen
1 Chest
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Case History
Case History
2 Abdomen
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Case History
Case History
39 Limbs
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Weakness of the limbs
2 Difficulty in walking (atrophy/flaccidity of limbs)
3 Feeling of distension of the limbs
4 Numbness/tingling of the limbs
Case History
5 Generalized joint pain
Case History
6 Tremor of limbs
Case History
Case History
7 Pain and inability to raise the arm
8 Pain in the elbow
9 Pain in the hands
10 Cold hands
11 Hot hands
12 Itchy hands
13 Numbness/tingling of the hands
14 Oedema of the hands
15 Pain in the hip
16 Pain in the thigh
17 Pain in the knees
18 Weak knees
19 Cold feet
20 Pain in the feet
21 Oedema of the feet
22 Pain in the soles
23 Burning sensation in the soles
24 Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
25 Cramps in the calves
26 Muscle ache in the limbs
40 Sleep
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Insomnia
2 Excessive dreaming
3 Somnolence
41 Sweating
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Clinical significance of sweating in exterior patterns
2 Clinical significance of sweating in interior patterns
3 Pathology of sweating
4 Classification of sweating
5 Absence of sweating
42 Ears and Eyes
1 Ears
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Case History
1 Eyes
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
43 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat and Fever
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Terminology
1 Feeling of cold
2 Simultaneous feeling of cold and fever in exterior conditions
3 Alternating feeling of cold and feeling of heat
Case History
4 Feeling of heat from internal causes
5 Internal fever
6 Five-palm heat
7 Contradictory feelings of cold and heat in internal conditions
End Notes
44 Mental-Emotional Symptoms
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Depression
2 Fear/anxiety
Case History
3 Irritability/anger
4 Worry
5 Sadness and grief
Case History
6 Excess joy
7 Mental restlessness
End Notes
45 Sexual Symptoms
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1 Men
2 Women
End Note
46 Women's Symptoms
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
Case History
1 Menstruation
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
2 Vaginal discharge
3 Fertility and pregnancy
Case History
Case History
Case History
4 Childbirth
5 Lactation
6 Miscarriage and abortion
7 Breast symptoms
Case History
8 Menopause
End Note
47 Children's Symptoms
1 Mother's pregnancy
2 Childbirth
3 Post-partum problems
4 Childhood diseases
5 Digestive symptoms
6 Respiratory symptoms and earache
7 Sleep
8 Immunizations
9 Slow development
48 Diagnosis of the Causes of Disease
1 Interactions between causes of disease
2 The five stages of life
3 The causes of disease
End Notes
Part 3 Diagnosis by Palpation
Introduction
49 Pulse Diagnosis
1 Introduction
2 The ‘nine regions’ of the pulse from the ‘yellow emperor's internal classic’
3 The pulse in the ‘classic of difficulties’
4 The three sections of the pulse
5 Assignment of pulse positions to organs
6 The three levels
7 Method of pulse-taking
8 Factors affecting the pulse
9 Attributes of the normal pulse
10 Guidelines for interpreting the pulse
11 Clinical application of pulse diagnosis
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
Case History
12 Integration of pulse and tongue diagnosis
13 Limitations of pulse diagnosis
End Notes
50 Pulse Qualities
The eight basic pulse qualities
Empty-type pulses
Full-type pulses
Pulses with irregularities of rate or rhythm
Three nontraditional pulse qualities
Classification of pulse qualities
Terminology
Pulse qualities indicating dangerous conditions
The influence of drugs on the pulse
End Notes
51 Palpation of Parts of the Body
1 Palpation of the chest and abdomen
2 Palpation of the skin
3 Palpation of hands and feet
4 Palpation of acupuncture points
End Notes
52 Palpation of Channels
1 The connecting channels
2 The muscle channels
3 Palpation of the channels in painful obstruction syndrome (Bi)
4 Palpation of channels
End Notes
Part 4 Diagnosis by Hearing and Smelling
Introduction
Introduction
End Notes
53 Diagnosis by Hearing
Introduction
1 Voice
2 Speech
3 Crying in babies
4 Breathing and sighing
5 Coughing and sneezing
6 Hiccup
7 Belching
8 Vomiting
9 Sighing
End Notes
54 Diagnosis by Smelling
Clinical significance
1 Body odour
2 Odour of bodily secretions
Part 5 Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
Introduction
Section 1 Symptoms and signs of parts of the body
Introduction
Introduction
55 Head and Face
1 Head
2 Hair and scalp
3 Face
End Notes
56 Face Colour
1 White/pale
2 Yellow
3 Red
4 Bluish/greenish
5 Purple
6 Dark
7 Sallow
8 Blushing
57 Ears
1 Tinnitus and/or deafness
2 Itchy ears
3 Earache
4 Bleeding from the ears
5 Discharge from the ears
6 Excessive wax production
7 Swollen ears
8 Contracted ears
9 Dry and contracted helix
10 Sores on the ear
11 Warts on the ear
12 Yellow helix
13 Pale helix
14 Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
15 Dark helix
16 Red helix
17 Red back of the ear
18 Distended blood vessels on the ear
19 Swelling and redness of the concha
58 Nose
1 Pale nose
2 Yellow nose
3 Red nose
4 Bluish-greenish nose
5 Reddish-purple nose
6 Dark nose
7 Sneezing
8 Blocked nose
9 Runny nose
10 Itchy nose
11 Dry nostrils
12 Nose bleed
13 Nose ache
14 Nose pain
15 Swollen nose
16 Bad smell
17 Loss of sense of smell
18 Polyps
19 Flapping alae nasi (outside of the nostrils)
20 Ulcers on the nose
21 Papules on the nose
59 Throat
1 Sore throat
2 Redness of the pharynx
3 Redness and swelling of the pharynx
4 Redness and erosion of the pharynx
5 Swollen tonsils
6 Phlegm in the throat
7 Goitre (swelling of the sides of the neck)
8 Itchy throat
9 Dry throat
10 Hoarse voice or loss of voice
11 White purulent spots in the throat
12 Feeling of obstruction of the throat
13 Redness on the throat
60 Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Gums, Lips, Palate, and Philtrum
1 Mouth
2 Tongue
3 Teeth
4 Gums
5 Lips
6 Palate
7 Philtrum
61 Eyes
1 Blurred vision and floaters
2 Itchy eyes
3 Dry eyes
4 Hot and painful eyes
5 Streaming eyes
6 Discharge from the eyes
7 Yellow eyes (sclera)
8 Red eyes (sclera)
9 Bluish-greenish eyes (sclera)
10 Dark eyes (sclera)
11 Red corners of the eyes
12 Pale corners of the eye
13 Stye
14 Red eyelids
15 Dark eyelids
16 Green eyelids
17 Pale eyelids
18 Swollen eyelids
19 Boil on the eyelid
20 Pain of the eyelids
21 Flapping eyelids
22 Drooping eyelids
23 Loss of control of the eyelids
24 Nodules within the eyelids
25 Small red grains inside the eyelids
26 Redness inside the lower lids
27 Strabismus
28 Myopia
29 Hyperopia
30 Decreased night vision
31 Glaucoma
32 Decreased visual acuity
33 Feeling of distension of the eyes
34 Protruding eyeball
35 Sunken eyeball
36 Scaly eyeballs
37 Ecchymosis under conjunctiva
38 Red veins in the eyes
39 Drooping red membrane
40 Red membrane in the corner of the eye
41 Red ring around the pupil
42 Corneal opacity
43 Scarring after corneal opacity
44 White specks
45 White membrane on the pupil in children
46 Yellow fluid between the pupil and the iris
47 Bleeding between the pupil and the iris
48 Staring, fixed eyes
49 Dilated pupils
50 Contracted pupils
51 Closed eyes
52 Open eyes
53 Quivering eyeball
54 Eyeball turning up
55 Inverted eyelashes
56 Sudden blindness
57 Cataract
62 Neck, Shoulders and Upper Back
Neck and shoulders
1 Stiff neck
2 Rigidity of the neck
3 Neck pain
4 Soft neck
5 Deviated neck
6 Wide neck
7 Thin neck
8 Swollen neck glands
9 Pulsation of the carotid artery
10 Shoulder ache
11 Frozen shoulder
Upper back
12 Upper backache
13 Cold upper back
14 Hot upper back
15 Stiffness of the back as if wearing a tight belt
63 Chest
1 Acute cough
2 Chronic cough
3 Coughing blood
4 Breathlessness
5 Wheezing
6 Chest pain
7 Pain in the ribs
8 Feeling of oppression of the chest
9 Feeling of distension of the chest
10 Feeling of heat of the chest
11 Heart feeling vexed
12 Palpitations
13 Palpitations under the heart
14 Feeling of stuffiness under the heart
15 Heart beat displaced downwards
16 Heart beat displaced upwards
17 Heart beat displaced to the left
18 Heart beat displaced to the right
19 Heart beat below the xyphoid process
20 Protruding chest
21 Sunken chest
22 Protruding sternum
23 Chest sunken on one side
24 Chest protruding on one side
25 Gynaecomastia
26 Yawning
27 Sighing
64 Limbs
1 Muscle ache in the limbs
2 Pain in the limbs
3 Cold hands and feet
4 Hot hands and feet
5 Numbness/tingling of the limbs
6 Weakness of the limbs
7 Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
8 Atrophy of the limbs
9 Flaccidity of the limbs
10 Oedema of limbs
11 Swelling of the joints of limbs
12 Rigidity of limbs
13 Paralysis of the limbs
14 Contraction of limbs
15 Feeling of distension of the limbs
16 Tremor or spasticity of limbs
18 Convulsions of the limbs
65 Arms
1 Pain in the elbow
2 Cold hands
3 Hot hands
4 Pale hands
5 Red dorsum of the hands
6 Red palms
7 Sweaty palms
8 Pain in the hands
9 Itchy hands
10 Numbness/tingling of the hands
11 Tremor of the hands
12 Oedema of the hands
13 Swollen fingers
14 Deformed knuckles
15 Contraction of the fingers
16 Spoon-shaped fingers
17 Thin, pointed fingers
18 Cracked fingers
19 Tinea (ringworm)
20 Thickened fingers
21 Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
22 Dry, cracked, and peeling palms
23 Venules on the thenar eminence
24 Atrophy of the thenar eminence
25 Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
26 Ridged nails
27 Thickening of the nails
28 Coarse and thick nails
29 Cracked nails
30 Nails falling off
31 Indented nails
32 Thin and brittle nails
33 Withered and brittle nails
34 Withered and thickened nails
35 Curling nails
36 Flaking nails
37 Twisted nails
38 Nails with white spots
39 Pale-white nails
40 Dull-white nails
41 Red nails
42 Yellow nails
43 Bluish-greenish nails
44 Dark nails
45 Purple nails
46 Small or absent lunulae
47 Large lunulae
66 Legs
1 Oedema of the feet
2 Atrophy of the legs
3 Paralysis of the legs
4 Festination
5 Unstable gait
6 Staggering gait
7 Stepping gait
8 Shuffling gait
9 Arched legs
10 Cold feet
11 Pain in the thigh
12 Pain in the hip
13 Pain in the knee
14 Pain in the foot
15 Weak knees
16 Stiff knees
17 Weakness of the legs
18 Feeling of heaviness of the legs
19 Restless legs
20 Tremor of the legs
21 Cramps in the calves
22 Pain in the groin
23 Lower leg ulcers
24 Toe ulcers
25 Pain in the soles
26 Burning sensation in the soles
67 Lower Back
1 Lower backache
2 Sciatica
3 Feeling of cold and heaviness of the lower back
4 Weakness of the lower back and knees
5 Stiffness of the lower back
6 Coccyx pain
7 Ulcers on the buttocks
8 Papules or pustules on buttocks
9 Scoliosis
10 Lordosis
11 Spine bent forward
12 Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
13 Spots on the back
14 Rigidity of the lower back
15 Vesicles on the lower back
16 Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
17 Yellow colour of the lower back
18 Skin marks on the lower back
19 Boils on BL-23 shenshu
20 Kyphosis
21 Flattening of lumbar spine
22 List of spine
68 Body
1 Body aches
2 Pain in the joints
3 Paralysis
4 Hemiplegia
5 Numbness/tingling
6 Numbness of half the body
7 Itching
8 Oedema
9 Obesity
10 Loss of weight
11 Jaundice
12 Twitching of muscles
13 Opisthotonos
69 Digestive System and Taste
Digestive System
Taste
70 Thirst and Drink
1 Thirst
2 Dry mouth
3 Absence of thirst
4 Increased salivation
71 Abdomen
Introduction
1 Pain in the area below the xyphoid process
2 Epigastric pain
3 Hypochondrial pain
4 Umbilical pain
5 Abdominal distension
6 Abdominal fullness
7 Feeling of cold in the abdomen
8 Feeling of pulsation under the umbilicus
9 Feeling of energy rising in the abdomen
10 Borborygmi
11 Flatulence
12 Central-lower abdominal pain
13 Lateral-lower abdominal pain
14 Distended abdominal veins
15 Abdominal masses
16 Small hypochondrial lumps
17 Oedema of the abdomen
18 Thin abdomen
19 Large abdomen
20 Sagging lower abdomen
21 Lumps in the epigastrium
22 Protruding umbilicus
23 Sunken umbilicus
24 Lines on the abdomen
25 Maculae on the abdomen
72 Defecation
1 Diarrhoea or loose stools
2 Diarrhoea with vomiting
3 Constipation
4 Alternation of constipation and loose stools
5 Incontinence of faeces
6 Blood and mucus in the stools
7 Mucus in the stools
8 Blood in the stools
9 Difficulty in defecation
10 Straining in defecation
73 Urination
1 Dark urine
2 Pale and abundant urine
3 Turbid urine
4 Painful urination
5 Scanty and difficult urination
6 Difficult urination
7 Frequent urination
8 Dribbling of urine
9 Incontinence of urine
10 Nocturnal enuresis
11 Urination at night
12 Blood in the urine
13 Sperm in the urine
74 Anus
1 Itching of the anus
2 Haemorrhoids
3 Anal prolapse
4 Anal fissure
5 Anal fistula
6 Anal ulcers
75 Men's Sexual and Genital Symptoms
1 Impotence
2 Lack of libido
3 Premature ejaculation
4 Nocturnal emissions
5 Inability to ejaculate
6 Blood in the sperm
7 Cold-watery sperm
8 Priapism
9 Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
10 Cold genitals
11 Contraction of the scrotum
12 Loose scrotum
13 Scrotum drooping to one side
14 Swollen scrotum
15 Swollen and oozing scrotum
16 Pale scrotum
17 Red scrotum
18 Purple scrotum
19 Dark scrotum
20 Itchy scrotum
21 Pain and itching of the penis
22 Soft and withered penis
23 Swelling and pain of the testicles
24 Redness and swelling of the glans penis
25 Peyronie's disease
26 Penis ulcers
27 Loss of pubic hair
28 Excessive pubic hair
76 Sweating
1 Spontaneous sweating
2 Night-sweating
3 Sweating from collapse
4 Yellow sweat
5 Unilateral sweating
6 Sweating on the head
7 Sweating on the chest
8 Sweating of hands and feet
9 Sweating of the palms
10.Sweating in the axillae
11 Absence of sweating
End Notes
77 Skin Signs
1 Greasy skin
2 Dry skin
3 Eczema
4 Psoriasis
5 Acne
6 Urticaria
7 Rosacea
8 Herpes simplex
9 Herpes zoster
10 Warts
11 Naevi (moles)
12 Tinea
13 Candida
14 Malignant melanoma
15 Furuncle (boil) on the head
16 Neck carbuncle
17 Neck ulcers
18 Rash in the axillae
19 Carbuncles on the upper back
20 Red, itchy and swollen fingers
21 Nodules under the skin
78 Emotional Symptoms
1 Propensity to anger
2 Propensity to worry
3 Sadness
4 Fear/anxiety
5 Easily startled
6 Excess joy
7 Mental restlessness
8 Severe timidity
9 Inappropriate laughter
79 Mental and Emotional Symptoms
1 Depression
2 Depression and manic behaviour
3 Anxiety
4 Irritability
5 Schizophrenia
80 Mental Difficulties
1 Poor memory
2 Difficulty in concentration
3 Learning difficulty in children
4 Hyperactivity
81 Sleep
1 Insomnia
2 Excessive dreaming
3 Somnolence
4 Sleep-talking
5 Sleep-walking
6 Snoring
References
82 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat, Fever
1 Feeling of cold, shivering
2 Fever
3 5-palm heat
4 Contradictory feelings of cold and heat
83 Voice, Speech and Sounds
1 Loud voice
2 Weak voice
3 Muffled voice
4 Hoarse voice
5 Nasal voice
6 Snoring
7 Slurred speech
8 Incoherent, incessant speech
9 Muttering to oneself
10 Delirious speech
11 Difficulty in finding words
12 Stuttering
13 Groaning
14 Crying out
Section 2 Gynaecological Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
Introduction
84 Menstrual Symptoms
1 Pale menstrual blood
2 Purple menstrual blood
3 Menstrual clots
4 Sticky menstrual blood
5 Watery menstrual blood
6 Early periods (short cycle)
7 Late periods (long cycle)
8 Irregular periods
9 Heavy periods
10 Scanty periods
11 Painful periods
12 No periods
13 Mid-cycle bleeding
14 Periods starting and stopping
15 Periods returning after the menopause
85 Problems at Period Time
1 Pre-menstrual tension
2 Headache
3 Breast distension
4 Fever
5 Body aches
6 Oedema
7 Diarrhoea
8 Constipation
9 Nose bleed
10 Mouth ulcers
11 Skin eruptions
12 Dizziness
13 Vomiting
14 Insomnia
15 Eye pain
86 Problems of Pregnancy
1 Morning sickness
2 Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
3 Abdominal pain during pregnancy
4 Threatened miscarriage
5 Oedema
6 Painful urination
7 Retention of urine
8 Blood in the urine
9 Constipation
10 Anxiety
11 Dizziness
12 Cough
13 Loss of voice
14 Feeling of suffocation
15 Convulsions
16 Foetus not growing
17 Breech presentation
18 Habitual miscarriage
87 Problems After Childbirth
1 Retention of placenta
2 Persistent lochial discharge
3 Retention of lochia
4 Abdominal pain
5 Vaginal bleeding
6 Urinary difficulty
7 Constipation
8 Sweating
9 Dizziness
10 Oedema
11 Fever
12 Joint pain
13 Hypochondrial pain
14 Breast milk not flowing
15 Spontaneous flow of milk
16 Post-natal depression/ psychosis
17 Collapse
18 Convulsions
19 Amenorrhoea after miscarriage
88 Breast Signs
1 Breast distension
2 Swollen breasts
3 Breast pain
4 Breast lumps
5 Redness and swelling of the breasts
6 Milky nipple discharge
7 Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
8 Bloody discharge from the nipple
9 Cracked nipples
10 Inverted nipples
11 Peau d'orange
12 Small breasts
89 Miscellaneous Gynaecological Symptoms
1 Infertility
2 Menopausal syndrome
3 Abdominal masses
4 Vaginal discharge
5 Vaginal itching
6 Genital eczema
7 Vulvar sores
8 Swelling of the vulva
9 Prolapse of uterus
10 Prolapse of vagina
11 Leukoplakia
12 Dyspareunia
13 Bleeding on intercourse
14 Lack of libido
15 Loss of pubic hair
16 Excessive pubic hair
End Notes
Section 3 Paediatric Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
Introduction
90 Children's Problems
1 Fever
2 Low-grade fever
3 Vomiting
4 Diarrhoea
5 Cough
6 Wheezing
7 Earache
8 Glue ear
9 Hot palms and soles
10 Constitutional weakness
11 Constipation in infancy
12 Retention of urine in infancy
13 Crying
14 Crying at night in babies
15 Disturbed sleep
16 Accumulation disorder
17 Pinworms
18 Roundworms
19 Nocturnal enuresis
20 Five flaccidities
21 Five retardations
22 Acute skin rash
23 Erysipelas
24 Jaundice
25 Chickenpox
26 Flapping nostrils
27 Mumps
28 Acute convulsions
29 Chronic convulsions
30 Foetus toxin
31 Sunken fontanelles
32 Raised fontanelles
33 Late closure of fontanelles
34 White spots on the palate and tongue
35 Long penis
Part 6 Identification of Patterns
Introduction
Introduction
Identification of patterns according to internal organs
Characteristics and points of attention in identification of patterns according to the internal organs
91 Heart Patterns
1 Heart-Qi deficiency
2 Heart-Yang deficiency
3 Heart-Yang collapse
4 Heart-Blood deficiency
5 Heart-Qi and Heart-Blood deficiency
6 Heart-Yin deficiency
7 Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
8 Heart-Qi and Heart-Yin deficiency
9 Deficiency of both Heart-Yang and Heart-Yin
10 Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
11 Heart-Qi stagnation
12 Heart-Fire blazing
13 Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
14 Phlegm misting the Mind
15 Heart-Blood stasis
16 Heart-Vessel obstruction
17 Water overflowing to the Heart
18 Turbid dampness surrounding the Heart
19 Combined patterns
92 Spleen Patterns
1 Spleen-Qi deficiency
2 Spleen-Yang deficiency
3 Spleen-Blood deficiency
4 Spleen-Qi sinking
5 Spleen not controlling Blood
6 Spleen-Yin deficiency
7 Spleen-Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat
8 Cold-Dampness in the Spleen
9 Damp-Heat in the Spleen
10 Spleen-Heat
11 Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
12 Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
13 Phlegm obstructing the Middle Burner
14 Yin Fire from deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen and original Qi
15 Combined Patterns
93 Liver Patterns
1 Stagnation of Liver-Qi
2 Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into heat
3 Rebellious Liver-Qi
4 Liver-Yang rising
5 Liver-Blood stasis
6 Liver-Fire blazing upwards
7 Damp-Heat in the liver
8 Damp-Heat in the Liver and gall-bladder
9 Liver-Wind
10 Liver-Wind harbouring Phlegm
11 Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
12 Liver-Blood deficiency with Phlegm
13 Stagnation of cold in the Liver channel
14 Liver-Blood deficiency
15 Liver-Yin deficiency
16 Liver-Qi deficiency
17 Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
18 Liver Phlegm-Fire
19 Liver-Yang deficiency
20 Combined patterns
End Notes
94 Lung Patterns
1 Lung-Qi deficiency
2 Lung-Yang deficiency
3 Lung-Yin deficiency
4 Lung-Yin deficiency with empty heat
5 Lung-QI and Lung-Yin deficiency
6 Lung-Dryness
7 Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Cold
8 Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Heat
9 Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Dryness
10 Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Water
11 Lung-Heat
12 Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
13 Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
14 Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
15 Phlegm-Dryness in the Lungs
16 Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
17 Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
18 Lung-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
19 Lung-Qi stagnation
20 Lung-Qi collapse
21 Combined patterns
95 Kidney Patterns
1 Kidney-qi deficiency
2 Kidney-yang deficiency
3 Kidney-yin deficiency
4 Kidney-yin deficiency with empty heat
5 Kidney-yang and kidney-yin deficiency (kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yin deficiency)
6 Kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yang deficiency
7 Kidney-qi not firm
8 Kidneys failing to receive qi
9 Kidney-essence deficiency
10 Kidney-yang deficiency, water overflowing
11 Kidney-yin deficiency, empty heat blazing
12 Kidney-yin deficiency with phlegm
13 Combined patterns
14 Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency
15 Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency with empty-heat
16 Kidney and heart not harmonized (kidney-yin and heart-yin deficiency with heart empty-heat)
17 Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency
18 Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency with empty-heat
19 Kidney-yang and spleen-yang deficiency
96 Small Intestine Patterns
1 Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
2 Small Intestine Qi pain
3 Small Intestine Qi tied
4 Small Intestine deficient and Cold
5 Infestation of worms in the Small Intestine
97 Stomach Patterns
1 Stomach-Qi deficiency
2 Stomach deficient and Cold (Stomach-Yang Deficiency)
3 Stomach-Yin deficiency
4 Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
5 Deficiency of Stomach-Yin and Stomach-Yang
6 Stomach-Qi stagnation
7 Blood Stasis in the Stomach
8 Stomach-Heat
9 Stomach-Fire
10 Stomach Phlegm-Fire
11 Stomach Damp-Heat
12 Cold invading the Stomach
13 Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards
14 Retention of food in the Stomach
98 Gall-Bladder Patterns
1 Damp-heat in the gall-bladder and liver
2 Damp-heat in the gall-bladder
3 Damp-cold in the gall-bladder
4 Gall-bladder heat
5 Gall-bladder deficient
6 Stagnation of the gall-bladder with phlegm-heat
99 Large Intestine Patterns
1 Damp-heat in the Large Intestine
2 Heat in the Large Intestine
3 Heat obstructing the Large Intestine
4 Cold invading the Large Intestine
5 Large Intestine Dryness
6 Large Intestine Cold
7 Dampness in the Large Intestine
8 Large Intestine deficient and Cold
9 Large Intestine deficient and Damp
10 Collapse of Large Intestine
100 Bladder Patterns
1 Damp-heat in the bladder
2 Damp-cold in the bladder
3 Bladder deficient and cold
Appendices
Appendix 1 Case Histories: Index
Appendix 2 Prescriptions
Note
Ai fu nuan gong wan
An shen ding zhi wan
Ba xian chang shou wan
Ba zhen tang
Ba zheng san
Bai he gu jin tang
Bai hu tang
Bai tou weng tang
Ban xia hou po tang
Ban xia tang
Bao he wan
Bao yin jian
Bao yuan tang
Bei mu gua lou san
Bu fei tang
Bu gan tang
Bu shen gu chong wan
Bu shen yang xue tang
Bu zhong yi qi tang
Cang er bi dou yan fang
Cang fu dao tan wan
Chai hu shu gan tang
Chang tai bai zhu san
Chen xiang jiang qi tang (stomach-qi stagnation)
Da bu yin wan
Da bu yuan jian
Da ding feng zhu
Dan shen yin
Dan zhi xiao yao san
Dang gui shao yao san
Dang gui si ni tang
Dang gui ji xue teng tang
Dang gui long hui wan
Dang gui gui zhi tang
Dao chi qing xin tang
Dao chi san
Di sheng tang
Di tan tang
Ding xiang shi di tang
Duo ming san
E jiao ji zi huang tang
Empirical prescription by dr chen jia xu for liver-qi deficiency
Er chen tang
Er zhi wan
Fo shou san
Fu tu dan
Fu zi li zhong wan
Gan cao gan jiang tang
Gan lu xiao du dan
Ge gen qin lian tang
Ge xia zhu yu tang
Gu tai jian
Gui pi tang
Gui shen wan
Gui zhi fu ling wan
Gui zhi tang
Gun tan wan
Hao qin qing dan tang
Hei shen san
Hua chong wan
Hua gan jian
Huang lian e jiao tang
Huang qi jian zhong tang
Huo po xia ling tang
Huo xiang zheng qi san
Jian ling tang
Jie du huo xue tang
Jin gui shen qi wan
Jin ling zi san
Jin suo gu jing wan
Jing fang si wu tang
Ju he wan
Ju pi zhu ru tang
Li yan cha
Li yin jian
Li zhong an hui tang
Li zhong tang
Lian mei an hui tang
Lian po yin
Liang di tang
Liang fu wan
Liang ge san
Liang shou tang
Ling gan wu wei jiang xin tang
Ling gui zhu gan tang
Ling jiao gou teng tang
Liu jun zi tang
Liu wei di huang wan
Long chi qing hun tang
Long dan bi yuan fang
Long dan xie gan tang
Lu jiao tu si zi wan
Ma huang tang
Ma xing shi gan tang
Ma zi ren wan
Mai men dong tang
Mu xiang liu qi yin
Nei bu wan
Nuan gan jian
Ping wei san
Qi ju di huang wan
Qing e wan
Qing gan tou ding tang
Qing gu san
Qing hai wan
Qing hao bie jia tang
Qing jing san
Qing luo yin
Qing qi hua tan tang
Qing re an tai yin
Qing re gu jing tang
Qing re tiao xue tang
Qing wei san
Qing ying tang
Qing zao jiu fei tang
Qing zao run chang tang
Qu tiao tang
Ren shen bu fei tang
Rou fu bao yuan tang
San jia fu mai tang
San miao hong teng tang
San ren tang
San zi yang qin tang
Sang ju yin
Sang piao xiao san
Sang xing tang
Sha shen mai dong tang
Shao fu zhu yu tang
Shao yao tang
She gan ma huang tang
Shen fu tang
Shen ge san
Shen ling bai zhu san
Shen qi si wu tang
Sheng hua tang
Sheng mai san
Sheng yang tang
Sheng yu tang
Shi pi yin
Shi xiao san
Shou tai wan
Si hai shu yu wan
Si jun zi tang
Si mo tang
Si ni tang
Si wu ma zi ren wan
Si wu tang
Su he xiang wan
Su zi jiang qi tang
Suo gong zhu yu tang
Suo quan wan
Tao he cheng qi tang
Tao hong si wu tang
Tian di jian
Tian ma gou teng yin
Tian tai wu yao san
Tian wang bu xin dan
Tiao wei cheng qi tang
Tiao zheng san
Tong you tang
Tu si zi wan
Wei ling san
Wei ling tang
Wen dan tang
Wen pi tang
Wen yang bu gan jian
Wu hu tang
Wu ling san
Wu mei wan
Wu ren wan
Wu yao san
Wu zhu yu tang
Wu zi yan zong wan
Xi jiao di huang tang
Xiang leng wan
Xiao chai hu tang
Xiao jian zhong tang
Xiao qing long tang
Xiao yao san
Xie bai san
Xie huang san
Xie xin tang
Xin yi qing fei yin
Xing su san
Xuan fu dai zhe tang
Xue fu zhu yu tang
Yan hu suo tang
Yang yin qing fei tang
Yi gan san
Yi guan jian
Yi jia zheng qi san
Yi wei tang
Yi yin jian
Yin chen hao tang
Yin jia wan
Yin qiao san
You gui wan
Yu nu jian
Yue ju wan
Zeng ye tang
Zhen gan xi feng tang
Zhen ren yang zang tang
Zhen wu tang
Zheng qi tian xiang san
Zhi bo di huang wan
Zhi gan cao tang
Zhi shi dao zhi wan
Zhi shi gua lou gui zhi tang
Zhu ye shi gao tang
Zuo gui wan
Zuo gui yin
Zuo jin wan
Appendix 3 History of Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
Pulse diagnosis
Channel diagnosis
Tongue diagnosis
End Notes
Appendix 4 The Classics Of Chinese Medicine
The Yellow Emperor's Classic Of Internal Medicine (between 300 and 100 BC, Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties)
The classic of difficulties (ca. 100 BC, Han dynasty)
Essential prescriptions of the golden chest (AD 220, Han dynasty)
The Pulse Classic (AD 280, Three Kingdoms Period)
Discussion of the origin of symptoms in diseases (AD 610, Sui dynasty)
Thousand golden ducats prescriptions (AD 652, Tang dynasty)
Discussion on Stomach and Spleen (1249, Song dynasty)
Qi Jing Ba Mai Kao (1578, Ming dynasty)
A study of the pulse by the pin hu lake master (1578, Ming dynasty)
Compendium of acupuncture (1601, Ming dynasty)
Classic of categories (1624, Ming dynasty)
Jing Yue Quan Shu (1624, Ming dynasty)
An explanation of the acupuncture points (1654, Qing dynasty)
Yi Zong Jin Jian (1742, Qing dynasty)
Discussion on blood patterns (1884, Qing dynasty)
End Notes
Pinyin-English Glossary of Chinese Terms
General
Symptoms and signs
Disease-symptoms
Vital substances
Emotions
Channels and points
Pulse positions
Pulse qualities
Methods of treatment
Pathogenic factors
Bibliography
Chinese Chronology
Index of Signs and Symptoms
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine

A Comprehensive Guide

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Giovanni Maciocia