Construction Materials and Their Properties for Fire Resistance and Insulation

1st Edition - October 29, 2024
Editors: Paul O. Awoyera, M. Z. Naser
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 2 0 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 6 2 1 - 3

Construction Materials and Their Properties for Fire Resistance and Insulation covers the properties of novel types of concrete and other more conventional building materi… Read more

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Construction Materials and Their Properties for Fire Resistance and Insulation covers the properties of novel types of concrete and other more conventional building materials in fire scenarios. The volume also stands out as an invaluable reference resource for its relevance to varied audiences both in academia and industry, spanning materials science, civil and structural engineering, and fire safety engineering. Ensuring buildings are fire safe starts at the very beginning of planning new builds or renovations. Hence, it's essential, in fact, that the right materials are chosen not only according to their load-bearing capabilities but also their susceptibility to decay and fire resistance.

Construction Materials and Their Properties for Fire Resistance and Insulation
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Section A: Fire protection and materials’ performance
1 Thermal properties of sprayed fire-resistant materials
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Furnace tests
1.3 SFRM conductivity estimation
1.4 Results
1.5 Conclusions
Appendix
Test 1. IPE270, 23 mm, 90 min 3-sided standard fire exposure
Test 2. HEM360, 10 mm, 120 min 3-sided standard fire exposure
Test 3. HEB360, 11 mm, 120 min 3-sided standard fire exposure
References
2 Temperature variation of gypsum and gypsum plasterboard physical properties
Abstract
Keywords
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Gypsum
2.1.2 Gypsum plasterboards
2.2 High temperature effects on gypsum-based construction products
2.2.1 Solid-phase reactions
2.2.2 Cracking
2.3 Temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of GP
2.3.1 Density
2.3.2 Thermal conductivity
2.3.3 Specific heat capacity
2.3.4 Thermal expansion
2.4 Numerical models for GP assemblies exposed to fire
2.5 Fire behavior of PCM-enhanced gypsum plasterboards
References
3 Thermo-mechanical properties of timber structures
Abstract
Keywords
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Elevated temperature thermo-mechanical properties of timber: State of the art
3.2.1 Thermal properties of timber
3.2.2 Pyrolysis models of timber
3.2.3 Mechanical properties of timber
3.3 Applicability of relevant properties
3.3.1 Experimental test description
3.3.2 Numerical methods
3.3.3 Results
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Properties of cold-formed steels exposed to elevated temperatures
Abstract
Keywords
4.1 Overview
4.2 Terminology and test method
4.3 Data on conventional CFS at elevated temperature
4.3.1 Tests conducted at JHU
4.3.2 Literature review
4.4 Data on cold-formed AHSS
4.4.1 Properties at elevated temperature
4.4.2 Properties after exposure to fire
4.4.3 Ductile fracture at elevated temperature
4.5 Material models
4.5.1 Standardized three-coefficient equation for retention factors
4.5.2 Retention factors for CFS in AISI S100
4.5.3 Retention factors for various grades of CFS
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 Fire behavior of combustible cladding materials, including composite timber
Abstract
Keywords
5.1 Combustible claddings
5.1.1 Cladding materials previously identified as high risk
5.1.2 Other popular combustible cladding materials
5.2 Critical flame behaviors
5.2.1 Ignition and combustion
5.2.2 Fire growth behavior
5.3 Discussion
5.3.1 Material fire characteristic indices
5.3.2 ACP-PE flame retardant performance analysis
5.3.3 Composite timber
5.4 Concluding remarks
References
6 Strength recovery by postfire curing
Abstract
Keywords
6.1 Postfire recuring
6.2 Mechanical and microstructural tests
6.3 Compressive strength recovery
6.4 Tensile strength recovery
6.5 Flexural strength recovery
6.6 Elastic modulus recovery
6.7 Bond strength recovery
6.8 Microstructural analysis of healed specimens
6.8.1 SEM analysis
6.8.2 XRD analysis
6.8.3 Porosity measurement
6.8.4 Conceptual recovery mechanism
6.9 Conclusions and prospects
References
Section B: Concrete: Behavior under fire exposure
7 Fire response of 3D printed concrete
Abstract
Keywords
7.1 Concrete 3D printing
7.1.1 Mixtures of 3D printable concrete
7.1.2 Specimen preparation of 3D printed concrete for mechanical tests
7.2 Compressive strength test
7.2.1 Effect of fiber type
7.2.2 Effect of loading direction
7.2.3 Effect of concrete mixture
7.3 Splitting tensile strength test
7.4 Flexural strength test
7.4.1 Effect of fiber type
7.4.2 Effect of concrete mixture
7.5 Elastic modulus test
7.6 Mass loss after fire
7.7 Damage pattern after high-temperature exposure
7.8 Conclusions and prospects
References
8 Resistance of zero-cement concrete to fire
Abstract
Keywords
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Damage mechanisms of ordinary Portland cement at elevated temperatures
8.3 Alkali-activated material concrete
8.3.1 Phase transformation
8.3.2 Microstructure
8.3.3 Mechanical deterioration
8.4 Calcium aluminate cement concrete
8.4.1 Phase transformation upon heating
8.4.2 Microstructure
8.4.3 Mechanical deterioration
8.5 Magnesium phosphate cement concrete
8.5.1 Phase transformation upon heating
8.5.2 Microstructure
8.5.3 Mechanical deterioration
8.6 Calcium sulfoaluminate cement
8.7 Conclusions
References
9 Evaluation of residual properties and recovery of fire-damaged concrete with repeatedly recycled fine aggregates
Abstract
Keywords
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and methods
9.2.1 Materials
9.2.2 Mix design and specimen preparation
9.2.3 Methods
9.3 Results and discussion
9.3.1 Physical characteristics of repeatedly recycled fine aggregate
9.3.2 Fresh properties
9.3.3 Visual inspection
9.3.4 Density
9.3.5 Mechanical strength
9.3.6 Ultrasonic pulse velocity
9.3.7 Dynamic elastic modulus
9.4 Conclusions
References
10 The influences of cooling regimes on fire-damaged novel concrete
Abstract
Keywords
10.1 Conventional and novel concretes
10.1.1 OPC-based concrete
10.1.2 Novel concretes
10.2 Fire susceptibility of concrete structures
10.3 Cooling of fire-damaged concretes
10.4 Influences of cooling regimes on fire-damaged concretes
10.4.1 Natural convection cooling in an ambient environment
10.4.2 Natural convection cooling in a hot environment
10.4.3 Accelerated cooling via water application
10.5 Concluding remarks
References
11 Strain development in reactive powder concrete under coupled thermo-mechanical loading
Abstract
Keywords
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Short-term creep development under high temperature
11.2.1 Short-term creep under constant stress and high temperature
11.2.2 Short-term creep of RPC under variable stress
11.2.3 Comparison of short-term creep of RPC with NSC and HSC
11.3 Significance of high-temperature short-term creep
11.4 Free thermal strain of RPC at high temperature
11.4.1 Free thermal strain of RPC
11.4.2 Comparison of free thermal strain of RPC with NSC and HSC
11.5 Transient strain of RPC at high temperature
11.5.1 Transient strain of SRPC under constant stress
11.5.2 Comparison of transient strain of RPC with NSC, HSC, and HPC
11.5.3 Transient strain at variable loading
11.6 Chapter summary
References
12 Microstructure characterization of reactive powder concrete after exposure to fire
Abstract
Keywords
12.1 Introduction
12.2 TG and DSC analysis
12.3 Mercury intrusion porosity
12.4 XRD patterns
12.5 SEM and EDS analysis
12.6 Chapter summary
References
13 Kenaf fiber-reinforced concrete at high temperature
Abstract
Keywords
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Biofiber: The structure and benefits in concrete development
13.2 Background: Biofibrous concrete characteristics
13.2.1 Kenaf plant: History, cultivation, fiber, structure, and merit
13.2.2 Kenaf fiber modification and preparation for concrete applications
13.2.3 Kenaf fiber’s physical and strength characteristics
13.3 Hardened concrete test
13.3.1 KFRC thermal treatment
13.3.2 General concrete reactions to extreme temperature
13.3.3 Physical and mechanical characteristics of KFRC exposed to high-temperature
13.3.4 Residual mechanical characteristics of KFRC
13.4 Microstructure of fire-damaged KFRC
13.4.1 KFRC microstructure at ambient temperature
13.4.2 KFRC microstructure after extreme temperature exposure
13.5 Conclusions
13.5.1 Future research needs
References
14 Fire performance in eco-friendly concrete: An overview
Abstract
Keywords
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Eco-friendly concrete development
14.1.2 Eco-friendly concrete and energy or environmental concerns
14.2 Materials for eco-friendly concrete
14.2.1 Waste emanating from construction activities
14.2.2 Wastes produced in industries
14.2.3 Waste originating from agricultural activities
14.3 Fire resistance of green concrete: A sustainable solution for structural safety
14.4 Developments and future demands
14.5 Conclusions
References
15 Thermomechanical properties of constituent materials for evaluating fire resistance of FRP-strengthened concrete structures
Abstract
Keywords
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Elevated temperature thermomechanical properties of FRP: State of the art
15.2.1 Thermal properties of FRP
15.2.2 Mechanical properties of FRP
15.2.3 Deformation properties of FRP
15.3 Properties of fire insulation
15.4 Recommended property relations
15.5 Applicability of the recommended properties—Case study
15.5.1 Selection of flexural members for analysis
15.5.2 Numerical model
15.5.3 Results from the analysis
15.6 Conclusions
References
Index

Paul O. Awoyera

Paul Awoyera is an Associate Professor and a Researcher in the areas of concrete structures, structural retrofitting, sustainable/innovative construction materials, fire resistance, non-destructive testing, data science, and applied Artificial Intelligence. He has over 12 years of experience in structural engineering consulting, teaching, and research. He obtained his PhD Degree in Civil Engineering from Covenant University, Nigeria. Dr. Awoyera completed a one-year Post-Doctoral research, focusing on lightweight composite development using paper and ceramic wastes, at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. He was awarded the prestigious Split-Site PhD Scholarship by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the United Kingdom, which was tenable at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. Dr. Awoyera is a registered engineer with the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN), a member of the International Association for Engineers (IAENG), and a corporate member of the Nigeria Society of Engineers(NSE). He has published over 100 articles in leading publishing outlets and served as the editor/editorial board member and reviewer for numerous international journals.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

M. Z. Naser

M. Z. Naser is a tenure-track Assistant Professor at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences and a member of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute for Science and Engineering (AIRISE) at Clemson University. At the moment, his research group is creating causal & eXplainable machine learning methodologies to discover new knowledge hidden within systems belonging to the domains of structural engineering and materials science to help realize functional, sustainable, and resilient infrastructure. He is currently serving as the chair of the ASCE Advances in Information Technology committee and on a number of international editorial boards, as well as codal building committees (in ASCE, ACI, PCI, and FiB). He is a registered professional engineer in the states of Michigan and South Carolina.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

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