Crossed-field Microwave Devices V3

Contributors to Volume I

Foreword

Preface

Contributors to Volume II

Contents of Volume II

Chapter 1 ∙ Introduction

Chapter 2 ∙ Periodic Structures

2.1 General Properties of Periodic Structures

I. Fundamental Considerations about Delay Lines

II. Floquet's Theorem

III. Orthonormality Properties of the Modes

IV. Equality of the Magnetic and Electric Energies Stored in a Cell

V. Space Harmonics

VI. Group Velocity and Energy Velocity

VII. The Reactance Theorem and Dispersion

VIII. Perturbations by a Current—General Cases

IX. Babinet's Principle

List of Symbols

References

2.2 Theory of Bar Lines

I. Transverse Modes on Infinite Arrays of Bars

II. Periodic Array

III. Calculation of the Characteristic Admittance and Space Harmonic Intensity

List of Symbols

References

2.3 Circuits for Traveling Wave Crossed-Field Tubes

I. The Interdigital Line

II. The Ladder Line

III. The Helix and the Vane Type Line

IV. A Biperiodic Structure: The Multiple Interdigital Line

V. The Infinitely Thin Zigzag Line

VI. Main Parameters of the Interdigital Line, Half Ladder Line, and Vane Type Line

List of Symbols

References

2.4 The Interdigital Line as a Waveguide

I. Introduction

II. Region I—Enclosed Region

III. Region II—Energy Between Fingers

IV. Region III—Interaction Space Side of Fingers

V. Propagation Factor and Low-Frequency Cutoff

VI. Solution for Impedance

VII. Example of Calculated Results

Appendix—Static Field Analysis for Region II

List of Symbols

References

2.5 The Effect of Tolerance on Interdigital Lines

I. Continuous Small Periodic Errors

II. Stepwise Systematic Error (Misregister)

III. Stepwise Random Errors

IV. Conclusions

List of Symbols

References

2.6 Measurements

I. The Delay Factor

II. The Coupling Impedance

III. The Matching of the Input and Output Circuits

IV. Attenuation of the Structure

List of Symbols

References

2.7 Mode Spectrum of Strapped Type Magnetron

I. Strapped Type

List of Symbols

References

Chapter 3 ∙ The Cathode Gun and Its Static Characteristics

3.1 The Cathode edited

3.1.1 The Coated Types

3.1.2 The Matrix Types

3.2 Electron Gun Optics and Associated Static Characteristics of Injection Systems

3.2.1 Beam Launching in High Power Crossed-Field Tubes

3.2.2 Static Characteristics of Injection Crossed-Field Tubes

3.2.3 A New Type of Crossed-Field Electron Gun

Chapter 4 ∙ Dynamic Phenomena: Noise and Space-Charge Modes

4.1 Preoscillation Phenomena in Space-Charge Clouds below the Main Oscillation Threshold

I. Magnetron Theory and the "Steady State."

II. The Failure of the Cutoff Relation

III. The Nature of Preoscillation

IV. A First-Order Theory for an Oscillating Double Stream Model

V. Implications of the Theory

VI. A Qualitative Picture of Magnetron Starting

Conclusion

List of Symbols

References

4.2 Symmetrical States and Their Breakup

I. Introduction

II. Thermal Spread

III. Collisions

IV. Relativity and Self-Magnetic Fields

V. End Effects and Imperfections

VI. Space Charge

VII. Symmetrical Clouds

VIII. Brillouin Flow in Planar Devices

IX. The Establishment of the Brillouin State in Transience

X. Stability

XI. Rotating Axes—Larmor Frame

XII. Rotating Axes—the Wave Frame

XIII. The Threshold

XIV. Efficiency of DC Energy Conversion, and Back-Bombardment

XV. The Build-Up of Asymmetries

XVI. Turbulence and Multiple Streaming

List of Symbols

References

4.3 Statistical Theory of the Magnetron Space Charge

I. Introduction

II. Phase-Space Description of the Space-Charge Distribution

III. Approximate Determination of the Space-Charge Distribution

IV. Confirmation and Conclusion

List of Symbols

References

4.4 Electron Interaction in the Static Magnetron

I. Early Observations

II. More Recent Experiments

III. Present Status of the (Static) Magnetron Problem

IV. Concluding Remarks

List of Symbols

References

4.5 Cutoff Characteristics of the Static Magnetron Diode

I. Introduction

II. The Current before Cutoff

III. Thermal Effects at Cutoff

IV. The Magnetron Diode after Cutoff

List of Symbols

References

4.6 Magnetron Diode Oscillations

I. Introduction and General Discussion

II. Theory of Velocity-Resonance Oscillations

III. Experimental Observations of Oscillations

IV. Conclusions

List of Symbols

References

4.7 Noise in Magnetrons

I. Sources of Noise

List of Symbols

References

4.8 Noise in Crossed-Field Electron Beams

I. Introduction

II. Review of Experiments

III. Reviews of Theoretical Investigations

IV. Conclusions

List of Symbols

References

4.9 Enhanced Emission

I. Introduction

II. Enhanced Emission from Pure Metal Cathodes

III. Present Understanding of Enhanced Emission

IV. Significance of Enhanced Emission in Magnetron Design and Development

List of Symbols

References

Chapter 5 ∙ Dynamic Phenomena: Interaction of Beams and Circuits

5.1 Small Signal Theory and Experiment

5.1.1 The RF Theory of Crossed-Field Devices

5.1.2 Small Signal Theory

5.2 Large Signal Theory and Experiment

5.2.1 Comments about Large Signal Theory

5.2.2 Nonlinear Theory of Injected-Beam Crossed-Field Devices

5.2.3 Crossed-Field Electron Interaction in Space-Charge Limited Beams

5.2.4 The Large Signal Behavior of Crossed-Field Traveling Wave Devices

5.2.5 Numerical Analysis of Beam Type Crossed-Field Traveling Wave Tubes

5.2.6 Planar Magnetron Theory and Applications

5.2.7 Effect of the Elimination of Higher-Order Space Harmonics on Magnetron Characteristics

5.2.8 Calculation of the Performance Chart of a Magnetron

5.2.9 Space-Charge Considerations of Magnetrons

5.2.10 Field Patterns and Oscillation Build-Up in Magnetrons

Appendix to Volume I

Subject Index