Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

1st Edition, Volume 53-3 - April 11, 2023
Editors: Thomas K. Graves, Chen Gilor
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 4 0 2 3 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 4 0 2 4 - 5

In this issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. Thomas K. Graves and Chen Gilor bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Diabetes Mellitus… Read more

Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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In this issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. Thomas K. Graves and Chen Gilor bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as hypoglycemia and autonomic failure in dogs; anesthetic considerations in dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus; insulin therapy in dogs and cats; hypersomatotropism and other causes of insulin resistance in cats; and more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs
Key points
Introduction
Classification and description
Underlying risk factors
Pathophysiology
Future perspectives on precision diabetes management
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosures
Pathophysiology of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Diabetic Remission in Cats
Key points
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus in cats
Factors contributing to diabetes mellitus development in cats
Prediabetes in cats
Diabetic remission in cats
Glucose tolerance in diabetic remission
Disclosure
Supplementary data
Diabetes Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome in Companion Animals
Key points
Definitions
Demographics
Ketogenesis
Predisposition and pathogenesis of diabetes ketoacidosis and euglycemic diabetes ketoacidosis
Predisposition and pathogenesis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Predisposition and pathogenesis of hyperosmolar diabetes ketoacidosis
Clinical history of diabetes ketoacidosis in dogs and cats
Physical examination findings
Clinical diagnosis of diabetes ketoacidosis
Other diagnostic tests
Clinical management of diabetes ketoacidosis
Outcome of dogs and cats with diabetes ketoacidosis
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Glucose Counterregulation: Clinical Consequences of Impaired Sympathetic Responses in Diabetic Dogs and Cats
Key points
Introduction
Frequency of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs and cats
Clinical signs of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic dogs and cats
Glucagon responses to hypoglycemia are largely mediated by activation of the autonomic nervous system
Impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
The “Somogyi effect”: time to let it go
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Diabetes Mellitus and the Kidneys
Key points
Introduction
Summary
Clinics care points
Declaration of Interests
Anesthetic Considerations in Dogs and Cats with Diabetes Mellitus
Key points
Introduction
Anesthetic considerations and management
Disclosure
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Dogs and Cats: Application of New Technology to an Old Problem
Key points
Introduction
Continuous glucose monitoring systems
Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems
New Technologies
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Routine Clinical Practice: Published Evidence
Future perspective
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Supplementary data
Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 1: General Principles
Key points
Introduction
The choice of insulin depends on the specific clinical scenario
Pathophysiology: insulin requirements on the diabetes spectrum
Principles of insulin pharmacology
Compliance, adherence, convenience, and cost
Goals of therapy for the specific patient
Clinics care points
Declaration of Interests
Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 2: Cats
Key points
Introduction
Pathophysiology: insulin requirements on the diabetes spectrum
Timing of insulin injection in conjunction with feeding
Glucose variability in different strategies of insulin therapy
Goals of therapy for the specific patient
Guidelines for choosing insulin formulations
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 3: Dogs
Key points
Introduction
Insulin physiology and pathophysiology
Managing Inappetence and Gastrointestinal Signs
Goals of therapy for the specific patient
Formulation-specific considerations
KeyPoints
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Nutritional Management of Cats and Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus
Key points
Introduction
Summary
Declaration of Interests
The Future of Diabetes Therapies: New Insulins and Insulin Delivery Systems, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogs, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors, and Beta Cell Replacement Therapy
Key points
Introduction
Ultra-long-acting insulins
Glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies
Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors
Non-injectable insulins
Continuous insulin infusion
Smart insulin
Beta cell replacement therapy
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Hypersomatotropism and Other Causes of Insulin Resistance in Cats
Key points
Introduction
Lack of glucose response to insulin-true insulin resistance
Hypersomatotropism
Prevalence and cause
Clinical presentation
Characteristics of diabetes mellitus secondary to hypersomatotropism
Diagnosis
Insulin-like growth factor-1 dynamics and impact on diagnosis
Imaging
Treatment
Prognosis
Hypercortisolism
Prevalence and etiology
Clinical presentation and characteristics of diabetes mellitus secondary to hypercortisolism
Diagnosis
Imaging
Treatment options for hypercortisolism
Medical treatment (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)
Hypophysectomy (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)
Unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy (adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism or pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)
Radiation therapy (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism)
Quality of life and prognosis
Clinics care points
Disclosure
Cushing’s Syndrome and Other Causes of Insulin Resistance in Dogs
Key points
Insulin resistance
Cushing syndrome
The effect of Cushing-associated dysglycemia in diabetic dogs
Diagnosis of canine hypercortisolism
Diestrus
Obesity
Summary
Clinics care points
Disclosure

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Diabetes Mellitus in Cats and Dogs, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Thomas K. Graves

Chen Gilor