Current Controversies in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology , An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America

1st Edition, Volume 62-6 - October 15, 2024
Editors: Douglas S. Katz, John J. Hines
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 4 6 2 6 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 4 6 2 7 - 2

In this issue of Radiologic Clinics, guest editors Drs. Douglas S. Katz and John J. Hines bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Current Evidence for Selected Topics in… Read more

Current Controversies in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology , An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America

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In this issue of Radiologic Clinics, guest editors Drs. Douglas S. Katz and John J. Hines bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Current Evidence for Selected Topics in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. Current evidence in radiology asks the question: what is the most appropriate imaging test on the basis of the best available evidence, the physician's experience, and the patient's expectations? In this issue, top experts review current controversies in radiology and the evidence used to support or contradict the clinical question asked.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
CME Accreditation Page
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
How Do We Assess Controversies Using Evidence-Based Radiology?
Key points
Introduction
Diagnostic test performance
The effect of disease prevalence on sensitivity and specificity
Randomized controlled trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis in radiology
Decision-analytic and simulation modeling
Regression analysis, propensity score methods, and artificial intelligence
Bias in imaging research
Discussion
Clinics care points
Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: What Is Its True Role at Present, and Where Is the Evidence?
Key points
Introduction
Artificial intelligence in radiology: transforming imaging techniques and protocols
Artificial intelligence and imaging findings/pathology
Clinical applications
Redefining diagnostic criteria
Current landscape of artificial intelligence in radiology
Promises of artificial intelligence in radiology
Types of artificial intelligence in radiology
Challenges and limitations
Clinical evidence supporting artificial intelligence in radiology
Case studies
Future perspectives
Summary
Clinics care points
Iodine and Gadolinium Contrast Reactions: What Is the Risk and Role of Premedication, Abbreviated Protocols, Prior History of Reactions, and Cross-Reactivity?
Key points
Introduction
Discussion
Summary
Clinics care points
Iodinated Contrast and Nephropathy: Does It Exist and What Is the Actual Evidence?
Key points
Introduction
Intravascular contrast-associated AKI and intravascular contrast-induced AKI
Historical context of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Evidence against the existence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Evidence supporting the existence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury and contrast-associated acute kidney injury
Potential long-term risks of iodinated contrast material exposure
Potential contrast-associated acute kidney injury and contrast-induced acute kidney injury risk factors
Screening for contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Creatinine and newer contrast-induced acute kidney injury biomarkers
Future considerations
Current recommendations for iodinated contrast material use
Summary
Clinics care points
Potpourri of Contrast Controversies and Myths: Where Is the Actual Evidence?
Key points
Introduction
The evidence behind barium peritonitis
Iodinated contrast use in patients with a shellfish allergy
Iodinated contrast use in patients with a solitary kidney
The role of prophylactic hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal disease in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy
Intravenous contrast administration during pregnancy and lactation
Contrast osmolality and the risk of intravenous contrast allergy
Iodinated contrast administration and thyroid function of pediatric patients
Gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
The role of hemodialysis after the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents
Summary
Clinics care points
Vertebral Augmentation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: What is the Current Evidence Pro and Con?
Key points
Introduction
Discussion
Clinics care points
More than a Half Century of Misinformation About Breast Cancer Screening
Key points
Introduction
Screening guidelines over time
Experts were excluded
“Experts” with no expertise
Fundamental fact: the randomized controlled trials proved that screening saves lives for women aged 40 to 74 years
Noncompliance and contamination
Observational studies confirm the benefit in general populations
“Frosting on the cake”
Death rates fall in the United States soon after the start of screening
Why do women with breast cancer do better than men?
“Overdiagnosis” has been falsely blamed on screening
False claims have been raised about the “harms” of screening in support of reduced screening “recalls” for additional evaluation
There is no scientific support for using the age of 50 years as a threshold for screening
It is falsely claimed that screening does not reduce “all-cause mortality”
It is falsely claimed that screening is ineffective because it does not reduce the rate of advanced cancers
It is claimed that we should only screen women who are at elevated risk of developing breast cancer
Screening every 2 years means that women will die whose lives could be saved by annual screening
The bottom line
Venous Interventions: Controversies in the Management of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis and the Role of the Interventional Radiologist
Key points
Acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome: scope of the problem
Post-thrombotic syndrome: pathophysiology and the “open vein hypothesis”
Anticoagulation as first-line therapy
Evidence-based role of catheter-directed thrombolysis and pharmacomechanical thrombectomy in prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome: early supportive studies
The Catheter-directed Venous Thrombolysis trial
The acute venous thrombosis: thrombus removal with adjunctive catheter-directed thrombolysis trial
Summary and future directions
Clinics care points
Funding
Imaging of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Evidence
Key points
Introduction
Diagnosis of cirrhosis
Screening of hepatocellular carcinoma
Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Summary
Evidence-Based Review of Current Cross-Sectional Imaging of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Key points
Introduction
CT enterography and MR enterography imaging technique
CT enterography and MR enterography utilization
Crohn’s disease imaging findings
Quantitative Crohn’s disease activity assessment
Ulcerative colitis imaging findings
Summary
Clinics care points
Ultrasound Contrast Agents: Current Role in Adults and Children for Various Indications
Key points
Introduction/background
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound advantages and disadvantages
Uses of contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Summary
Clinics care points
Trauma and ‘Whole’ Body Computed Tomography: Role, Protocols, Appropriateness, and Evidence to Support its Use and When
Key points
Introduction
Indications and rationale for whole-body computed tomography in polytrauma
Whole-body computed tomography technique
Dual-energy computed tomography, post-processing techniques, and applications in polytrauma
Injury spectrum
Cranio-cervical injuries
Traumatic aortic injury
Diaphragmatic injuries
Cardiac, pulmonary trunk, and thoracic inferior vena cava injury
Non-vascular chest injury
Bowel injury
Mesenteric injury
Solid organ injury (liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and adrenals)
Other vascular injuries
Diagnostic pitfalls
Incidental findings
Artificial intelligence use in polytrauma whole-body computed tomography
Radiation exposure in whole-body computed tomography
Structured reporting
Summary

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Current Controversies in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology , An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America

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Douglas S. Katz

John J. Hines