Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes

Advances on Membrane Engineering

1st Edition - January 9, 2024
Editors: Angelo Basile, Frank Lipnizki, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Vincenzo Piemonte
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 2 5 8 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 4 2 4 - 7

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Engineering with Membranes discusses various aspects of membrane engineering. This includes, but is not limited t… Read more

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Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Engineering with Membranes discusses various aspects of membrane engineering. This includes, but is not limited to, the role of membranes in food production, treatment and recovery, their applications in electrochemical processes and devices, in drug delivery and in ionic materials, such as salts, acids and bases, recovery. In addition, this book approaches the above topics in a different angle than the existing publications, i.e., reviews technical difficulties, environmental challenges and economic analysis.

Membranes are one of the technologies which can affect various aspects of engineering dealing with feeds and products. Membranes demonstrate selective purifying properties, hence, membranes can help in the removal of various pollutants onsite and without the need of adding extra units and apparatuses. Besides that, membranes help reactions shift forward and make the whole process more efficient.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Part 1: Membranes in food industries
Chapter 1. Membrane technologies for the treatment of food
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Applications
1.3 Membrane separations incorporated through the food industry
1.4 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 2. Membrane processes in fruit juice production
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Fruit juice clarification
2.3 Fruit juice concentration with reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
2.4 Emerging membrane processes for fruit juice processes
2.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 3. Membrane technology in dairy industry
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Membrane-based technology in dairy industry
3.3 Membrane technology in the cheese industry and other applications
3.4 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Part 2: Membranes in electrochemistry
Chapter 4. Electronic processes in membranes
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrochemical cell
4.3 Theory
4.4 Electrolysis
4.5 Fuel cells
4.6 Additional membrane applications
4.7 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 5. Fuel cells
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Different types of fuel cell framework
5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells
5.4 FC electrodes (cathodes and anodes)
5.5 Different parts of fuel cells
5.6 Catalytic approach of fuel cells
5.7 Applications of fuel cells
5.8 Governing equations and kinetic modeling applied to fuel cells
5.9 Progress in fuel cells
5.10 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 6. Hybrid inorganic membranes
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Approach to nanostructured membranes
6.3 Nanocomposite membranes
6.4 Membrane fouling
6.5 Permeability and selectivity
6.6 Physical properties
6.7 Resistance to clorine
6.8 Stability of nanocomposite membranes
6.9 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Part 3: Membranes in drug industries
Chapter 7. Biological membranes
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Membrane proteins
7.3 Fluid mosaic pattern of membrane structure
7.4 Transport across membranes
7.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 8. Drug delivery systems
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Transdermal drug delivery system
8.3 Osmotic systems
8.4 Hydrogel membranes
8.5 Conclusion and future trend
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 9. Cell membrane–based drug delivery systems
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Drug delivery systems using whole cell
9.3 Drug delivery using extracellular vesicle
9.4 Cell membrane–coated particles drug carriers
9.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 10. Functional nanoporous membranes for drug delivery
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Membrane-assisted drug delivery systems
10.3 Nanoporous membrane properties for drug deliver purposes
10.4 Nanoporous membrane fabricating techniques for drug delivery system purposes
10.5 Surface treatment of fabricated membrane for drug delivery systems
10.6 Controlled drug delivery systems
10.7 Conclusion and future trend
List of acronyms
References
Part 4: Membranes in recovery of salts, acids and bases
Chapter 11. Hydrophobic membranes
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Contact angle on porous materials
11.3 Commercial hydrophobic membranes
11.4 Hydrophobic membrane preparation
11.5 Applications
11.6 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Membrane crystallization
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 History of membrane crystallization
12.3 Membrane crystallizer strategy
12.4 Mathematical model
12.5 Applications
12.6 Value-added product recovery and CO2 capture unit
12.7 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
List of Greek letters
References
Chapter 13. Polymeric membranes
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Polysiloxane poly membranes for recovery of alkaline solution
13.3 Calixarene functionalized graphene powder and polymer incorporation membrane for recovery of chromium
13.4 Anion exchange membranes
13.5 Cation exchange membranes
13.6 Polysulfone bipolar membrane for recovery of acid and base
13.7 Polyimide P84 nanofiltration membrane for salt recovery
13.8 Radiated poly (vinylidene fluoride) polymeric membrane preparation for salt removal
13.9 Polymer inclusion membranes
13.10 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 14. Hydrogen production by perovskite-based protonic ceramic electrolysis cells
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Fundamentals
14.3 Materials for protonic ceramic electrolysis cells
14.4 Fabrication techniques
14.5 Performance evaluation
14.6 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
Acknowledgments
References
Part 5: Membranes in extraction of metals ions and tritium
Chapter 15. Membrane-based technologies for lithium extraction
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 16. Membrane technology—a promising approach for metal ion extraction
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Extraction of Iron using ion exchange membranes
16.3 Extraction of zinc using ion exchange membranes
16.4 Extraction of copper using membrane systems
16.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 17. Membrane technology for tritium recovery in fusion power plants
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The matter of tritium in fusion reactor
17.3 Superpermeation and metal foil pump for the direct loop
17.4 Tokamak exhausts processing
17.5 Pd-Ag membranes for Q2 separation
17.6 Pd-Ag membrane reactor for Q2 recovery
17.7 Ceramic membranes for PEG treatment
17.8 The breeding blanket concepts
17.9 Permeation against Vacuum for tritium extraction from Li-Pb
17.10 Membrane Gas–Liquid Contactor for tritium extraction from Li-Pb
17.11 Conclusions and future trends
List of Acronyms
References
Part 6: Bio-engineering membranes
Chapter 18. Membranes for biomedical applications
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Membranes for medical blood-contacting applications
18.3 Gas exchange
18.4 Cell membrane
18.5 Bacterial cellulose membranes
18.6 Nanofibrous membranes
18.7 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 19. Membranes processes in the circular bioeconomy
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Membrane processes in biorefinery upstream processing
19.3 Membrane processes in biofuels production
19.4 Membrane processes for downstream processing in biorefinery applications
19.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 20. Membranes for the downstream treating of biotechnology processes
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Membrane applications in downstream of biotechnological processes
20.3 Classification of membrane separations
20.4 Membrane module configurations and manufacturing
20.5 Membrane chromatography
20.6 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 21. Membranes for the water biotreatment
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Classes of wastewater pollutants
21.3 Membrane biological reactors versus conventional activated sludge: a process comparison
21.4 MBR operation and design
21.5 Membrane bioreactors’ maintenance
21.6 Membrane bioreactors’ costs
21.7 Membrane bioreactor’s applications and market capacity
21.8 Membrane bioreactor suppliers
21.9 Innovative membrane bioreactor process configurations
21.10 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Part 7: Experimental simulation of membrane reactors (MRs)
Chapter 22. Design of structured catalysts for inorganic membrane reactors
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Design of structured catalysts for membrane reactors
22.3 Structured catalysts preparation and characterization
22.4 Novel catalysts for membrane reactors
22.5 Conclusion and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 23. Reactor design for inorganic membrane reactors
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Inorganic membrane reactors model
23.3 A mathematic-based model for shell and tube packed bed inert IMRs
23.4 A mathematic-based model for shell and tube packed bed catalytic IMRs
23.5 A mathematic-based model for fluidized bed inert IMRs
23.6 Numerical solution methods
23.7 Conclusions
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 24. Integrated membrane systems for ultrapure hydrogen production
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Pilot plant description and performance
24.3 Technoeconomical assessment of the process
24.4 Conclusions
List of acronyms
List of symbols
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 25. Engineering performance of an integrated membrane reformer powered by solar energy
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Process description and state of the art
25.3 Development perspectives
25.4 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 26. Polymeric membrane reactors
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Advantages and disadvantages of polymeric membrane reactors
26.3 Polymeric membrane reactor configuration
26.4 Biological performance of polymeric membrane reactor systems
26.5 Membrane types and polymeric materials in membrane reactor systems
26.6 Polymeric membrane reactor operation
26.7 Clogging of polymeric membrane reactors
26.8 The characterization of polymeric membranes used in membrane reactors
26.9 Polymeric membrane classification for membrane reactors: basic aspects
26.10 Amendment of polymeric membrane
26.11 Application of polymeric MRs
26.12 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Part 8: Integrated membrane systems (IMSs)
Chapter 27. Process intensification in integrated membrane systems
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Process intensification; intentions, research methods, and goals of the strategic approach
27.3 The application of membrane systems to implement process intensification strategies
27.4 Integration of different membrane technology (membrane-based hybrid separations)
27.5 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 28. Examples of the usage of cross-flow membrane filtration in the food industry
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Membrane in the dairy processes
28.3 Beer production
28.4 Wine production
28.5 This technology can also be applied in must
28.6 Juice production
28.7 Wastewater in the agro-industry
28.8 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 29. Membrane technology in integrated gasification combined cycles
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 IGCC technology for power generation
29.3 Application of membranes in an IGCC power plants
29.4 Conclusion and future trends
List of acronyms
References
Chapter 30. Pervaporation and membrane contactors
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Pervaporation
30.3 Membrane contactor
30.4 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 31. Membrane emulsification in integrated systems
Abstract
31.1 Membrane emulsification
31.2 Membranes for solid or semisolid particle fabrication
31.3 Membranes for micromixing
31.4 Membranes for gas dispersion
31.5 Conclusion and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
References
Chapter 32. Hybrid membrane processes in advanced wastewater treatment
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Integrated and HMPs obtained by coupling membrane processes with photocatalysis for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters
32.3 Integrated and HMPs obtained by coupling membrane processes with solvent extraction for heavy metals removal from aqueous matrices
32.4 Integrated and HMPs obtained by coupling ultrafiltration with water-soluble complexing agents for heavy metals removal from aqueous matrices
32.5 An integrated and HMP obtained by coupling PMRs and CP–UF process
32.6 Other hybrid membrane processes
32.7 General considerations on HMPs
32.8 Conclusions and future trends
List of acronyms
List of symbols
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Angelo Basile

Angelo Basile, a Chemical Engineer, is a senior Researcher at the ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, where he is responsible for research related to both the ultra-pure hydrogen production and CO2 capture using Pd-based Membrane Reactors. Angelo Basile's h-index is 53, with 387 document results with a total of 8,910 citations in 5,034 documents (www.scopus.com – 24 May 2023).

He has more than 170 scientific papers in peer-to-peer journals and 252 papers in international congresses; and is a reviewer for 165 int. journals, an editor/author of more than 50 scientific books and 120 chapters on international books on membrane science and technology; 6 Italian patents, 2 European patents and 5 worldwide patents. He is referee of 104 international scientific journals and Member of the Editorial Board of 22 of them.

Basile is also Editor associate of the Int. J. Hydrogen Energy and Editor-in-chief of the Int. J. Membrane Science & Technol. and Editor-in-chief of Membrane Processes (Applications), a section of the Intl J. Membranes. Basile also prepared 42 special issues on membrane science and technology for many international journals (IJHE, Chem Eng. J., Cat. Today, etc.). He participated to and was/is responsible of many national and international projects on membrane reactors and membrane science. Basile served as Director of the ITM-CNR during the period Dec. 2008 – May 2009. In the last years, he was tutor of 30 Thesis for master and Ph.D. students at the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Calabria (Italy). From 2014, Basile is Full Professor of Chemical Engineering Processes.

Affiliations and expertise

ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Italy

Frank Lipnizki

Frank Lipnizki is Professor in Chemical Engineering with focus on Separation Process in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Lund University, Sweden since 2017. Furthermore, he heads the Membrane Group at Lund University and manages MemLab – the Industrial membrane process research and development centre – at Lund University. Before joing the university Frank Lipnizki was working for 16 years in the membrane industry at Alfa Laval Business Centre Membranes (previously Danish Separation Systems). His main research focuses on the integration and optimisation of separation process in particular membrane processes in the food, biotech, pulp and paper industry as well as water and wastewater treatment plus fouling and cleaning of membranes. Frank Lipnizki’s h-index is 18, with 137 document results (30/June/2020, scholar.google.com), with a total of 1752 citations. Frank Lipnizki prepared has 35 scientific papers in peer to peer journals and 91 papers in international congresses plus 59 seminars and workshop presentations. Furthermore, he edited 3 conference proceedings plus 1 book and contributed 15 book chapters. He is also refree for 32 journals and on the editorial board of three journals. Frank Lipnizki is currently Vice-President of the European Membrane Society and heads the Annex “Membranes in Biorefineries” by IETS – a collaboration program of the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Prof. Mohammad Reza Rahimpour is a professor in Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University, Iran. He received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Shiraz University joint with University of Sydney, Australia 1988. He started his independent career as Assistant Professor in September 1998 at Shiraz University. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour, was a Research Associate at University of California, Davis from 2012 till 2017. During his stay in University of California, he developed different reaction networks and catalytic processes such as thermal and plasma reactors for upgrading of lignin bio-oil to biofuel with collaboration of UCDAVIS. He has been a Chair of Department of Chemical Engineering at Shiraz University from 2005 till 2009 and from 2015 till 2020. Prof. M.R. Rahimpour leads a research group in fuel processing technology focused on the catalytic conversion of fossil fuels such as natural gas, and renewable fuels such as bio-oils derived from lignin to valuable energy sources. He provides young distinguished scholars with perfect educational opportunities in both experimental methods and theoretical tools in developing countries to investigate in-depth research in the various field of chemical engineering including carbon capture, chemical looping, membrane separation, storage and utilization technologies, novel technologies for natural gas conversion and improving the energy efficiency in the production and use of natural gas industries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Vincenzo Piemonte

Vincenzo Piemonte is an associate professor at the University “Campus Bio-medico” of Rome (academic courses: Artificial Organs Engineering, Biorefinery Fundamentals, Chemical Engineering Principles, Bioreactors) and an Adjunct Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University “La Sapienza” of Rome (academic course: Artificial Organs Engineering). His research activity is primarily focused on the study of Transport phenomena in the artificial and bioartificial organs; new biotreatment technology platform for the elimination of toxic pollutants from water and soil; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of petroleum-based plastics and bio-based plastics; extraction of valuable substances (polyphenols, tannins) from natural matrices; hydrogen production by membrane reactors for water gas shift reaction; concentrated Solar Power Plant integrated with membrane steam reforming reactor for the production of hydrogen and hydro-methane. He has about 120 publications on chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, biomedical devices modeling, Bioreactors, LCA studies.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Department of Engineering, Rome, Italy

Life sciences

Physical sciences & Engineering

Social sciences & Humanities

Health

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes

Advances on Membrane Engineering

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Angelo Basile

Frank Lipnizki

Mohammad Reza Rahimpour

Vincenzo Piemonte