Diagenesis, I

Introduction (K.H. Wolf, G.V. Chilingarian). 1. Ore-related diagenesis - an encyclopedic review (K.H. Wolf, G.V. Chilingarian). Part I - General aspects of ore diagenesis. General comments. Purpose and aim of an encyclopedic summary. Diagenesis: Part of methodological models and research and exploration analogues. General versus particular. Overview of ore-related diagenesis in terms of check-lists and catalogues. Definitions, terminologies, classifications; ranges, overlaps, transitions; limitations; parageneses. Part II - Parameters of diagenesis (i.e. that must be considered). Adsorption (sorption, desorption). Advection. Age (dating). Aging. Algae, algal mats. Association - assemblage of minerals. Bacteria. Barriers. Biological factors. Carbonates. Cementation. Chromium. Clay minerals. Climate. Coagulation. Coated grains. Colloids. Color. Compaction. Complexing. Concentration. Concretions - nodules. Copper. Coprecipitation. Crystallography. Cycles. Dating. Depth. Differentiation - fractionation - partitioning. Diffusion - dispersion. Distribution. Dolomitization - dolomite - dedolomitization. Eh-controls (oxidation, reduction). Electrodiagenesis. Energy. Entropy. Environments (depositional). Epigenesis. Estuary environments. Evaporites - evaporation. Evolution - development - trends. Facies. Fjord environments. Fluids (solutions). Fluid inclusions. Fluorite. Fracturing. Gases (volatiles). General (topics, references). Glauconite. Gold. Gossans. Heat. Historical development. Hydrology (fluid dynamics). Hydrothermal. Interstitial (pore) fluids. Ion-exchange. Ionic potential. Iron. Isotopes. Karst - karstification. Kupferschiefer-type deposits. Kuroko-type deposits. Lake/lacustrine environment. Leaching. Limestones. Magnesite. Magnetism. Manganese. Mass balance. Maturation (of sedimentary basins). Metamorphism. Mississippi Valley-type ores. Mixing (of fluids). Mobility (elemental). Multi-factorial. Multi-stage. Nucleation - nuclei. Oil - ore relationships. Organic matter. Osmosis. Paragenesis. pH. Phosphates - phosporites. Photochemistry. Pollution. Porosity - permeability. Precipitation. Pressure. Pyrite - pyritization. Rare earth elements (REE). Recrystallization. Red-beds. Reducing (anoxic, euxinic, stagnant, black shale). Remobilization - mobilization. Replacement. Reworking (chemical, mechanical). River environments. Salinity. Sandstones. Silification - silica - chert. Silver. Solubility. Solutions. Sources. Specialization. Structures - structural controls. Suspensate (-type diagenesis). Tectonism. Temperature. Textures - microstructures - fabrics. Thermodynamics. Thixotropy. Time - rate - residence time.
Transportation. Traps (diagenetic traps). Unconformity - control. Uniformitarianism. Upwelling. Uranium. Volcanic - exhalative processes (hydrothermal - diagenesis). Water (including ocean seawater). Weathering - supergenesis. Zoning. Epilogue - brief notes on criteria and models. Criteria or evidence of diagenesis. Conceptual models of ore genesis. 2. Sandstone diagenesis in relation to preservation, destruction and creation of porosity (K. Bjørlykke). Introduction. Mechanical compaction. Porewater composition and porewater flow. Reduction in porosity due to precipitation of cement. Formation of new porosity during diagenesis (secondary porosity). Alternative sources of acid reactions during deep burial. Diagenesis and plate-tectonic setting. Clastic diagenesis and the properties of sandstone reservoir. Analytical and petrographic methods used in the study of diagenesis of sandstones. Conclusions. Future research. Subject Index.