Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management

1st Edition - March 9, 2023
Editors: Joginder Singh Panwar, Ashok Pandey, Simranjeet Singh, Vinod Kumar Garg, Praveen C. Ramamurthy
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 9 0 0 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 6 4 5 - 5

Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management considers microbial degradation and environmental management of pesticides, covers microbial options as an altern… Read more

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Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management considers microbial degradation and environmental management of pesticides, covers microbial options as an alternative to chemical pesticides, explores plant-microbe interactions for reduced applications of pesticides in the agricultural fields, discusses the enhancement of microbial pesticides degradation, explains function of engineered microorganisms for effective pesticide degradation, describes potential indigenous/effective microbes for effective pesticide degradation processes, and presents research on microbes for sustainable agricultural and environmental practices.

Cover Image
Series Editor
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Impact and prospects of pesticides on human and environmental health
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Impact of pesticides on human health
1.3 Environmental health and pesticides
1.4 Determination and detection methods of pesticides
1.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 2 Pesticide pollution in freshwater and its impact on community health
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of pesticide pollution in freshwater bodies
2.3 Effects of pesticide pollution on fresh water ecosystem
2.4 Indirect effects in the aquatic community
2.5 Strategies for reducing pesticide pollution
2.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 3 Pesticide pollution in freshwater: Occurrence, distribution, impact, and remediation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Sources of pesticides pollution in freshwater
3.3 Impact of pesticides pollution on aquatic animals
3.4 Extraction methods of pesticides
3.5 Detection and characterization methods of pesticides
3.6 Remediation techniques
3.7 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgement
Reference
Chapter 4 Persistence of pesticides residues with chemical food preservatives in fruits and vegetables
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pesticide residues
4.3 General chemicals as food preservatives
4.4 Chemical food preservatives in fruits
4.5 Risks of consumption of fruits contaminated with pesticide residues
4.6 Impact of pesticides residues on the environment and beneficial micro-organisms
4.7 Prevention and control of use of chemical food preservatives in fruits
4.8 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Dietary intake of pesticide residues through vegetables
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Application of pesticides to vegetables
5.3 Monitoring of pesticides in vegetables
5.4 Maximum residue level and assessment of exposure
5.5 Dietary risk assessment of pesticides in fruits
5.6 Dietary intake and cumulative risk assessment
5.7 Chronic dietary exposure
5.8 Acute dietary exposure
5.9 Methods of removing pesticides from fruits
5.10 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Dietary intake of pesticides through fruits
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Health risk due to pesticide consumption
6.3 Classification and properties of pesticides
6.4 Pesticide residue limits and regulations
6.5 Pesticide residue in fruits
6.6 Removal of pesticides from fruits
6.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 7 Genome editing of microbes for degradation of pesticides
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The microbial enzymes in pesticide biodegradation
7.3 Genetic engineering and catabolic genes used for pesticide degradation
7.4 Genome editing
7.5 Genome editing tools used for pesticides degradation
7.6 General methodology utilized for genome editing of microbes for pesticide degradation
7.7 OMICs approach in microbes to degrade pesticide
7.8 Mechanism involved in organ phosphorus pesticide degeneration using genomics
7.9 Use of multiple omics in genome editing
7.10 Advancement in the technology and use of system biology
7.11 Application of genomics and functional genomics
7.12 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 8 Evolution of biodegradation pathways for efficient microbial based management of pesticides
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Microbes in pesticide degradation
8.3 Enzymes and metabolic pathways for degradation
8.4 Genetics behind degradation
8.5 Genetic engineering strategies for enhancing pesticide degradation
8.6 Factors affecting degradation of pesticides by micro-organisms
8.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 9 Plant hormones for the regulation of pesticide metabolism
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mechanism of uptake and metabolism of pesticides in plants
9.3 Role of brassinosteroids in pesticides metabolism
9.4 Role of salicylic acid in pesticides metabolism
9.5 Role of jasmonic acid in pesticides metabolism
9.6 Role of auxins and cytokinin in pesticides metabolism
9.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 10 Depleted mineralization of pesticides on soil microbial diversity
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bioavailability of pesticides
10.3 Mineralization capabilities of different microbes
10.4 Biotransformation of pesticides by enzymes
10.5 Biological remediation and pesticide metabolism
10.6 Environmental factors affecting mineralization
10.7 Recent advances in pesticides mineralization
10.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 11 Health impacts of pesticides on farm applicators
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Pesticides toxicity and risk
11.3 Classification of toxicity
11.4 Probable ways of exposure to pesticides
11.5 Harmful effects of pesticides on human health
11.6 Preventive measures
11.7 Pesticide laws and regulations
11.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 12 Impact of pesticides on natural population of insects in the agricultural fields
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Nontarget population of insects in agriculture fields
12.3 Biodiversity of insects in different crop fields
12.4 Effect of pesticides on beneficial insects in various crop ecosystems
12.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 13 Microbial enzymes for biodegradation and detoxification of pesticides
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Dehalogenase
13.3 Organophosphorus hydrolase
13.4 Organophosphorus anhydrolase
13.5 Laccase
13.6 Aspergillus enzymes
13.7 Penicillium enzymes
13.8 Carbofuran hydrolase
13.9 Carboxyl esterase
13.10 Phosphotriesterase
13.11 Pyrethroid hydrolase
13.12 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 14 Role of cloning and modification of genes in pesticide decomposition
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Gene editing tools
14.3 Genomic tools for bioremediation Study
14.4 Genetic basis of pesticide degradation
14.5 Examples of gene manipulation for pesticide degradation
14.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 15 Influence of subsoil microbial community across different depths on the biodegradation of pesticides
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Subsurface environment
15.3 Subsoil microbial community
15.4 Factors affecting mineralization of pesticides
15.5 Mechanism of degradation
15.6 Accelerating the process of pesticide degradation
15.7 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 16 Use of pesticides and mechanism of resistance development in plants
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Pesticides production and use
16.3 Effects of pesticides
16.4 Development of genetically modified plants (GMP)
16.5 Genetically engineered crops in pesticide management
16.6 Plant microbiome: Conferring resistance to pesticides and xenobiotics
16.7 Defense mechanisms exhibited by plants
16.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 17 Impact of pesticides on microbial diversity
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Techniques used in assessment of soil microbial community
17.3 Impact of pesticides on soil microflora
17.4 Impact of pesticides on soil enzymes and associated biochemical reactions
17.5 Impact of pesticides on microbial diversity of aquatic environment
17.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 18 Removal of pesticides from wastewater by Fenton systems: Enhanced degradation by chelating agents and solar irradiation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Fenton-based reactions
18.3 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous systems
18.4 Effects of the main operational conditions
18.5 Chelating agents
18.5.2. Oxalate
18.6 Solar irradiation
18.7 Drawbacks and challenges
18.8 Environmental, toxicity, and safety concerns
18.9 Research needs
18.10 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19 Environmental impacts of synthetic and biofungicides
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Synthetic fungicides
19.3 Environmental impacts of synthetic fungicide
19.4 Biofungicides
19.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Index

Joginder Singh Panwar

Prof. Joginder Singh is a Professor at the Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, Nagaland, India. Previously, he worked as a Professor in the School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University and also as a Young Scientist at Microbial Biotechnology and Biofertilizer Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University on a research project funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. He is an active member of various scientific societies and organizations, including the Association of Microbiologists of India, the Indian Society of Salinity Research Scientists, the Indian Society for Radiation Biology, and the European Federation of Biotechnology. He has published extensively with Elsevier and Springer both in journals and books. He serves as a reviewer for many prestigious journals, including Current Research in Engineering, Science and Technology; Journal of Cleaner Production; Science of the Total Environment; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; Pedosphere; Soil and Sediment Contamination; Symbiosis; International Journal of Phytoremediation; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; Annals of Agricultural Sciences; and Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Nagaland, India

Ashok Pandey

Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow

Simranjeet Singh

Dr. Simranjeet Singh is presently working as post-doctoral fellow in Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Previously he was working as Project Scientist at Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali (India). Dr. Singh has been conferred the “Young Scientist” award by the IOSRD in 2018. He has more than 65 research and review articles and 33 book chapters. He is an active member of various scientific societies and organizations including, Asian Chemical society, Society for the Green Environment and editorial board member of Mini Review in Organic chemistry.

Affiliations and expertise

Post-doctoral fellow, Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Vinod Kumar Garg

Prof. Garg is presently working at the Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India. He is a well-rounded researcher with more than 30 years of experience in leading, supervising, and undertaking research in the broad field of solid and hazardous Waste Management. His research group are working on Water and Wastewater pollution monitoring and abatement. He has published more than 200 research and review articles, 22 proceedings, and 6 editorials in peer-reviewed journal of International and National journals of repute with more than citations 12000 In addition, he has published 2 book and 12 book chapters and completed 10 sponsored research project as PI funded by various agencies and departments. He was awarded “Thomson Reuters Research Excellence – India Citation Awards 2012”. He is an active member of various scientific societies and organizations including, the Biotech Research Society of India, the Indian Nuclear Society etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, India

Praveen C. Ramamurthy

Prof. Praveen C Ramamurthy received M. Sc. in Polymer science in 1995 from University of Mysore and PhD degree from Clemson University in the year 2004. He worked as a R&D Engineer in Therm-O-Disc, Mansfield, OH, USA and Research Scientist in Hoku Scientific, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. He joined IISc in the year 2007 and currently a Professor in the Department of Materials Engineering. He is also Associate faculty in Centre for Nano Science and Engineering and Inter Disciplinary Centre for Energy Research. His current research focuses on organic electronics including synthesis of conjugated polymer for the application in photovoltaics, and sensors and device package application with focus on stability and large area device fabrication. He has over 190 peer reviewed papers published and 18 patents to his credit.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

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Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management

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Innovate. Sustain. Transform.

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Joginder Singh Panwar

Ashok Pandey

Simranjeet Singh

Vinod Kumar Garg

Praveen C. Ramamurthy

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