COSPAR: Space Research

ContentsForewordPrefaceHighlights of Recent Space Research Global Development of Space Research, 1977-1978Remote Sensing The Earth's Surface The Spectral Characteristics of Selected Surface Phenomena and their Impact on the Design of an Opto-electronic Multispectral System Photointerpretation of Computer Enhanced LANDSAT Images of Serbia (Yugoslavia) The Use of Weather Satellite Data in the Evaluation of National Water Resources, with Special Reference to the Sultanate of Oman The Microwave Remote Sensing Experiment in the First Spacelab Payload and Plans for Further Spacelab Instrumentation Meteorology Atmospheric and Surface Radiation Balance as Determined from Satellite Data Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Fields from Satellite IR and Microwave Pictures Preliminary Results from the First European Geostationary Meteorological Satellite METEOSAT Dynamic Interpretation of METEOSAT Imagery Standardization of Satellite Images of the NOAA Scanning Radiometer Signals for an Objective Cloud Classification Dynamic Classification of Mesoscale Cloud Patterns Infrared Measurements over Cirrus Clouds in the 6.5 and 11.5 μɱ Regions On the Assimilation of Non-Simultaneous Satellite and Conventional Meteorological Data Using Statistical Weights The Middle Atmosphere Remote Sensing Studies Review of Climatological Information Obtained from Remote Sensing of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Water Vapour and Ozone in the Mesosphere Observed from "Salyut-5" Comparisons of Atmospheric Temperatures Derived from Falling Sphere and Grenade Experiments Conducted at Wallops Island in 1975 Direct Observations Summary of Atmospheric Observations and Investigations in the Altitude Region from 20 to 80 km Preliminary Results of the Intercomparison Test of US and USSR Meteorological Systems at Wallops Island August 1977 Preliminary Results of the US-USSR Meteorological Rocketsonde Intercomparison Held at Wallops Island, August 1977 Annual Variation and Variability of Meteorological Parameters in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Stratospheric Motions as Noted from Daily Rocket Soundings Equatorial Stratospheric and Mesospheric Structural Variations During the Years 1971-74 Models Review of Data and Models of the Middle Atmosphere Physical Properties Affecting the Existence of Small Ice Particles in the Mesosphere Planetary Waves The Vertical Structure of Planetary Waves and Associated Meridional Transports of Momentum and Heat in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Variations of Turbopause Altitude Variation of the Turbopause Level in the Polar Regions The Thermosphere CIRA 1972, Recent Atmospheric Models, and Improvements in Progress Variability of Solar Ultraviolet Flux and its Significance to Models of the Neutral Upper Atmosphere Some Features of EUV Solar Activity Indices Comparison of Atmospheric Temperatures According to CIRA-72 and Nightglow Data Investigation of the 27-day Periodicity in Thermospheric Density Fluctuations Natural Gas Density and Temperature Incoherent Scatter Data Related to Thermaspheric Modelling Analysis of Perturbations of the Total Density Determined by the Lowg Accelerometer Cactus Determination of Density Scale Height Profiles Geomagnetic Effects in the Exosphere HEAO-1 Observations of X-ray Fluorescent Emission Lines from the Earth1s Sunlit Atmosphere Mass Spectrometer Observations Gas Densities Near 230 km from Orbital Drag and Mass Spectrometer Measurements - A Comparison Aeros-B: Annual Variations of He,N,0,N2, and Ar During Low Solar Activity at 4 and 16 hours Local Time U.V. Extinction and Mass Spectrometer Rocket Measurements of Atmospheric Composition Over Woomera Thermospheric Variations as an Indicator of Magnetic Storm Heating and Circulation Tides and Gravity Waves Gravity Waves and Tidal Winds in the Equatorial Thermosphère The Ionosphere D-Region A Global Model of D-Region Ionization Equatorial Ionosphere Plasma Irregularities and Soft Energy Electron Fluxes in the Equatorial E Region Electric Fields in the E Region During the Counter Electrojet Effects of Vertical Shears in the Zonal Winds of the Electrojet Mid-latitude Ionosphere An Investigation of Variations of Ion Composition and Dynamics of the Topside Ionosphere from the Meteor Satellite Dynamical Behaviour of the Daytime Topside Ionosphere Inferred from Vertical-6 Rocket Data Winter Anomaly Breakdown of the Polar Mesospheric Vortex in Winter as the Cause of Mid-latitude Winter Anomaly Structural Variations in the Neutral Thermosphere During the D-Region Winter Anomaly Auroral Atmosphere and Ionosphere A Sounding Rocket Campaign for Studying Heat Deposition into the Ionosphere During Substorm Events High Latitude Ionospheric Structures Auroral EUV Emissions (50-132 nm) Results from a Rocket Measurement of the Neutral and Ionized Lower F-Region Composition in Association with an Auroral Arc Electron Density Variations in the Polar Region from 70 to 210 km The Magnetosphere Observations of the High Latitude Topside Ionosphere Thermal Plasma and Field Aligned Ion Drift at the Beginning of an Auroral Disturbance Interpretation of Coordinated Electron Density, Temperature, and VLFMeasurements Onboard Intercosmos-10 ELF-VLF Emissions, Ion Density Fluctuations and Electron Temperature in the Ionospheric Trough Electric Fields at High Latitudes in the Topside Ionosphere Near the Dawn-Dusk Meridian Precipitation of Energetic Charged Particles Longitudinal Variation of the High Altitude X-ray Flux During Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions PSE Morphology and Medium Latitude Radiation Belt Electron Pitchangle Diffusion Coefficients: A Test of the PSE-Model High and Low Latitude Energy Spectra of Protons and Electrons Precipitating into the Ionosphere Observed with the Satellite MCosmos-900" The Relation Between 10 to 80 keV Electron Precipitation Observed at Geosynchronous Orbit and Auroral Radio Absorption Observed with Riometers Active Experiments The Barium Ion Jet Experiment of Porcupine 2 The Sun and the Interplanetary Medium Solar X-Radiation Solar X-ray Flares Observed with the Columbia University Instrument on 0S0-8 Observation of Solar X-radiation On Board "Prognoz-6" Spectrum and Anisotropy of Hard Flare X-rays on the Basis of Multiple Electron Scattering A Comparison of the Characteristics of Solar Proton Events for the Last Two Solar Minima Current Status of Short-term Solar Proton Predictions Separation and Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variations in the April 10, 1969 Solar Flare Particle Event Interpretation and Analysis of Solar Energetic Particle Intensities and Anisotropies Observed Aboard Helios 2 on 28 March 1976 Charged Particles Produced in Small Solar Flares Observed at 1 AU Analysis of Energetic Particle Events Following Solar Flares of September 24 and November 22, 1977 Solar Wind Simultaneous H(1216Ä) and He(584Ä) Observations of the Interstellar Wind by Mariner 10 Cosmic Dust Dust in Planetary Magnetospheres Dust-Magnetospheric Interactions Three-dimensional Distribution of Dust Three-dimensional Distributions of the Potential Sources of Interplanetary Dust The Distribution of Orbital Elements of Interplanetary Dust in the Inner Solar System as Detected by the Helios Space probe The Action of the Poynting-Robertson Effect and Radiation Pressure on the Mass Distribution Index of Micrometeoroids The Brightness/Unit Volume of the Zodiacal Light as Determined from Pioneer 10 Inversion of the Zodiacal Brightness Integral for an Out-of-Ecliptic Photometer Dust of Lunar Origin Lunar Surface Grain Motion: Electrostatic Charging, Supercharging (Electret Effects) and Mechanical Bonding Tertiary, Secondary and Primary Impact Crater Populations on Lunar Rocks: Configurations where Population Inversion Occurs Lunar Ejecta in Heliocentric Space Lunar Libration Region L4 Photometry Cometary Dust Flyby-and Rendezvous-type Comet Missions from the Standpoint of Large-particle Dust Experiments A Concept for Analysis of Cometary Dust by Light Scattering Experiments on Future Cometary Probes Dust Experiment for a Rendezvous-Cometary-MissionMaterials Sciences in Space Use of Composite Materials in Space Polymer Matrix Composite Materials Experiment to be Flown on the Space Shuttle LDEF Mission Materials Science under Micro-gravity Conditions Materials Processing in Space - an Overview of Studies in the U.S.A. Crystal Growth and Segregation in Space: A Critical Assessment Based on Results Obtained During the ASTP Mission Technological Experiments in Microgravity-Texus I and II Interfacial Convection Observed under Microgravity Conditions During the Texus-I Experiment Possibilities for Physical Experiments in Materials Science using Near Zero-g-Conditions A Television Picture Processing System for the Investigation of Crystal Growth Processes Multiphase Dispersions by Crystallization Processing Vapour Growth of Hgl2 in Sealed Ampoules The Thermal Investigation of Solidifications Carried Out in a Cartridge Furnace in Space Convection under Micro-gravity Conditions Convection under Normal and Reduced Gravity Experiments on the Relevance of Marangoni Convection for Materials Science in Space Thermal Marangoni Convection Convection Due to Surface-tension Gradients Effects of Convection on Crystal Growth under Terrestrial and Space Conditions Marangoni Convection in a Fluid Layer under the Action of a Transverse Magnetic Field A Mechanism for Macroscopic Phase Separation in Emulgated Liquid Systems Fluid Mechanics of Continuous Flow Electrophoresis Electrofluid Dynamics of Interfaces Author Index