Craig's Restorative Dental Materials

Master the use of dental materials with this all-in-one guide to restorative materials and procedures! Craig’s Restorative Dental Materials, Fifteenth Edition, addresses the fundamental concepts and skills needed to understand the science behind dental materials and their appropriate selection when designing and fabricating restorations. It begins with fundamentals and moves on to advanced skills in the manipulation of dental materials, providing insight on the latest advances and research along the way. From an expert author team, this comprehensive resource is considered to be the standard in the field of dental restorative materials.

1. Role and Significance of Restorative Dental Materials
- Scope of Materials Covered in Restorative Dentistry
- A Systems Approach to Restorative Materials
- Application of Various Sciences
- Future Developments in Biomaterials

2. The Oral Environment
- Enamel
- The Mineral
- Dentin
- Physical and Mechanical Properties
- The Dentin–Enamel Junction
- Oral Biofilms and Oral Health
- Early Oral Biofilm Development on Enamel
- Oral Biofilm Maturation
- Oral Biofilm Development on Restorative and Implant Materials
- Interactions of Oral Biofilms With Common Restorative Materials
- Interactions of Oral Biofilms With Denture and Implant Materials
- Caries Prevention

3. Materials-Centered Treatment Design
- Evidence-Based Dentistry
- Patient Evidence
- Scientific Evidence
- Planning for Dental Treatment

4. Fundamentals of Materials Science
- Mechanical Properties
- Force
- Stress
- Stress-Strain Curves
- Viscoelasticity
- Dynamic Mechanical Properties
- Surface Mechanical Properties
- The Colloidal State
- Diffusion Through Membranes and Osmotic Pressure
- Adsorption, Absorption, and Sorption
- Surface Tension and Wetting
- Adhesion
- Optical Properties
- Color
- Measurement of Color
- Surface Finish and Thickness
- Opacity, Translucency, Transparency, and Opalescence
- Index of Refraction
- Optical Constants
- Thermal Properties
- Temperature
- Transition Temperatures
- Heat of Fusion
- Thermal Conductivity
- Specific Heat
- Thermal Diffusivity
- Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
- Electrical Properties
- Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity
- Dielectric Constant
- Electromotive Force
- Galvanism
- Electrochemical Corrosion
- Other Properties
- Tarnish and Discoloration
- Water Sorption
- Setting Time
- Shelf Life
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Reaction to Biomaterials
- Reactions of Pulp
- Reaction of Other Oral Soft Tissues to Restorative Materials
- Summary

5. General Classes of Biomaterials
- Metals and Alloys
- Chemical and Atomic Structure of Metals
- Atomic Structure
- Physical Properties of Metals
- Polymers
- Basic Nature of Polymers
- Principles of Polymerization
- Polymerization Mechanism
- Phases of Addition Polymerization
- Ceramics
- Composites

6. Preventive Dental Materials: Compounds Increasing Mineral Saturation and Diffusion Barriers
- Fluoride-Containing Agents and Materials
- Fluoride Varnishes
- Silver Diamine Fluoride
- Glass Ionomer to Prevent Progression of Caries
- Composition and Setting
- Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications of GI and RMGI
- Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate
- Composition
- Properties
- Application
- Clinical Studies
- Sodium Trimetaphosphate
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications
- Clinical Studies
- Bioactive Glass
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications
- Clinical Studies
- Calcium Hydroxide
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications
- Clinical Studies
- Tricalcium Silicate Cements
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications
- Clinical Studies
- Pit and Fissure Sealants
- Resin-Based Pit and Fissure Sealants
- Composition
- Properties
- Application of Resin-Based Sealants
- Flowable Composites as Sealants
- Clinical Outcomes Using Different Types of Sealants
- Resin Infiltration
- Composition
- Properties
- Applications
- Clinical Studies

7. Principles of Adhesion and Adhesive Systems
- Principles of Adhesion
- Types of Adhesion
- Adhesive Systems
- Bonding Substrates
- Bonding to Other Substrates
- Repair of Composite, Ceramic, and Ceramic-Metal Restorations

8. Polymeric Restorative Materials
- Resin Composites
- Multipurpose Resin Composites
- Composition
- Polymerization Reactions
- Packaging of Composites
- Properties of Composites
- Physical Properties
- Mechanical Properties
- Clinical Properties
- Composites for Special Applications
- Bulk-Fill Composites
- Flowable Composites
- Laboratory Composites
- Core Build-Up Composites
- Provisional Composites
- Light-Curing Units
- Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen Light-Curing Units
- Blue Light-Emitting Diodes
- Blue Light Hazards
- Prosthetic Applications of Polymers
- Physical Form and Composition
- Non-restorative Uses for Polymers: Athletic Mouth Protectors

9. Restorative Materials: Metals
- Metals for Direct Placement: Amalgam
- Composition and Morphology
- Amalgamation Processes: Admixed Alloys
- Physical and Mechanical Properties
- Bonding of Amalgam
- Dental Casting Alloys
- Types and Composition
- Metallic Elements Used in Dental Alloys
- Noble Alloys
- Base-Metal Alloys
- Wrought Alloys
- Microstructure
- Composition
- Properties
- Wrought Stainless Steel Alloys
- Wrought Nickel-Titanium Alloy
- Wrought Beta-Titanium Alloy

10. Restorative Materials: Ceramics
- Ceramics
- Classification of Dental Ceramics
- Classification by Application
- Classification by Fabrication Method
- Classification by Crystalline Phase
- General Applications of Ceramics in Prosthetic Dentistry
- Metal-Ceramic Crowns and Fixed Dental Prostheses
- All-Ceramic Inlays, Onlays, Veneers, Crowns, and Fixed Dental Prostheses
- Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Dental Ceramics
- Toughening Mechanisms
- Test Methods
- Comparative Data
- Optical Properties of Dental Ceramics
- All-Ceramic Restorations
- Sintered All-Ceramic Materials
- Heat-Pressed All-Ceramic Materials
- Machinable All-Ceramic Materials
- Metal-Ceramic Restorations
- Requirements for a Metal-Ceramic System
- Metal-Ceramic Bonding
- Ceramics for Metal-Ceramic Restorations
- Effect of Design on Metal-Ceramic Restorations
- Failure and Repair of Metal-Ceramic Restorations

11. Impression and Casting Material
- Clinical Use of Impression Materials
- Desirable Qualities of Impression Materials
- Types of Impression Materials
- Alginate Hydrocolloids
- Elastomeric Impression Materials
- Occlusal Registration Materials
- Impression Trays
- Cast or Die Materials
- Desirable Qualities of a Cast or Die Material
- Gypsum Products
- Chemical and Physical Nature of Gypsum Products
- Properties
- Manipulation
- Epoxy Die Materials
- Comparison of Impression and Die Materials
- Casting Investments
- Properties Required of an Investment
- Composition
- Calcium Sulfate-Bonded Investments
- Effect of Temperature on Investment
- Thermal and Hygroscopic Casting Investment
- Brazing Investment
- Investments for All-Ceramic Restorations

12. Cementation
- Classification and Characteristics of Luting Agents
- Classification
- Biocompatibility
- Interfacial Sealing and Anticariogenic Activity
- Adhesion
- Mechanical Properties
- Handling Properties and Radiopacity
- Viscosity and Film Thickness
- Solubility
- Aesthetics
- Acid-Base Cements
- Zinc Oxide–Eugenol and Non-eugenol Cements
- Glass Ionomer
- Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer
- Calcium Aluminate/Glass-Ionomer Cement
- Resin-Based Cements
- Resin Cements
- Self-Adhesive Resin Cements
- Resin Cements for Provisional Restorations

13. Technology
- Introduction
- Data Acquisition
- Digital Scan File
- Direct Scanning
- Indirect Scanning
- Computer-Aided Design
- Data Import
- Virtual Model Preparation
- Virtual Restoration Design
- Virtual Simulation Technologies
- Computer-Aided Manufacturing
- Subtractive Manufacturing
- Additive Manufacturing

14. Dental and Orofacial Implants
- Classification
- Endosseous Implant
- Osseointegration and Biointegration
- Factors Affecting the Endosteal Implant
- Geometry
- Magnitude of the Force
- Duration of the Force
- Type of Force
- Implant Diameter
- Implant Length
- Surfaces and Biocompatibility
- Ion Release
- Surfaces
- Surface Alterations
- Surface Coatings
- Implant Materials and Processing
- Challenges and the Future

15. Tissue Engineering
- Autograft
- Allograft
- Xenograft
- Alloplasts
- Strategies for Tissue Engineering
- Injection of Cells
- Guided Tissue Regeneration
- Cell Induction
- Cells Within Scaffold Matrices
- Stem Cells
- Biomaterials and Scaffolds
- Biological Materials
- Ceramic and Glass Materials
- Polymeric Materials
- Protein-Based Hydrogels
- Cell Culture Methods
- Tissue-Engineered Dental Tissues

Appendix A: Conversion of Units
Index

CP

Carmem S. Pfeifer

Dr. Pfeifer teaches Dental Materials and serves as an instructor in several Restorative Dentistry pre-clinical disciplines. She has published close to 60 research articles in the field of Dental Materials Sciences and serves as the reviewer for several journals in dentistry, polymer science and biomaterials, as well as for the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research at NIH. Her research focuses on the development of innovative polymeric materials for restorative dentistry, as well as on the development of analytical tools to characterize polymer properties evolution in real-time.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor Biomaterials and Biomechanics, OHSU, USA

JF

Jack Ferracane

Dr. Ferracane is a founding fellow and past-President of the Academy of Dental Materials. He is a past-President of the American Association for Dental Research. He is the recipient of the Wilmer Souder Award from the Dental Materials Group of the IADR, the Founders Award from the Academy of Dental Materials, and the Hollenback Award from the Academy of Operative Dentistry. He is an honorary member of the American College of Dentists and the Oregon Dental Association. He has authored or co-authored several textbooks on dental materials and operative dentistry and has published extensively on biomaterials.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science, University Portland, Oregon, USA

RS

Ronald L. Sakaguchi

Dr. Sakaguchi integrates a systems perspective, design tools, and strategic innovation and entrepreneurship with a focus on execution in collaborating with graduate students in healthcare management and executive leaders. Dr. Sakaguchi has a clinical and biomaterials science research background, with experience in business development, design for strategic initiatives, facilitation of strategy development, and coaching. In the Division of Management, Dr. Sakaguchi is the course director for an MBA course in healthcare innovation and the graduate capstone business consulting program.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Dean for Technology and Innovation Professor, Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science, University Portland, OR, USA

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Craig's Restorative Dental Materials

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Carmem S. Pfeifer

Jack Ferracane

Ronald L. Sakaguchi

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