Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Advances in Composting and Vermicomposting Technology

1st Edition - August 31, 2022

Editors: Ashok Pandey, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Zengqiang Zhang

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 8 7 4 - 9

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 5 0 4 - 8

Composting and vermicomposting are widely used biological processes for the management of the wastes produced by the communities and agricultural activities, which have… Read more

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Composting and vermicomposting are widely used biological processes for the management of the wastes produced by the communities and agricultural activities, which have experienced substantial growth during the last few years. Advances in Composting and Vermicomposting Technology summarizes the most important work conducted during the last few years under one cover. The book includes conventional and recent advancements in composting and vermicompostimg technologies, information regarding mitigation of greenhouse gases emission and resistant genes, and finally recovery of "Value-Added Materials" in the composting sectors. Furthermore it includes models and available upgradation, global case studies, opportunities and challenges (technical constraints, Institutional constraints and social constraints) associated with the composting technology advancement and finally, application of LCA and considerations in economic evaluation of composting technologies and other organic waste treatment strategies.

Cover Image
Series Editor
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction: Trends in composting and vermicomposting technologies
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Recent advancement of composting and vermicomposting technologies
1.3 Technology improvement; traditional vs modern composting
1.4 Effects of earthworms to improve rate of composting and compost quality
1.5 Dissipation pathways and mechanism of composting and vermicomposting
1.6 Global compost quality assessment in terms of composting and vermicomposting
1.7 Research limitations
1.8 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2 Vermicomposting technology for organic waste management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Global organic waste (OW) production
2.3 Organic waste management techniques
2.4 Vermicomposting technique
2.5 Products of vermicomposting and their uses
2.6 Vermicomposting for the management of organic waste
2.7 Recommendations and limitations of vermicomposting technology
2.8 Conclusion and prospective
References
Chapter 3 Innovations in design and operation of aeration devices for composting and vermicomposting
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Composting system regarding aeration devices
3.3 Application and limitations of composting and vermicomposting
3.4 Conclusions and prospectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4 Composting system and mature end-products production
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Composting techniques and design of composting facilities
4.3 Compost maturity
4.4 Improved composting system for mature compost production
4.4 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Modeling and optimization of composting technology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principles of modeling of composting technology
5.3 Modelling the composting process
5.4 Requirements of composting models for prediction of environmental effects
5.5 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Role of bulking agents and additive on composting
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The application of bulking agents and additive in the composting
6.1 The role of bulking agent during composting process
6.4 The role of additive on composting
6.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 7 Design principles of sustainable composting and recovery of value from compost
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Function of compost in soil
7.3 Factors affecting sustainable composting
7.4 Feedstock characteristics
7.5 Bulking materials
7.6 Composting facilities design
7.7 Design specifications
7.8 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 8 Role of microbes and microbial dynamics during composting
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Production and characteristics of solid waste
8.3 Characterization of solid waste
8.4 Pollution hazards, treatment, and management of solid waste
8.5 Treatment of solid waste
8.6 Utilization of solid waste
8.7 Regulatory framework for industrial compost
8.8 Microbes involved in composting
8.9 Impact of physicochemical parameters on microbial activity
8.10 Microbes discharge extracellular proteins during composting
8.11 Microbial community succession during composting
8.12 Composting accelerating microbial additives
8.13 Techniques used in profiling microbial community during composting
8.14 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 9 Antibiotic residues and the effects on composting process
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Physicochemical properties and source of antibiotics
9.3 Antibiotic residues in solid wastes
9.4 The fate of antibiotics during composting
9.5 The acute threaten of antibiotic: antibiotic resistance (AR)
9.6 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 10 Challenges and opportunities associated with composting and its end-products application
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The challenges with composting
10.3 The opportunities with composting
10.4 The critical aspects of composting process improvement towards a novel clean composting strategy
10.5 The benefits of compost land application
10.6 Economic feasibility analysis of composting
10.7 Challenges for composting vis-à-vis circular bioeconomy
10.8 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 11 Life-cycle assessment in composting technology
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Life-cycle environmental consequences
11.3 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 12 Economic and quality evaluation of composting technologies
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Composting
12.3 History of composting
12.4 Process of composting
12.5 Composting methods
12.6 Microbiology of composting
12.7 Factors affecting composting
12.8 Compost evaluation
12.9 Problems associated with commercialization
12.10 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 13 Business models of composting for a circular economy
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Composting and circular business practices in Spain
13.3 Composting and circular business practices in Romania
13.4 Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 14 Enabling environment sanitation and financing by composting technologies
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sanitary problems of conventional composting
14.3 Necessary conditions for the development of sanitary composting
14.4 Innovative approaches for promoting the environmental sanitation of composting in different countries
14.5 Outlook of the future development of environmental sanitation for composting
14.6 Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Ashok Pandey

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Distinguished Scientist at the Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India and Executive Director (Honorary) at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability – India. Formerly, he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali and Chief Scientist & Head of Biotechnology Division and Centre for Biofuels at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum. His major research and technological development interests are industrial & environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels & chemicals, waste to wealth & energy, industrial enzymes, etc. Professor Pandey is Adjunct/Visiting Professor/Scientist in universities in France, Brazil, Canada, China, Korea, South Africa, and Switzerland and also in several universities several in India. He has ~1425 publications/communications, which include 16 patents, 90 books, >700 papers and book chapters, etc with h index of 105 and ~48,800 citations (Goggle scholar). He has transferred several technologies to industries and has done industrial consultancy for about a dozen projects for Indian/international industries. Professor Pandey is the recipient of many national and international awards and honours, which include Highest Cited Researcher (Top 1% in the world), Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science (2020, 2019 & 2018); Top scientist in Biotechnology (#1 in India and #8 in the world), Stanford University world ranking (2020); Fellow, World Society of Sustainable Energy Technologies (2020); Fellow, Indian Chemical Society (2020); Distinguished Scientist, VDGOOD Professional Association, India (2020); Distinguished Professor of Eminence with global impact in the area of Biotechnology, Precious Cornerstone University, Nigeria (2020); IconSWM Life-time Achievement Award 2019, International Society for Solid Waste Management, KIIT, Bhubaneshwar, India (2019); Yonsei Outstanding Scholar, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (2019); Life-Time Achievement Award from the Biotech Research Society, India (2018); Life-Time Achievement Award from Venus International Research Awards (2018), Most Outstanding Researcher Award from Career360 (2018), Life-Time Achievement Award from the International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2017); Fellow, Royal Society of Biology, UK (2016); Felow, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability (2016); Academician of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, Austria (2015); Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, India (2012); Fellow, Association of Microbiologists of India (2008); Honorary Doctorate degree from Univesite Blaise Pascal, France (2007); Fellow, International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2007); Thomson Scientific India Citation Laureate Award, USA (2006); Fellow, the Biotech Research Society, India (2005); UNESCO Professor (2000); Raman Research Fellowship Award, CSIR (1995); GBF, Germany and CNRS, France Fellowships (1992) and Young Scientist Award (1989), etc. Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech Research Society, India (www.brsi.in); Founder & International Coordinator of International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, France (www.ifibiop.org), Chairman of the International Society for Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.in), Editor-in-chief of Bioresource Technology (http://ees.elsevier.com/bite/), Honorary Executive Advisor of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability (www.jees.in), Journal of Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing (https://www.springer.com/journal/43393), Journal of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (http://neerijese.org/editorial-board/), Subject Editor, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, India (https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/40011) and Associate Editor, Biologia – Section Cellular and Molecular Biology (https://www.springer.com/journal/11756/editors) and editorial board member of several international and Indian journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Distinguished Scientist, Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India

Mukesh Kumar Awasthi

Dr. Mukesh Kumar Awasthi is associate professor at the College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, China. His major research interests include a wide range of microbiology, environment science, biotechnology & bioengineering. He is associate editor of Bioengineered, Bioenergy & Biofuels, BMC- Microbiology, BioEnergy Research, Environment, Development and Sustainability & Frontier in microbiology. He is also editorial board member of Science of the total environment, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, Integrated Publishing Association, & Journal of Basic and Applied Mycology.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Republic of China

Zengqiang Zhang

Prof. Zengqiang Zhang is one of the leading personalities in the field of Environmental Science and Technology. His major research interests are in the areas of environmental microbiology, organic waste composting, bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, waste water treatment and nutrient recovery and mitigation of greenhouse gases emission during the organic waste composting etc. which include 2 books, 12 technical reports, 25 chapters in the books, more than 300 original and review papers and 150 research communications in international and national conferences

Affiliations and expertise

College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Republic of China