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Diabetic Neuropathy
1st Edition - February 16, 2022
Editor: Mitra Tavakoli
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 6 6 9 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 0 6 7 0 - 6
Diabetic Neuropathy identifies the most accurate early biomarkers of nerve damage to better understand pathophysiology and diagnose diabetic neuropathy in the clinical care of… Read more
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Diabetic Neuropathy identifies the most accurate early biomarkers of nerve damage to better understand pathophysiology and diagnose diabetic neuropathy in the clinical care of patients, and in particular, permit an accurate evaluation of future therapies in clinical trials. This succinct reference focuses on the current data and research on diabetic neuropathy and is essential reading for researchers in endocrinology, neurology and pharmacology, along with clinicians that need to better understand the novel pathogenetic pathways leading to diabetic neuropathy and the treatments.
- Serves as a starting point for researchers and medical professionals on risk factors, prevention and newly discovered mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and eventually treatments of diabetic neuropathy
- Discusses a broad range of issues relating to diabetic neuropathy, from epidemiology, to pathophysiology, genetics, advances in diagnostic techniques, and the latest clinical trials and clinical management
Endocrinologists, diabetologists, neurologists, general practitioners, physician assistants
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- List of contributors
- About the editor
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. Classification, risk factors, and clinical presentation diabetic neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Classification
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2. Pathologic basis for diabetic neuropathy in humans
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Classification of diabetic neuropathy
- Basic pathologic changes in several types of neuropathy
- Sensory nerve pathology
- Motor nerve pathology
- Autonomic nerve pathology
- Implication of microangiopathy in diabetic polyneuropathy
- Pathology of nerve microenvironment
- Skin biopsy
- Conclusion
- Declaration of competing interests
- References
- Chapter 3. Electrodiagnostic evaluation in diabetic neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy
- Nerve conduction parameters and correlation with pathology
- Physiological changes in nerve function in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and correlation with nerve conduction studies
- Which nerves to choose and what parameters to test
- How to diagnose diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy with nerve conduction studies
- Evolution from subclinical to clinical diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy
- Nerve conduction studies features in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Impact of treatment in nerve conduction studies
- Atypical features in nerve conduction studies—demyelinating features in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and when to suspect chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
- Nerve conduction studies in predicting prognosis
- Vibration perception thresholds in diabetic neuropathy
- Electromyography in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy
- Limitations of nerve conduction studies
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4. Advances in screening, early diagnosis, and accurate staging of diabetic neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diagnostic tests for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 5. Skin biopsy analysis in diabetic neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Advantages and disadvantages of skin biopsies
- IENFD quantification in nondiabetic etiologies
- How and where to take a skin punch biopsy following EFNS/PNS guidelines
- Freezing the biopsy
- Staining protocol for IENFD analysis
- IENFD quantification
- Diagnostic accuracy of IENFD analysis in DN
- Relationship between skin biopsy outcomes and symptoms or signs of DN
- Other morphological changes
- Alternative markers used on skin biopsies
- Biomarkers of pain pathophysiology
- Autonomic structures
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6. Central nervous system involvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Abstract
- Painful diabetic neuropathy
- Central nervous system changes in response to peripheral nerve injury and how these changes result in chronic pain in diabetes
- Clinical implications
- Future direction
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7. Spinal cord involvement in diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Glucotoxicity in the spinal cord
- Spinal cord pathology associated with diabetes and neuropathy
- Studies in animal models of diabetes
- Clinical studies of spinally mediated pain in diabetes
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 8. The conundrum and enigma of painful and painless neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Clinical presentations and highly variable patterns of neuropathy
- Risk factors for developing diabetic peripheral and neuropathic pain
- Huge unmet clinical needs and treatment challenges
- Current status for detecting painful and painless neuropathy
- Early detection and prevention
- Similarities in treatment of painful and painless neuropathy
- Deep sensory profiling and mechanism-based treatment in painful and painless neuropathy
- Novel clinical endpoints and research methodologies
- Perspectives
- References
- Chapter 9. Motor dysfunction in diabetes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Motor nerve dysfunction
- Muscle strength and functional impairments
- Muscular composition and structure
- References
- Chapter 10. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, measurement and management; part 1: measurement
- Abstract
- Autonomic neuropathy
- A history of assumption and approximation quantified
- Diabetes: also considered a model of the effect of chronic disease on P&S activity over time
- Earlier detection and earlier intervention
- Diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 11. Diabetic neuropathy in children and youth
- Abstract
- Background
- Definitions and classifications
- Epidemiology
- Clinical presentations
- Risk factors
- Screening and diagnosis
- Diabetic neuropathy, quality of life, and mortality
- Managing diabetic neuropathy
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 12. Treatment-induced painful diabetic neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Potential mechanisms and pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnostic methods
- Management of symptoms associated with treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes
- Outcomes of treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes and association with other microvascular complications
- Discussion
- Declaration of competing interests
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 13. Health economics of diabetic foot disease: costs of diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Background
- Cost-of-illness studies on diabetic foot disease
- Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of diabetic foot disease-related interventions
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14. Diabetic foot
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of diabetic foot problems
- Risk assessment
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Peripheral neuropathy and autoimmune disease
- Charcot neuroarthropathy
- Management of diabetic foot ulceration
- Antibiotic-resistant organisms
- Treatment of infection in diabetic foot disease
- References
- Chapter 15. Management of diabetic foot disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Management of diabetic foot ulceration
- Charcot neuroarthropathy “Charcot foot”
- Surgical management of the diabetic foot
- Future outlook
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16. Strategies for the prevention or reversal of neuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Improved glycemic control
- Lifestyle interventions
- Bariatric surgery
- Dietary interventions
- Multifactorial treatment
- Treatment based on pathogenic concepts
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 17. Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: technologies, exercise, and alternative treatments
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Technologies
- Exercise
- Alternative treatments
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 18. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy
- Abstract
- Epidemiology and historical trials in diabetic polyneuropathy
- Glucose control and diabetic polyneuropathy
- Treatment of pain in diabetic polyneuropathy
- Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Antiepileptic drugs
- Opioids
- Supplements and alternative treatments for painful diabetic polyneuropathy
- Cannabidiol and cannabis-derived treatments
- Exercise and nonpharmacologic treatments
- Emerging treatments and recent trials
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, measurement and management; part II: management
- Abstract
- Autonomic neuropathy
- Earlier detection and earlier intervention
- Disease initiation and progression of neuropathy
- Treating diabetic autonomic dysfunction and neuropathy
- Acknowledgements and disclaimers
- References
- Chapter 20. Translating a treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy from rodents to humans: can a case be made for fish oil and salsalate?
- Abstract
- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and cardiovascular health
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and vascular dysfunction
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and peripheral neuropathy related to obesity and insulin resistance
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- References
- Chapter 21. Bedside clinical features and translational snapshots of diabetic polyneuropathy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Symptoms
- Examination
- Complications
- Neuropathy scales
- Clinical trials in DPN, a recent snapshot
- Translational opportunities
- Conclusions
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 398
- Language: English
- Published: February 16, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128206690
- eBook ISBN: 9780128206706
MT
Mitra Tavakoli
Professor Mitra Tavakoli is Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Exeter and is distinguished for her significant contribution to our understanding of the small fibre neuropathy at diabetes and establishing the technique of “Corneal Confocal Microscopy”. She is an internationally recognised researcher in diabetes care, with a significant focus on innovation and bringing new ideas to the field.
Her recent work elucidated the role of intervention for the regeneration of nerves at type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Her ongoing research into understanding the role of novel intervention at rare models of neuropathies, which initiated a new direction of research.
Dr Tavakoli has been the lead investigator in several national and international multisite clinical trials and a Chief Investigator in major clinical trials. Her research is funded mainly by Industry, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), National Institute of Health (NIH). She has published over 75 peer-reviewed scientific papers and textbook chapters and in excess of 100 abstracts. She regularly speaks at international and national conferences and meetings. In addition, she is widely respected for training scientists across the world. She spearheads new technologies and contributes to the major UK and international collaborations.
Affiliations and expertise
University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK