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Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
- 4th Edition - November 20, 2017
- Authors: Jean L. Bolognia, Julie V. Schaffer, Lorenzo Cerroni
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 8 0 7 4 - 5
With more complete, authoritative coverage of basic science, clinical practice of both adult and pediatric dermatology, dermatopathology, and dermatologic surgery than you'll fi… Read more
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Request a sales quoteWith more complete, authoritative coverage of basic science, clinical practice of both adult and pediatric dermatology, dermatopathology, and dermatologic surgery than you'll find in any other source, Dermatology, 4th Edition, is the gold-standard reference in the field today. Drs. Jean L. Bolognia, Julie V. Schaffer, and Lorenzo Cerroni bring their considerable knowledge and experience to this two-volume masterwork, ensuring its reliability and usefulness for both residents and practitioners.
- Cover image
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Video Table of Contents
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- User Guide
- Volumes, Sections and Color Coding
- Volume One
- Volume Two
- Dedication
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Past Editors
- Figures and Tables
- Volume One
- Section One Overview of Basic Science
- 0 Basic Principles of Dermatology
- References
- The Skin Biopsy
- Classification of Inflammatory Skin Diseases by Pattern Analysis
- Deposition of Materials Within the Skin
- Histologic Stains
- Immunohistochemical Testing
- References
- Conclusion
- References
- 1 Anatomy and Physiology
- Introduction
- Structure and Function
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 2 Skin Development and Maintenance
- Introduction
- Embryonic Origin of the Skin
- Epidermal Development
- Development of Specialized Cells Within the Epidermis
- Development of the Dermis and Subcutis
- Development of the Dermal–Epidermal Junction
- Development of Skin Appendages (Adnexae)
- Skin Stem Cells
- Prenatal Diagnosis of Genodermatoses
- Significance of Skin Development in Postnatal Life
- References
- 3 Molecular Biology
- Introduction
- Experimental Techniques
- Conclusions
- Copyright notice
- References
- 4 Immunology
- Introduction
- Innate Immune Response
- Adaptive Immune Response
- References
- Section Two Pruritus
- 5 Cutaneous Neurophysiology
- Introduction
- Pruritus Pathways
- Mediators of Pruritus
- Chronic Itch
- Treatment of Pruritus
- Future Directions
- References
- 6 Pruritus and Dysesthesia
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Evaluation of the Patient
- Pruritus in Dermatologic Disease
- Dermatoses Induced by Pruritus-Associated Scratching or Rubbing
- Pruritus in Specific Locations
- Pruritus Variants
- Pruritus in Systemic Disease
- Pruritus in Pregnancy
- Pharmacologic Pruritus
- Psychogenic Pruritus
- Neurologic Etiologies of Pruritus and Dysesthesia
- Treatment
- References
- 7 Psychocutaneous Diseases
- Introduction
- Overview
- Primary Psychiatric Disorders With Dermatologic Manifestations
- Secondary Psychiatric Disorders Resulting From Dermatologic Conditions
- Treatment
- References
- Section Three Papulosquamous and Eczematous Dermatoses
- 8 Psoriasis
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology and Genetics
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Differential Diagnosis
- Pathology
- Treatment
- References
- e-References
- 9 Other Papulosquamous Disorders
- Small Plaque Parapsoriasis
- Large Plaque Parapsoriasis
- Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta and Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica
- Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
- Pityriasis Rosea
- Pityriasis Rotunda
- Granular Parakeratosis
- References
- 10 Erythroderma
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 11 Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Dermatoses
- Lichen Planus
- Lichen Striatus
- Lichen Nitidus
- Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans
- Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica
- Actinic Lichen Nitidus (Summertime Actinic Lichenoid Eruption)
- Annular Lichenoid Dermatitis (Of Youth)
- References
- 12 Atopic Dermatitis
- Introduction
- History and Definitions
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 13 Other Eczematous Eruptions
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Asteatotic Eczema
- Disseminated Eczema (Autosensitization)
- Nummular Dermatitis
- Pityriasis Alba
- HTLV-Associated Infective Dermatitis
- Regional Eczematous Disorders
- References
- 14 Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Introduction
- History of Patch Testing
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment and Patient Education
- Allergens
- Textile Dermatitis
- Rubber Chemicals
- Systemic Contact Dermatitis
- Airborne Contact Dermatitis
- References
- 15 Irritant Contact Dermatitis
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Treatment
- References
- 16 Occupational Dermatoses
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- The Occupational Dermatoses
- References
- 17 Dermatoses Due to Plants
- Introduction
- Immunologic Contact Urticaria
- Toxin-Mediated (Non-Immunologic) Contact Urticaria
- Mechanical Irritant Dermatitis
- Chemical Irritant Dermatitis
- Phytophotodermatitis
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis (See Ch. 14)
- Occupational Plant Dermatoses
- Dermatoses Erroneously Ascribed to Plants
- References
- Section Four Urticarias, Erythemas and Purpuras
- 18 Urticaria and Angioedema
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- References
- 19 Figurate Erythemas
- Introduction
- Erythema Annulare Centrifugum
- Erythema Marginatum
- Erythema Migrans
- Erythema Gyratum Repens
- References
- 20 Erythema Multiforme, Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- Erythema Multiforme
- Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
- References
- 21 Drug Reactions
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnostic Features
- Clinical Features
- Treatment
- References
- 22 Purpura
- Purpura
- Coagulation
- Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents
- Selected Purpura Syndromes
- References
- 23 Cutaneous Manifestations of Microvascular Occlusion Syndromes
- Introduction
- Disorders of Platelet-Related Thrombopathy
- Disorders of Cryoprecipitation or Cryoagglutination
- Disorders of Occlusion by Opportunistic Organisms Proliferating Within Vessels
- Disorders of Occlusion by Emboli
- Systemic Coagulopathies With Cutaneous Manifestations
- Disorders of Vascular Coagulopathies With Cutaneous Manifestations
- Disorders of Cell-Related Vascular Occlusion
- Disorders of Occlusion, Miscellaneous
- References
- 24 Cutaneous Vasculitis
- Introduction
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- General Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Cutaneous Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Predominantly Small and Medium-Sized Vessel Vasculitides
- Predominantly Medium-Sized Vessel Vasculitis
- Temporal Arteritis
- Diagnostic Approach to Patients With Vasculitis
- References
- e-References
- 25 Eosinophil-Associated Dermatoses
- Eosinophil Biology
- Tissue Effects and Innate Immunity
- Eosinophil-Associated Dermatoses
- Granuloma Faciale
- Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
- Wells Syndrome
- Hypereosinophilic Syndromes
- References
- 26 Neutrophilic Dermatoses
- Neutrophil Biology
- Sweet Syndrome
- Pyoderma Gangrenosum
- Behçet Disease
- Bowel-Associated Dermatosis–Arthritis Syndrome
- Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis (SAPHO) Syndrome
- Copyright notice
- References
- 27 Pregnancy Dermatoses
- Pemphigoid Gestationis
- Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy
- Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
- Atopic Eruption of Pregnancy
- Approach to the Pregnant Woman With Pruritus
- Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
- Dermatoses Influenced by Pregnancy
- Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis
- References
- Section Five Vesiculobullous Diseases
- 28 The Biology of the Basement Membrane
- Introduction
- Origin of the Epidermal Basement Membrane
- Basal Keratinocytes: Hemidesmosome-Anchoring Filaments and Other Integrin Complexes
- The Lamina Densa
- Anchoring Fibrils and the Sublamina Densa Region
- The Epidermal Basement Membrane in Bullous Diseases
- Summary
- References
- 29 Pemphigus
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 30 Pemphigoid Group
- Bullous Pemphigoid
- Mucous Membrane (Cicatricial) Pemphigoid
- Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
- References
- 31 Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis
- References
- 32 Epidermolysis Bullosa
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Approach to Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Kindler Syndrome
- References
- 33 Other Vesiculobullous Diseases
- Bullosis Diabeticorum
- Coma Blisters
- Friction Blisters
- Bullous Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Bullous Drug Eruptions
- Bullous Insect Bite Reactions
- Delayed Postburn/Postgraft Blisters
- Edema Blisters
- Additional Vesiculobullous Disorders
- References
- 34 Vesiculopustular and Erosive Disorders in Newborns and Infants
- Common Causes
- Uncommon and Rare Causes
- Very Rare Disorders
- References
- Section Six Adnexal Diseases
- 35 Structure and Function of Eccrine, Apocrine and Sebaceous Glands
- Eccrine, Apocrine, and Apoeccrine Sweat Glands
- Sebaceous Glands
- References
- 36 Acne Vulgaris
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology, Including Genetic and Dietary Factors
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 37 Rosacea and Related Disorders
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Treatment
- Rosacea-Like Disorders
- References
- 38 Folliculitis and Other Follicular Disorders
- Introduction
- Superficial Folliculitis
- Disorders of Follicular Keratinization
- Deep Folliculitis
- Trichostasis Spinulosa
- Viral-Associated Trichodysplasia
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 39 Diseases of the Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands
- Sweat Glands
- Hyperhidrosis
- Hypohidrosis and Anhidrosis
- Abnormalities and Alterations of Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Composition
- Diagnostic Microscopic Changes in Eccrine Sweat Glands
- Influence of Sweat on Skin Diseases
- Additional Disorders of the Eccrine Sweat Gland
- Disorders of the Apocrine Sweat Gland
- References
- Section Seven Rheumatologic Dermatology
- 40 Autoantibodies Encountered in Patients with Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- FANA: the Classic ANA Assay
- Clinical Significance of ANA
- Autoantibodies Encountered in Lupus Erythematosus
- Autoantibodies Encountered in Idiopathic Inflammatory Dermatomyopathies
- Autoantibodies Encountered in Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Morphea (Localized Scleroderma)
- Autoantibodies Encountered in Other Rheumatic Disorders That Can Affect the Skin
- References
- 41 Lupus Erythematosus
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 42 Dermatomyositis
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation
- Treatment
- References
- 43 Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders
- Systemic Sclerosis
- Eosinophilic Fasciitis
- Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
- Stiff Skin Syndrome
- Sclerodermoid Syndromes Induced by Exogenous Substances
- References
- 44 Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus
- Morphea
- Lichen Sclerosus
- References
- 45 Other Rheumatologic Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Still Disease)
- Adult-Onset Still Disease
- Relapsing Polychondritis
- Sjögren Syndrome
- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
- Extra-Articular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Section Eight Metabolic and Systemic Diseases
- 46 Mucinoses
- Introduction
- Classification
- Primary Degenerative–Inflammatory Mucinoses
- Primary Hamartomatous–Neoplastic Mucinoses
- References
- 47 Amyloidosis
- Introduction
- Primary (Localized) Cutaneous Amyloidosis
- Secondary Cutaneous Amyloidosis
- Systemic Amyloidosis
- Appendix
- References
- 48 Deposition Diseases
- Introduction
- Gout
- Pseudogout
- Lipoid Proteinosis
- Colloid Milium
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- References
- 49 Porphyria
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
- The Non-Acute Porphyrias
- The Acute Porphyrias
- Appendix
- References
- 50 Calcifying and Ossifying Disorders of the Skin
- Cutaneous Calcification
- Cutaneous Ossification (Osteoma Cutis)
- Laboratory Evaluation of Patients With Cutaneous Calcification and Ossification
- References
- 51 Nutritional Diseases
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 52 Graft-versus-Host Disease
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 53 Dermatologic Manifestations in Patients with Systemic Disease
- Cutaneous Rheumatology
- Cutaneous Hematology and Oncology
- Cutaneous Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease
- Cutaneous Gastroenterology
- Other Systemic Diseases With Cutaneous Manifestations
- References
- Section Nine Genodermatoses
- 54 Basic Principles of Genetics
- Genetic Diseases
- Identification of Disease Genes
- References
- 55 Genetic Basis of Cutaneous Diseases
- Introduction
- Mckusick's Mendelian Inheritance in MAN
- Genotype–Phenotype Correlations
- Molecular Classification of Hereditary Skin Disorders
- Contiguous Gene Syndromes
- Cutaneous Mosaicism
- Revertant Mosaicism
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Insight Into Acquired Skin Disorders Provided by the Study of Genodermatoses
- Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
- Treatment for Hereditary Skin Disorders
- References
- 56 Biology of Keratinocytes
- Introduction
- The Epidermis: Structure and Function
- Keratin Intermediate Filaments
- Epidermal Differentiation
- Keratinocyte Adhesion
- Keratinocyte–Matrix Interactions
- Related Diseases
- Conclusion
- References
- 57 Ichthyoses, Erythrokeratodermas, and Related Disorders
- Ichthyoses
- Erythrokeratodermas
- X-Linked Dominant Ichthyosiform Disorders
- References
- 58 Palmoplantar Keratodermas
- Hereditary Keratodermas
- Acquired Keratodermas and Related Conditions
- References
- 59 Darier Disease and Hailey–Hailey Disease
- Darier Disease
- Hailey–Hailey Disease
- Copyright notice
- References
- 60 Primary Immunodeficiencies
- Introduction
- Ataxia–Telangiectasia
- Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
- Cartilage–Hair Hypoplasia Syndrome
- Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome
- Complement Disorders
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndromes
- Immunoglobulin Deficiencies
- IPEX Syndrome
- Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Omenn Syndrome
- Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome
- References
- 61 Neurofibromatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
- Introduction
- Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
- References
- 62 Mosaicism and Linear Lesions
- Introduction and History
- Patterns and Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Mosaicism
- Mosaicism in X-Linked Disorders
- Epidermal Nevi and Related Syndromes
- Mosaicism in Other Autosomal Dominant Disorders
- Vascular Malformations
- Pigmented Lesions With a Mosaic Distribution Pattern
- Linear Inflammatory Disorders
- Pigmentary Mosaicism
- Chimerism
- References
- 63 Other Genodermatoses
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
- Cowden Syndrome
- Gardner Syndrome
- Muir–Torre Syndrome
- Alkaptonuria
- Biotinidase and Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiencies
- Fabry Disease
- Fucosidosis
- Gaucher Disease
- Hartnup Disease
- Mitochondrial Disorders
- Niemann–Pick Disease
- Phenylketonuria
- Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome
- Werner Syndrome
- Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
- Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia With Immune Deficiency
- Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
- Witkop Tooth and Nail Syndrome
- Ankyloblepharon–Ectodermal Defects–Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome
- Ectodermal Dysplasia–Ectrodactyly–Clefting Syndrome
- References
- 64 Developmental Anomalies
- Introduction
- The Midline Lesion
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita
- Other Developmental Anomalies
- References
- Section Ten Pigmentary Disorders
- 65 Melanocyte Biology
- Introduction
- Origin and Function of the Melanocyte
- Formation and Function of the Melanosome
- Regulation of Melanin Biosynthesis
- References
- E-References
- 66 Vitiligo and Other Disorders of Hypopigmentation
- Introduction
- Diagnosis of Leukodermas
- Vitiligo
- Hereditary Hypomelanosis
- Nutritional Hypomelanosis
- Hypomelanosis Secondary to Cutaneous Inflammation
- Infectious and Parasitic Hypomelanosis
- Halo Nevus and Melanoma-Associated Leukoderma
- Chemical and Pharmacologic Hypomelanosis
- Hypomelanosis From Physical Agents
- Miscellaneous
- References
- 67 Disorders of Hyperpigmentation
- Diffuse and Circumscribed Hyperpigmentation
- Linear Hyperpigmentation
- Reticulated Hyperpigmentation
- Dyschromatoses
- References
- Section Eleven Hair, Nails, and Mucous Membranes
- 68 Biology of Hair and Nails
- Principles of Adnexal Morphogenesis
- Biology of Hair
- Biology of Nails
- References
- 69 Alopecias
- Introduction
- Androgenetic Alopecia
- Telogen Effluvium
- Alopecia Areata
- Trichotillomania
- Other Non-Cicatricial (Non-Scarring) Alopecias
- Cicatricial (Scarring) Alopecias
- Hair Shaft Abnormalities
- References
- 70 Hypertrichosis and Hirsutism
- Hypertrichosis
- Hirsutism
- References
- 71 Nail Disorders
- Anatomy
- Nail Signs
- Congenital and Hereditary Nail Diseases
- The Nail in Dermatologic Diseases
- The Nail in Systemic Diseases
- Infections
- Environmental Nail Disorders
- Traumatic Nail Abnormalities
- Nail Tumors
- References
- 72 Oral Disease
- Common Benign Conditions of the Oral Cavity
- Syndromes of the Head and Neck
- Periodontal and Dental Disease
- Physical and Chemical Injuries
- Allergic and Immunologic Diseases
- Epithelial Pathology
- Salivary Gland Diseases
- Oral Manifestations of Hematologic/Oncologic Disease
- Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease
- Oral Manifestions of HIV Infection
- References
- 73 Anogenital (Non-venereal) Disease
- Introduction
- Lichen Sclerosus
- Lichen Planus
- Zoon Balanitis/Vulvitis
- Epithelial Disorders of the Anogenital Region
- Premalignant and Malignant Lesions
- Dysesthetic Genital Pain Syndromes
- Benign Lesions
- The Anogenital Region and Systemic Disease
- Infections
- Erosive Genital Disease
- References
- Volume Two
- Section Twelve Infections, Infestations, and Bites
- 74 Bacterial Diseases
- Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Spirochetes
- Bacteria Previously Classified as Fungi
- References
- 75 Mycobacterial Infections
- Leprosy
- Cutaneous Tuberculosis
- Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterioses
- References
- 76 Rickettsial Diseases
- Introduction
- Spotted Fever and Typhus Group Rickettsial Infections
- Scrub Typhus
- Human Ehrlichioses
- Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
- Q Fever
- References
- 77 Fungal Diseases
- Superficial Mycoses
- Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Systemic Mycoses
- References
- 78 Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Infection
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- HIV-Related Infectious Skin Conditions
- Non-Infectious HIV-Related Dermatoses
- HIV-Related Cutaneous Neoplasms
- Differential Diagnosis and Diagnosis
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
- Conclusions
- References
- 79 Human Papillomaviruses
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Therapy
- Disclaimer
- References
- 80 Human Herpesviruses
- Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
- Varicella–Zoster Virus (VZV; HHV-3)
- Epstein–Barr Virus (HHV-4)
- Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)
- Human Herpesvirus Type 6 (HHV-6)
- Human Herpesvirus Type 7 (HHV-7)
- Human Herpesvirus Type 8 (HHV-8)
- Conclusion
- References
- 81 Other Viral Diseases
- Introduction
- Enterovirus Infections
- Measles
- Rubella
- Erythema Infectiosum
- Roseola Infantum
- Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem
- Gianotti–Crosti Syndrome
- Poxvirus Infections
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Including Dengue
- West Nile Virus Infection
- Zika Virus Infection
- Chikungunya Fever
- Barmah Forest and Ross River Virus Infections
- Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis A, B, and C Infection
- Trichodysplasia Spinulosa
- Rabies
- Kawasaki Disease
- References
- 82 Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Introduction
- Syphilis
- Gonorrhea
- Chancroid
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum
- Donovanosis (Granuloma Inguinale)
- References
- 83 Protozoa and Worms
- Protozoa
- Worms (Helminths)
- References
- 84 Infestations
- Scabies
- Head Lice
- Crab Lice
- Body Lice
- Tungiasis
- Cutaneous Myiasis
- References
- 85 Bites and Stings
- Insects
- Arachnids
- Centipedes (Class Chilopoda) and Millipedes (Class Diplopoda)
- Snake Bites
- Dog and Cat Bites
- Leeches
- Marine Injuries
- References
- Section Thirteen Disorders Due to Physical Agents
- 86 Ultraviolet Radiation
- Introduction
- Spectrum of UV Light and Absorption Spectra
- Short-Term Effects of Ultraviolet Light: Sunburn and Tanning
- Effects on the Cutaneous Immune System
- Long-Term Effects of Ultraviolet Light: Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis
- UV Induction of DNA Damage
- Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage
- UV-Induced Mutation Formation
- Protection Against Photocarcinogenesis
- References
- 87 Photodermatologic Disorders
- Abnormal Cutaneous Effects to Light
- Normal Cutaneous Effects of UVR Exposure
- References
- 88 Environmental and Sports-Related Skin Diseases
- Injury Due to Heat Exposure
- Injury Due to Cold Exposure
- Injury Due to Water Exposure
- Injury Due to Electricity
- Injury Due to Chemical Exposure
- Frictional and Traumatic Injury to the Skin
- Environmental Dermatoses of the External Ear
- Sports-Related Dermatoses
- Amputee-Related Dermatoses
- Musical Instrument-Related Dermatoses
- Appendix
- References
- 89 Signs of Drug Abuse
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Addiction
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Features
- Treatment
- References
- 90 Skin Signs of Abuse
- Child Abuse
- Elder Abuse
- References
- Section Fourteen Disorders of Langerhans Cells and Macrophages
- 91 Histiocytoses
- Overview
- Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytoses
- Malignant Histiocytic Disorders
- Dermal Dendrocyte Hamartomas
- References
- 92 Xanthomas
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 93 Non-infectious Granulomas
- Introduction
- Sarcoidosis
- Granuloma Annulare
- Annular Elastolytic Giant Cell Granuloma
- Necrobiosis Lipoidica
- Cutaneous Crohn Disease
- Foreign Body Granulomas (see Ch. 94)
- Interstitial Granulomatous Dermatitis and Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis
- References
- 94 Foreign Body Reactions
- General Considerations
- Foreign Body Reactions to Inorganic and Metallic Compounds
- Reactions to Organic and Biologic Products
- Injectable Soft Tissue Fillers
- Miscellaneous
- References
- Section Fifteen Atrophies and Disorders of Dermal Connective Tissues
- 95 Biology of the Extracellular Matrix
- Introduction
- Structure and Function of the Extracellular Matrix
- Diseases Related to ECM Defects
- References
- 96 Perforating Diseases
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 97 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
- Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
- Cutis Laxa
- References
- 98 Dermal Hypertrophies
- Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
- Dupuytren Disease
- Cutis Verticis Gyrata
- Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis and Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis)
- Elastic Tissue-Related Disorders
- References
- 99 Atrophies of Connective Tissue
- Mid-Dermal Elastolysis
- Anetoderma
- Striae
- Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
- Follicular Atrophoderma
- Atrophia Maculosa Varioliformis Cutis
- Piezogenic Pedal Papules (Piezogenic Papules)
- Other Atrophies of the Connective Tissue
- References
- Section Sixteen Disorders of Subcutaneous Fat
- 100 Panniculitis
- Introduction
- Erythema Nodosum
- Morphea/Scleroderma Panniculitis
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Panniculitis
- Erythema Induratum
- Pancreatic Panniculitis
- Sclerema Neonatorum, Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn, and Post-Steroid Panniculitis
- Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis (Lupus Panniculitis)
- Panniculitis of Dermatomyositis
- Traumatic Panniculitis
- Lipodermatosclerosis
- Infection-Induced Panniculitis
- Cytophagic Histiocytic Panniculitis
- Malignant Subcutaneous Infiltrates
- Unusual or Newly Described Forms of Panniculitis
- References
- 101 Lipodystrophies
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- HIV/ART-Associated Lipodystrophy
- References
- Section Seventeen Vascular Disorders
- 102 Vascular Biology
- Structure and Function of Cutaneous Blood Vessels
- Vascular Development
- Structure and Function of the Cutaneous Lymphatic Vascular System
- Related Diseases
- Current Trends in Antiangiogenesis
- References
- 103 Infantile Hemangiomas
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Radiologic Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Rapidly Involuting and Non-Involuting Congenital Hemangiomas
- References
- 104 Vascular Malformations
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 105 Ulcers
- Introduction
- Venous Ulcers
- Lymphedema
- Arterial Ulcers
- Diabetic (and Neuropathic) Ulcers
- Ulcers Due to Physical Factors
- Other Causes of Skin Ulceration
- References
- 106 Other Vascular Disorders
- Introduction
- Livedo Reticularis
- Flushing
- Erythromelalgia
- Telangiectasias
- Venous Lakes
- Nevus Anemicus
- Angiospastic Macules (Bier Spots)
- References
- Section Eighteen Neoplasms of the Skin
- 107 Principles of Tumor Biology and Pathogenesis of BCCs and SCCs
- Introduction
- Structure and Function of p53
- Structure and Function of Patched
- Pathogenesis of BCC
- Pathogenesis of SCC
- Related Diseases
- References
- 108 Actinic Keratosis, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Risk Factors (Table 108.2)
- Actinic Keratosis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Treatment
- References
- 109 Benign Epidermal Tumors and Proliferations
- Solar Lentigo
- Seborrheic Keratosis
- Lichenoid Keratosis
- Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
- Stucco Keratosis
- Porokeratosis
- Flegel Disease
- Acrokeratosis Verruciformis
- Cutaneous Horn
- Clear Cell Acanthoma
- Inverted Follicular Keratosis
- Warty Dyskeratoma
- Acantholytic (Dyskeratotic) Acanthoma
- Epidermolytic Acanthoma
- Large Cell Acanthoma
- Epidermal Nevus
- Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus
- Nevus Comedonicus
- Acanthosis Nigricans
- Nevoid Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola
- Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis
- Clear Cell Papulosis
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 110 Cysts
- Introduction
- Cysts With a Lining of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Cysts Lined With Non-Stratified Squamous Epithelium
- Cysts Without an Epithelial Lining
- References
- 111 Adnexal Neoplasms
- Neoplasms and Proliferations with Follicular Differentiation
- Neoplasms and Proliferations With Sebaceous Differentiation
- Neoplasms and Proliferations With Apocrine (or Eccrine) Differentiation
- Neoplasms and Proliferations With Eccrine Differentiation
- References
- 112 Benign Melanocytic Neoplasms
- Melanocytic Nevi
- References
- 113 Melanoma
- Introduction
- Molecular Pathogenesis
- Host Immune Response to Melanoma
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors for Cutaneous Melanoma
- Types of Primary Melanomas
- Other Melanoma Variants
- Melanoma and Pregnancy
- Childhood Melanoma
- Diagnosis
- Histopathology
- Staging
- Prognosis
- Evaluation of a Patient With Suspected Melanoma
- Management
- Melanoma Surveillance
- References
- 114 Vascular Neoplasms and Neoplastic-Like Proliferations
- Introduction
- Benign Vascular Neoplasms and Reactive Hyperplasias
- Borderline and Low-Grade Malignant Vascular Neoplasms
- Malignant Vascular Neoplasms
- Perivascular Neoplasms and Neoplastic-Like Proliferations
- References
- 115 Neural and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (Other than Neurofibromatosis)
- Classification, Terminology, and Histogenesis
- Neuromas
- Schwannoma
- Neurofibroma
- Nerve Sheath Myxoma and Cellular Neurothekeoma
- Granular Cell Tumor
- Perineurioma
- Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma
- Heterotopic Neural Tissue of the Skin
- Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
- References
- 116 Fibrous and Fibrohistiocytic Proliferations of the Skin and Tendons
- Skin Tags
- Cutaneous Angiofibroma
- Dermatofibroma
- Acral Fibrokeratoma
- Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma
- Sclerotic Fibroma of the Skin
- Pleomorphic Fibroma of the Skin
- Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
- Dermatomyofibroma
- Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath
- Fibroma of Tendon Sheath
- Nodular Fasciitis
- Connective Tissue Nevus
- Infantile Digital Fibroma
- Infantile Myofibromatosis
- Cutaneous Adult Myofibroma
- Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
- Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy
- Fibromatoses
- Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor
- Atypical Fibroxanthoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
- Giant Cell Fibroblastoma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Epithelioid Sarcoma
- References
- E-References
- 117 Smooth Muscle, Adipose and Cartilage Neoplasms
- Introduction
- Tumors of Smooth Muscle
- Tumors of Fat
- Tumors of Cartilage
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 118 Mastocytosis
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- References
- 119 B-Cell Lymphomas of the Skin
- Introduction
- History
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasias, Including Multiple Myeloma
- Cutaneous and Systemic Plasmacytosis
- References
- 120 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
- Mycosis Fungoides
- Variants of Mycosis Fungoides
- Sézary Syndrome
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
- Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders
- Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
- Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
- Primary Cutaneous CD8-Positive Aggressive Epidermotropic Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphoma
- Primary Cutaneous Gamma/Delta T-Cell Lymphoma
- Primary Cutaneous CD4-Positive Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
- Primary Cutaneous Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, NOS
- References
- 121 Other Lymphoproliferative and Myeloproliferative Diseases
- Benign Lymphocytic Infiltrates
- Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
- Malignant Hematopoietic Infiltrates
- References
- 122 Cutaneous Metastases
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Pathology
- Treatment and Prognosis
- References
- Section Nineteen Medical Therapy
- 123 Public Health and Dermatology
- Introduction
- The Public Health Importance of Dermatology
- Role of Epidemiology in Dermatology
- Observational Studies
- Assessing the Efficacy of a Preventive or Therapeutic Intervention
- Genetic Epidemiology
- Health Services Research
- Health Policy Implications of Research
- Important Concepts When Designing and Reviewing a Study
- Opportunities for Research in Dermato-Epidemiology
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 124 Skin Barrier and Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Stratum Corneum Structure and Organization
- Epidermal Metabolism and the Skin Barrier
- Impaired Skin Barrier and Cutaneous Inflammation
- References
- Parameters Affecting Skin Permeability
- Strategies to Enhance Transdermal Drug Delivery
- References
- 125 Glucocorticoids
- Introduction
- Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
- Clinical Indications, Dosages and Contraindications
- Major Side Effects
- Interactions and Dose Alterations
- References
- Appendix:
- 126 Retinoids
- Introduction
- Mechanism of Action
- Indications (Table 126.3)
- Dosage
- Contraindications
- Major Side Effects
- Interactions
- Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
- References
- 127 Antimicrobial Drugs
- Antibacterial Agents
- Antifungal Agents
- Antiviral Agents
- References
- 128 Systemic Immunomodulators
- Interferons
- Granulocyte–Macrophage and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors (GM-CSF and G-CSF)
- Targeted Immune Modulators
- Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIg)
- References
- 129 Other Topical Medications
- Introduction
- General Principles of Topical Therapy
- Antipruritic Agents
- Keratolytics and Humectants (See Table 129.8)
- Skin-Lightening Agents
- Agents That Affect Hair Growth
- Immunomodulatory Agents
- Chemotherapeutic Agents
- Vitamin D Analogues
- Miscellaneous Agents
- References
- 130 Other Systemic Drugs
- Introduction
- Antimalarials
- Apremilast
- Azathioprine
- Bleomycin
- Clofazimine
- Colchicine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine
- Dapsone
- Hydroxyurea
- Leukotriene (LT) Inhibitors
- Methotrexate
- Mycophenolate Mofetil and Mycophenolate Sodium
- Saturated Solution of Potassium Iodide (SSKI)
- Sirolimus (Rapamycin) and Tacrolimus
- Thalidomide and Its Derivatives
- References
- 131 Drug Interactions
- Introduction
- Putting Interactions Into Perspective
- Assessment of Risk in the Clinical Outcome of Drug Interactions
- Levels of Evidence
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Drug Biotransformation
- The Confusing World of Drug Interactions
- How to Minimize the Risk of Drug–Drug Interactions
- Conclusion
- References
- 132 Sunscreens and Photoprotection
- Introduction and History
- Sunscreen Regulation
- Mechanisms of Sunscreen Action
- Active Ingredients in Sunscreens
- Sunscreen Benefits
- Sunscreen Safety
- Photoprotective Clothing
- Photoprotection Strategies and Sunscreen Recommendations
- References
- 133 Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Introduction
- Natural Products – Medical Applications
- Diet-Based Therapies
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Homeopathy
- Aromatherapy
- Mind–Body Medicine
- Ayurveda
- Conclusion
- References
- Section Twenty Physical Treatment Modalities
- 134 Ultraviolet Therapy
- Introduction
- Phototherapy With UVB
- Phototherapy With the 308 nm Excimer Laser or Lamp
- Phototherapy With UVA1
- Photochemotherapy With Psoralens (PUVA)
- Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (Photopheresis)
- References
- 135 Photodynamic Therapy
- Introduction
- History and Development
- PDT – Photochemistry, Photobiology, and Mechanism of Action
- Components of PDT
- Dermatologic Applications
- Adverse Effects and Complications of PDT
- Practice and Techniques
- Future Directions
- References
- 136 Lasers and Other Energy-Based Technologies – Principles and Skin Interactions
- Introduction
- Lasers
- Skin Optics
- Thermal Interactions
- Selective Photothermolysis
- Photomechanical Effects
- Cooling for Skin Protection
- Applications of Laser Principles
- Principles of Laser Safety
- Non-Laser Energy Sources
- Future Directions
- References
- 137 Lasers and Other Energy-Based Therapies
- Types of Lasers and Intense Pulsed Light
- Treatment of Vascular Lesions
- Treatment of Tattoos
- Treatment of Melanin-Containing Lesions
- Treatment of Striae Distensae
- Ablative Lasers: Carbon Dioxide and Er:YAG
- Fractionated Lasers
- Other Photorejuvenation Devices
- Skin Tightening – Radiofrequency and Intense Focused Ultrasound
- Microwaves
- Hair Removal
- Home-Based Lasers
- Treatment of Psoriasis and Vitiligo
- Conclusions
- References
- 138 Cryosurgery
- Historical Background
- Principles of Cryosurgery and Cryobiology
- Instruments and Techniques
- Preoperative Considerations
- Treatment
- Expected Postoperative Events and Care
- Complications
- Future Trends (Imaging Technology for Monitoring Cryosurgical Outcome)
- References
- 139 Radiotherapy
- Basics of Radiotherapy
- Radiotherapy of Benign Skin Disorders
- Radiotherapy of in Situ Cutaneous Malignancies
- Radiotherapy of Invasive Carcinomas, Sarcomas, and Lymphomas
- Palliation
- Reactions and Complications
- Future Trends
- References
- 140 Electrosurgery
- Introduction and Background
- Indications/Contraindications
- Preoperative History and Considerations
- Description of Techniques
- Variations/Unusual Situations
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- Electroepilation
- Iontophoresis
- Future Trends
- References
- Section Twenty-One Surgery
- 141 Biology of Wound Healing
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of Tissue Repair and Regeneration Are Evolutionarily Conserved
- Impact of Wound Depth on Wound Healing
- Skin Repair – Cellular and Molecular Aspects
- Impaired Wound Healing – Risk Factors
- Therapeutic Options for Chronic Wounds
- Future Directions
- References
- 142 Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck
- Topographic Anatomy of the Head and Neck
- Skin Tension Lines
- Cosmetic Subunits
- Free Margins
- The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
- Muscles of Facial Expression
- Vascular Anatomy
- The Facial Nerve
- Sensory Innervation of the Head and Neck
- Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck
- References
- 143 Anesthesia
- Introduction
- Discussion
- References
- 144 Wound Closure Materials and Instruments
- Introduction
- Discussion
- References
- 145 Dressings
- Introduction
- Moist Healing Environment
- Role of Debridement
- History of Wound Dressings
- Functions of a Wound Dressing
- Traditional Wound Dressings
- First and Second Intention Healing
- Wound Cleansers
- Topical Antimicrobials and Dressings That Contain Antimicrobial Agents
- Moisture-Retentive Dressings
- Advanced Wound Therapies
- Compression Therapy
- Future Directions
- References
- E-References
- 146 Biopsy Techniques and Basic Excisions
- Introduction
- Key Concepts
- Indications/Contraindications
- Preoperative History and Considerations
- Techniques
- Variations/Unusual Situations
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- Future Trends
- References
- 147 Flaps
- Introduction
- Background
- Description of Technique
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- References
- 148 Grafts
- Introduction and Background
- Wound Healing Considerations
- Full-Thickness Skin Grafts
- Split-Thickness Skin Grafts
- Composite Grafts
- Free Cartilage Grafts
- Conclusions
- References
- 149 Nail Surgery
- Introduction
- Surgical Anatomy of the Nail Unit
- Preoperative Evaluation and Patient Preparation
- Anesthesia of the Nail Unit
- Instruments for Nail Surgery
- Nail Plate Avulsion
- Biopsy Techniques
- Surgical Procedures for Disorders of the Nail Unit
- Postoperative Care
- Complications of Nail Surgery
- References
- 150 Mohs Micrographic Surgery
- Introduction
- History
- Training in Mohs Micrographic Surgery
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Preoperative History and Considerations
- Technique
- Variations/Refinements/Special Situations
- Challenges and Pitfalls
- Reconstruction
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- Future Trends
- References
- E-References
- 151 Surgical Complications and Optimizing Outcomes
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
- Section Twenty-Two Cosmetic Surgery
- 152 Evaluation of Beauty and the Aging Face
- Introduction
- Evaluation of Beauty
- Anatomic Basis for the Aging Appearance
- Photoaging
- Pigmentary System
- Volume Changes – The Loss of Subcutaneous Fat
- Changes in Facial Musculature
- Changes in Underlying Cartilage and Bone
- Inherent Loss of Elasticity
- Gender Differences
- Ethnic Differences
- Combination Therapies
- References
- 153 Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
- Introduction
- Discussion
- Future Directions
- References
- 154 Chemical and Mechanical Skin Resurfacing
- Introduction and History
- Preoperative History and Considerations
- Chemical Resurfacing Procedures
- Mechanical Resurfacing Procedures
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- Conclusions and Future Trends
- References
- 155 Phlebology and Treatment of Leg Veins
- Introduction
- Venous Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology
- Physical Examination of the Phlebology Patient
- Laboratory Evaluation of the Superficial Venous System
- Compression in Sclerotherapy and Venous Disease
- Sclerosing Solutions
- Techniques for Treating Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins
- Larger Varicose Veins
- Postsclerotherapy Compression
- Complications
- Ambulatory Phlebectomy
- Targeting the Saphenofemoral Junction
- Conclusions
- References
- 156 Body Contouring
- Introduction and Background
- Body Contouring Consultation
- Liposuction Procedure
- Liposuction Instrumentation
- Liposuction Variations
- Non-Cosmetic Liposuction
- Postoperative Care
- Complications of Liposuction
- Non-Invasive Body Contouring
- Cellulite
- Conclusion
- Copyright notice
- References
- 157 Hair Restoration
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss (Androgenetic Alopecia)
- Hair Transplantation
- Future Trends
- References
- 158 Injectable Soft Tissue Augmentation
- Historical Perspective
- General Injection Technique
- Injectable Soft Tissue Filler Materials
- Complications
- Conclusion
- Copyright notice
- References
- 159 Botulinum Toxin
- Introduction
- Properties of Botulinum Toxins
- Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A
- Medical Uses of Botulinum Toxin Type A
- Complications
- Safety
- Future Trends
- Summary
- References
- Index
- Language: English
- Edition: 4
- Published: November 20, 2017
- Imprint: Elsevier
- eBook ISBN: 9780323680745
JB
Jean L. Bolognia
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USAJS
Julie V. Schaffer
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USALC
Lorenzo Cerroni
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor of Dermatology, Director Dermatopathology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria