COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System
From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management
- 1st Edition - October 11, 2024
- Editors: Brian C. Case, Ron Waksman
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 4 0 0 1 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 4 0 0 2 - 0
COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management comprehensively covers COVID-19’s impact on the cardiovascular system. Coverage includes the… Read more
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Request a sales quoteCOVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management comprehensively covers COVID-19’s impact on the cardiovascular system. Coverage includes the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with COVID-19 with cardiac involvement. In a concise but comprehensive manner, the book's content reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology of COVID-19, cardiovascular clinical manifestations, non-invasive and invasive diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic options, outcomes data, role of the COVID-19 vaccine, and long-term outcomes/management.
This is the perfect reference for basic and clinical researchers in cardiovascular medicine as well as practicing clinical cardiologists who are dealing with COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement.
This is the perfect reference for basic and clinical researchers in cardiovascular medicine as well as practicing clinical cardiologists who are dealing with COVID-19 patients with cardiac involvement.
- Explains the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and clinical outcomes of patients presenting with COVID-19 and cardiac involvement
- Elucidates new and emerging options to treat this disease process
- Provides concise, well validated, published data available in one single resource
Basic and clinical researchers in cardiovascular medicine, Practicing clinical cardiologists
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 1. Prologue
- A once-in-a-century pandemic
- Direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on the heart
- Indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on the heart and cardiac care systems
- Effects of underlying heart disease on COVID-19 outcomes
- Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the heart
- Conclusions
- Chapter 2. Introduction and epidemiology
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and clinical characteristics
- Origins
- Transmission
- Vulnerable populations
- Clinical manifestations: Then and now
- Myocarditis and myocardial injury
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmia
- Thromboembolic events
- Variants
- Alpha
- Delta
- Omicron
- Vaccination
- Chapter 3. Pathophysiology of COVID-19
- Introduction to COVID-19
- The origin of SARS-CoV-2: A subgenus of zoonotic Coronaviruses with bats as the most likely reservoir host
- SARS-CoV-2 viral structure and binding to human cells
- Immune response in COVID-19
- The innate immune response to COVID-19
- The adaptive immune response to COVID-19
- The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the cardiovascular system
- Imaging and histological evidence of SARS-CoV-2-releated myocardial injury
- COVID-19-related myocardial injury: The proposed mechanisms
- Direct cellular injury
- Direct damage to endothelial cells and endotheliitis
- SARS-CoV-2-induced hypercoagulopathy
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome-mediated cardiac injury
- SARS-CoV-2-associated autoimmune reaction and post-COVID-19 vaccine myocarditis
- The long-term cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19
- The cardiovascular manifestations of long COVID and increased cardiovascular risks
- Structural and functional consequences of cardiac injury in long COVID
- Proposed pathophysiology of cardiovascular long COVID
- Chapter 4. Risk factors and special populations
- Special populations: General considerations
- Overview
- Sex and demographic factors
- HIV
- Chagas disease
- Rheumatologic disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Malignancy
- Pediatric groups and adolescent patients
- Adult congenital heart disease
- Mental health conditions
- Special populations: Athletes
- The profound impact of COVID-19 on the sports landscape
- Impact of COVID-19 infection on the athletes' cardiovascular health
- Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on athletes
- Post-COVID symptoms
- Lessons learned
- Special populations: Pregnancy
- Disease severity in pregnancy
- Risk factors
- Specific cardiovascular complications in pregnancy
- Myocardial injury
- Arrhythmias
- Heart failure
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
- Thromboembolic complications
- Post-COVID-19 sequelae
- Prepregnancy counseling and delivery considerations
- Summary
- Chapter 5. Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the heart
- Introduction
- Etiology of myocardial injury after COVID-19 infection
- General concept of virus structure and cell entry mechanism
- Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the heart
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and myocarditis
- Histological diagnosis of myocarditis in COVID-19
- 6.2 Type of inflammatory cell in myocardium of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19
- Mechanism of myocardial ischemia following SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Mechanisms of microthrombi formation in the COVID-19 heart
- Endothelial activation
- Complement, platelet, coagulation cascade, and NETs
- Cytokine storm
- Long-term cardiovascular complication after SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Summary and conclusion
- Chapter 6. Cardiac clinical manifestations
- Myocardial injury and acute myocarditis
- Clinical presentation and workup
- Heart failure and stress-induced cardiomyopathy
- Clinical presentation and work-up
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Clinical presentation and work-up
- Arrhythmias
- Clinical presentation and work-up
- Venous thrombo-embolic disease
- Clinical presentation and work-up
- Pericarditis
- Clinical presentation and work-up
- Long COVID syndrome
- Conclusions
- Chapter 7. The impact of COVID-19 on acute myocardial infarction care
- Introduction
- Direct effects
- Indirect effects
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- ST-elevation myocardial infarction care
- Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction care
- Acute coronary syndrome patients with COVID-19 infection
- Future directions and initiatives to improve care
- Summary
- Chapter 8. Noninvasive diagnostic evaluation
- Introduction
- Venous thromboembolism
- Diagnosis
- Assessment of clinical (pretest) probability
- D-dimer testing considerations
- Chest radiograph
- Electrocardiographic findings in PE
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)
- Extremity venous Doppler ultrasound
- Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography
- Lung scintigraphy
- Imaging, laboratory, and other clinical investigations for risk stratification
- Myocarditis
- Diagnostic evaluation for COVID-19-related myocarditis
- Cardiac biomarker testing in COVID-19-related myocarditis
- Electrocardiogram
- Cardiovascular imaging
- Echocardiography
- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)
- COVID-19-associated pericardial involvement
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and COVID-19
- Electrocardiography (ECG)
- Cardiac troponin T/I
- Noninvasive imaging
- Functional evaluation: Echocardiography, CMR, and SPECT
- Echocardiography
- Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)
- Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)
- Nuclear cardiology
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC)
- Incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Investigations
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Conclusion
- Chapter 9. Invasive diagnostic evaluation: The role of coronary angiography in the evaluation of COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury
- Introduction
- Myocardial injury
- Myocardial injury in COVID-19
- Role of coronary angiography in myocardial injury pre-COVID-19 pandemic
- Role of coronary angiography in myocardial injury during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Role of coronary angiography in myocardial injury post-COVID-19 pandemic
- Conclusions
- Chapter 10. COVID-19 and the heart: Acute and long-term treatment options
- Introduction
- Spectrum of disease
- Acute coronary syndrome: Diagnosis and management in COVID-19 patients
- Other treatment options in an acute infection
- Remdesivir
- Dexamethasone
- Role of ECMO and supportive care
- Role of IL-6 inhibitors
- Role of Janus kinase inhibitors
- Role of anticoagulation
- Long-term treatment options and heart transplant
- Cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation
- Conclusion
- Chapter 11. Acute clinical outcome and prognosis
- Introduction
- Abnormal laboratory or imaging tests without clinical involvement
- Cardiac Biomarkers
- Electrocardiogram
- Transthoracic Echocardiogram
- Left heart catheterization
- Computed Tomography
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Endomyocardial biopsy
- Acute Clinical Cardiac Manifestations and Prognosis (Fig. 11.1)
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
- Stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy
- Myocardial Infarction
- Atrial fibrillation
- Ventricular arrhythmia and bradycardia
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Heart failure
- Summary
- Chapter 12. Long-term clinical outcomes and prognosis
- Introduction
- PASC
- Symptoms
- Classification and mechanisms
- PASC-CVD
- PASC-CVS
- Structural consequences
- COVID heart
- Myocarditis
- Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccine
- Myocardial infarction
- Venous thromboembolic disorders
- Stroke
- Functional consequences
- Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- Inappropriate sinus tachycardia
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Reflex syncope
- Evaluation and management
- Prognostic impact of COVID-19
- Future perspectives
- Chapter 13. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with heart failure and valvular disease
- Introduction
- Physiology of SARS-CoV-2 as it relates to heart failure
- Impact of COVID-19 on the development of HF and VHD
- Arterial and venous thrombosis
- Pulmonary hypertension and RV failure
- Ischemia
- Myocarditis and vasculitis
- Arrhythmia
- Stress cardiomyopathy
- Valvular heart disease
- COVID-19 infection among patients with preexisting HF or VHD
- Initial diagnosis and management
- Guideline-directed medical therapies
- Valvular heart disease
- Impact of COVID-19 on healthcare delivery for patients with HF and valvular heart disease
- Access to valvular interventions
- Evaluation for advanced therapies
- Shift to telehealth
- COVID-19 among LVAD and HT patients
- LVAD recipients
- Heart transplant recipients
- Importance of COVID-19 vaccination for HF and VHD patients
- Conclusion
- Chapter 14. Emerging therapeutic options
- Introduction
- COVID-19 treatment options
- Antiviral agents
- Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMVr)
- Remdesivir
- Molnupiravir
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Immunomodulators
- Corticosteroids
- Interleukin-6 inhibitors
- Janus kinase inhibitors
- Vilobelimab
- Drug-drug interactions of COVID-19 therapies and cardiovascular medications
- Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir
- Other COVID-19 therapies
- Postacute sequelae of COVID-19
- Conclusion
- Chapter 15. The role of COVID-19 vaccination
- Introduction
- COVID-19 vaccine platforms and the cardiovascular system
- Protein subunit
- RNA
- Nonreplicating viral vector
- Inactivated virus
- Effectiveness of SARS-COV-2 vaccine in individuals with cardiac risk factors and established cardiovascular disease
- Cardiac risk factors
- Established cardiovascular disease
- Cardiovascular side effects of COVID-19 vaccines
- Myocarditis and pericarditis
- Overview and incidence
- Mechanism
- Clinical presentation and evaluation
- Management and prognosis
- Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia
- Overview and incidence
- Mechanism
- Clinical presentation and evaluation
- Management and prognosis
- Other cardiovascular side effects of COVID-19 vaccines
- Myocardial infarction
- Arrhythmia
- Hypertension
- Stress cardiomyopathy
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccines on cardiovascular outcomes
- Cardioprotective effects of vaccination
- Myocarditis and pericarditis
- Myocardial infarction and cardiac injury
- Arrhythmia
- Recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in high-risk individuals
- Heart failure
- Coronary artery disease
- Cardiac transplant
- Conclusion
- Index
- No. of pages: 342
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 11, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443140013
- eBook ISBN: 9780443140020
BC
Brian C. Case
Brian Case, MD, FACC, FSACI is an Interventional Cardiologist at MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, working at MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital. He is the Chief of Interventional Cardiology and Director of the Cardiac Cath Lab at MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital. He holds an appointment of Assistant Professor of Medicine, Georgetown University. He is board certified in interventional cardiology, cardiovascular disease and internal medicine with extensive fellowship training. He is also an associate editor of the Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine Journal.
He has as written over ten first author manuscripts on original data evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. This includes clinical outcomes, therapeutic options, and the role of the COVID-19 vaccine on outcomes. He has also written several editorials and review papers on the topic. His work has been presented at multiple national cardiology conference. His healthcare center (MedStar) has been a contributing site to the North American COVID-19 Myocardial infarction Registry, which is a national, multi-site registry evaluating patients with COVID-19 presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The registry has already published multiple manuscripts with plans to continue this work.
Affiliations and expertise
Scientific Lead, MedStar Cardiovascular Research Network, Maryland, USARW
Ron Waksman
Ron Waksman, MD, FACC, FESC, MSCAI, is a distinguished Professor of Cardiology at Georgetown University, Associate Director of Cardiology at MedStar Washington Hospital Center, and Director of Cardiovascular Research and Advanced Education at MedStar Health. A globally recognized interventional cardiologist, he has been Principal Investigator for over 230 clinical studies.
He is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Cardiovascular, Revascularization Medicine, and is founder and chair of the Cardiovascular Research Technology meeting. He is credited on 15 patents in vascular brachytherapy, covered stents, leaflet valve modification, and balloon technology.
His research interests include brachytherapy for restenosis prevention, stent technology, biodegradable scaffolds, HDL therapy, vulnerable plaque, intracoronary imaging, structural heart disease, cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, and chronic total occlusion intervention. Dr. Waksman's scholarly contributions include over 1000 published manuscripts, over 16 edited textbooks, and 47 book chapters. He is also founder and Editor-in-Chief of the CRTonline and the CardioTube websites.
Affiliations and expertise
MedStar Washington Hospital CenterRead COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System on ScienceDirect