Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology
- 7th Edition - March 15, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Authors: Richard J. Johnson, Jurgen Floege, Marcello Tonelli
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 5 9 2 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 2 5 9 3 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 8 3 4 6 - 8
Written for fellows, practicing nephrologists, and internists who treat patients with disorders affecting the renal system, Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Edition, offers a… Read more
Purchase options
Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteWritten for fellows, practicing nephrologists, and internists who treat patients with disorders affecting the renal system, Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology, 7th Edition, offers a practical approach to this complex field, supported by underlying scientific facts and pathophysiology. World leaders in nephrology provide current information on clinical procedures and conditions, covering everything from fluid and electrolyte disorders to hypertension, diabetes, dialysis, transplantation, and more—all in a single, convenient volume.
Provides a "just right" amount of basic science and practical clinical guidance to help you make efficient and informed decisions.
Contains new chapters on Blood Pressure Management in the Dialysis Patient, Kidney Diseases Associated with Corona Viruses, Ultrasound Imaging in Nephrology, and Radiologic and Nuclear Imaging in Nephrology.
Includes more than 1,500 full-color illustrations that highlight key topics and detail pathogenesis for a full range of kidney conditions and clinical management.
Covers key topics such as COVID-19, chronic kidney disease, end stage kidney disease, kidney transplantation, glomerular disease, onco-nephrology, dialysis, and much more.
Features popular, color-coded algorithms that provide easy access to important content: yellow boxes for general information, green boxes for therapeutic intervention, and blue boxes for necessary investigations.
Includes quick-reference boxes with links to clinical guidelines in all relevant chapters, plus self-assessment questions online.
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Nephrologists, fellows
- Instructions for online access
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contributors
- Section I. Essential Renal Anatomy and Physiology
- 1. Renal Anatomy
- Structure of the Kidney
- Collecting Duct System
- Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
- Kidney Interstitium
- 2. Renal Physiology
- Glomerular Structure and Ultrastructure
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Renal Plasma Flow
- Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Tubular Transport
- Transport in Specific Nephron Segments
- Glomerulotubular Balance
- Countercurrent System
- Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) and Water Reabsorption
- Integrated Control of Kidney Function
- Section II. Investigation of Renal Disease
- 3. Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Measurement and Estimation of the Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Clearance Measurements
- Estimation of the Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Creatinine
- Cystatin C
- Urea and Other Metabolites
- Other Low-Molecular-Weight Serum Proteins
- Clinical Application of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Living Kidney Donor Candidates
- Drug Dosing
- 4. Urinalysis
- Definition
- Urine Sample
- Physical Characteristics
- Chemical Characteristics
- Urine Microscopy
- Interpretation of Urine Sediment Findings
- Automated Analysis of Urine Sediment
- 5. Point of Care Ultrasound in Nephrology
- Definition and Scope
- Basic Physics and Instrumentation
- Kidney and Bladder Ultrasound
- Focused Cardiac Ultrasound
- Ultrasound of the Lung and Pleura
- Arterial and Venous Doppler of the Kidney and Other Organs
- 6. Radiologic and Nuclear Imaging in Nephrology
- Ultrasound
- Renal Artery Duplex Scanning
- Contrast-Enhanced and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound
- Plain Radiography and Fluoroscopy
- Retrograde Pyelography
- Antegrade Pyelography
- Imaging Ileal Conduits
- Cystography
- Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Angiography
- Renal Venography
- Nuclear Scintigraphy
- Positron Emission Tomography
- Molecular Imaging
- Radiologic Contrast Agents
- 7. Kidney Biopsy
- Indications for Kidney Biopsy
- Value of Kidney Biopsy
- Prebiopsy Evaluation
- Kidney Biopsy Technique
- Complications of Kidney Biopsy
- Section III. Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
- 8. Disorders of Extracellular Volume
- Extracellular Fluid Compartment
- Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Homeostasis
- Extracellular Fluid Volume Contraction
- Extracellular Fluid Volume Expansion
- 9. Disorders of Water Metabolism
- Physiology Of Water Balance
- Vasopressin
- Quantitation Of Renal Water Excretion
- Serum Sodium Concentration, Osmolality, And Tonicity
- Estimation Of Total Body Water
- Hyponatremic Disorders
- Hypernatremic Disorders
- 10. Disorders of Potassium Metabolism
- Introduction
- Normal Physiology of Potassium Metabolism
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperkalemia
- 11. Disorders of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism
- Calcium Homeostasis And Disorders Of Calcium Metabolism
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Phosphate Homeostasis
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Magnesium Homeostasis And Disorders Of Magnesium Metabolism
- Hypomagnesemia And Magnesium Deficiency
- 12. Normal Acid-Base Balance
- Definition
- Net Acid Production
- Buffer Systems in Regulation of pH
- Respiratory System In Regulation Of pH
- Kidney Regulation of pH
- Kidney Transport Mechanisms of Hydrogen and Bicarbonate Ions
- Regulation of Kidney Acidification
- 13. Metabolic Acidosis
- Definition
- Non–Anion Gap (Normal Anion Gap) Metabolic Acidosis
- Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Alkali Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
- 14. Metabolic Alkalosis
- Respiratory Compensation
- Serum Chloride Concentration and Metabolic Alkalosis
- Pathogenesis: Generation and Maintenance of Metabolic Alkalosis
- Metabolic Alkaloses: Etiologic Classification Based on ECF Volume Status
- Other Metabolic Alkaloses
- Diagnostic Approach to Metabolic Alkalosis
- Treatment
- 15. Respiratory Acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, and Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Pathophysiology of Respiratory Acidosis
- Response to Respiratory Acidosis
- Bicarbonate Buffering System
- KIDNEY Response to Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Pathophysiology
- Response to Respiratory Alkalosis
- Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
- Metabolic Acidosis and Respiratory Acidosis
- Metabolic Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis and Respiratory Alkalosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis and Respiratory Acidosis
- Mixed Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis
- Triple Acid-Base Disorders
- Section IV. Glomerular Disease
- 16. Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Clinical Presentations
- Definition
- Clinical Evaluation of Glomerular Disease
- Asymptomatic Urine Abnormalities
- Macrohematuria
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Nephritic Syndrome
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease
- Treatment of Glomerular Disease
- 17. Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Histologic Classification and Pathogenesis
- Histologic Classification
- Histopathology
- General Mechanisms of Glomerular Injury
- Pathogenesis of Specific Glomerular Syndromes
- 18. Minimal Change Disease
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History of Minimal Change Disease
- Treatment
- Minimal Change Disease with Nonnephrotic Proteinuria
- 19. Primary and Secondary (Nongenetic) Causes of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Introduction
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Pathology
- Natural History and Prognosis
- Treatment
- Kidney Transplantation
- 20. Inherited Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
- Introduction
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Recurrence
- Future Directions
- 21. Membranous Nephropathy
- Definition
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology and Genetics
- Clinical and Serologic Manifestations
- Pathology
- Natural History and Prognosis
- Treatment
- Future Directions
- 22. Immunoglobulin-Mediated Glomerulonephritis With a Membranoproliferative Pattern of Injury and Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
- Immunoglobulin-Mediated Glomerulonephritis with a Membranoproliferative Pattern of Injury
- Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
- 23. Glomerulonephritis Associated With Complement Disorders
- C3 Glomerulopathy
- 24. Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura)
- IgA Nephropathy
- IgA Vasculitis
- 25. Anti–Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease and Goodpasture Disease
- Etiology And Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- Transplantation
- Alport Syndrome Posttransplant Anti–Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease
- 26. Renal and Systemic Vasculitis
- Definition
- Small-Vessel Pauci-Immune Vasculitis
- Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Kawasaki Disease
- Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis
- Covid and Management of Vasculitis
- 27. Lupus Nephritis
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Lupus Nephritis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Kidney Biopsy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Pathology
- Treatment
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Atherosclerosis, and Pregnancy in Lupus Nephritis
- End-Stage Kidney Disease and Kidney Replacement Therapy
- 28. Monoclonal Immunoglobulin–Related Glomerular Diseases and Renal Amyloidosis
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal/Clinical Significance
- Glomerulopathies With Organized Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits
- Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy (GOMMID)
- Glomerulopathies With Nonorganized Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits
- Renal Amyloidosis
- 29. Rare Glomerular Disorders
- Mesangial Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Without Immunoglobulin A Deposits
- Glomerulonephritis with Rheumatic, Collagen-Vascular, or Connective Tissue Disease
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
- Other Uncommon Glomerular Disorders
- 30. Thrombotic Microangiopathies, Including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- Definitions
- Laboratory Findings
- Pathology
- Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Management of Specific Forms of Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- Secondary Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
- Section V. Diabetic Kidney Disease
- 31. Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Natural History of Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations and Natural History
- Kidney Pathology
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- 32. Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Introduction
- Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
- Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
- RAAS Blockade
- Treatment of Dyslipidemia
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Emerging Treatments For Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Selective Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Inhibitor
- 33. Management of Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
- Diagnostic Considerations
- General Management Considerations
- Monitoring Diabetic Kidney Disease
- Management Of Glycemia
- Management Of Hypertension
- Additional Approaches to Slowing CKD Progression In Diabetes
- Microvascular Complications Of Diabetes
- Complications Of Chronic Kidney Disease
- End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Section VI. Hypertension
- 34. Normal Blood Pressure Control and the Evaluation of Hypertension
- Normal Blood Pressure Control
- Definition and Classification of Hypertension
- Evaluation of Hypertension
- 35. Primary Hypertension
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Natural History
- 36. Nonpharmacologic Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension
- Prevention
- Weight Loss
- Physical Activity and Exercise Training
- Diet
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Caffeine
- Psychological Stress
- Adopting Lifestyle Modifications
- 37. Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension
- Defining Who Should Receive Pharmacologic Treatment for Hypertension
- Blood Pressure Treatment Goals
- Guide to Selection of Antihypertensive Agents
- 38. Evaluation and Treatment of Hypertensive Urgencies and Emergencies
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- 39. Endocrine Causes of Hypertension: Aldosterone
- Introduction
- Etiology And Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Evaluation And Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- 40. Other Endocrine Causes of Hypertension
- Cushing Syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
- Adrenal Incidentaloma
- Renin-Secreting Tumor
- Acromegaly
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- 41. Neurogenic Hypertension, Including Hypertension Associated With Stroke or Spinal Cord Injury
- Physiology And Pathophysiology
- Neurogenic Hypertension
- Specific Syndromes
- Summary
- 42. Blood Pressure Management in the Dialysis Patient
- Diagnosis
- Epidemiology
- Therapeutic Targets
- Volume Management Strategies
- Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension (Based on Interdialytic Measurements)
- Section VII. Renovascular Disease
- 43. Renovascular Hypertension, Atherosclerotic Renal Vascular Disease, and Thromboembolic Kidney Disease
- Normal Renovascular Anatomy
- Clinical Syndromes Associated with Renal Vascular Disease
- Renovascular Hypertension
- Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease or Ischemic Renal Disease
- Renovascular Disease and Heart Failure and Unstable Cardiac Conditions
- Imaging Renovascular Hypertension and Renal Artery Stenosis
- Treatment of Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease
- Kidney Infarction
- Atheroembolic Kidney Disease
- Renal Vein Thrombosis
- Section VIII. Pregnancy and Renal Disease
- 44. Kidney Physiology and Complications in Normal Pregnancy
- Kidney Physiology in Normal Pregnancy
- Anatomy
- Hemodynamic Changes
- Kidney Disease in Pregnancy
- Urinalysis and Microscopy
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Kidney Stones
- Hypertension in Pregnancy
- Preeclampsia
- Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
- Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- 45. Pregnancy With Preexisting Kidney Disease
- Adverse Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease on Pregnancy Outcomes
- Management Common to All Pregnancies With Preexisting Kidney Disease
- Kidney Biopsy in Pregnancy
- Superimposed Preeclampsia
- Assessment of Fetal Well-Being
- Timing of Delivery
- Course of Chronic Kidney Disease During and After Pregnancy
- Management of Common Kidney Disorders During Pregnancy
- Hemodialysis in Pregnancy
- Kidney Transplantation and Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in The Kidney Donor
- Summary
- Section IX. Hereditary and Congenital Diseases of the Kidney
- 46. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Definition
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Phenotypic Variability
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Treatment
- Novel Therapies
- Transplantation
- 47. Other Cystic Kidney Diseases
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Nephronophthisis: Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease
- Medullary Sponge Kidney
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
- Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Simple Cysts
- Solitary Multilocular Cysts
- Kidney Lymphangiomatosis
- Glomerulocystic Kidney Disease
- Acquired Cystic Disease
- 48. Alport Syndrome and Other Familial Glomerular Syndromes
- Alport Syndrome
- Hereditary Angiopathy With Nephropathy, Aneurysms, and Cramps (Hanac Syndrome)
- Fabry Disease (Anderson-Fabry Disease)
- Nail-Patella Syndrome
- 49. Inherited Disorders of Sodium and Water Handling
- Introduction
- Physiology Of Sodium And Water Reabsorption
- Disorders Of Sodium Handling
- Conditions With Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis, And Low-NORMAL BP
- Conditions With Hypokalemia, Metabolic Alkalosis, And Hypertension
- Conditions With Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Metabolic Acidosis, And Normal Blood Pressure
- Conditions With Hyperkalemia, Metabolic Acidosis, And Hypertension
- 50. Fanconi Syndrome and Other Proximal Tubule Disorders
- Fanconi Syndrome
- Inherited Causes Of Fanconi Syndrome
- Acquired Causes of Fanconi Syndrome
- Familial Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption and Hereditary Renal Glycosuria
- Aminoacidurias
- Hereditary Defects In Uric Acid Handling
- 51. Sickle Cell Diseases and the Kidney
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Clinical Manifestations Of Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Clinical Syndromes Of Kidney Impairment
- Investigation and Management Of Sickle Cell Nephropathy
- Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Sickle Cell Trait and Chronic Kidney Disease
- 52. Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
- Clinical Principles
- Development of The Kidneys and Urinary Tract
- Pathogenesis
- Kidney Parenchymal Malformations
- Collecting System Abnormalities
- Bladder and Outflow Disorders
- General Management of Congenital Kidney and Urinary Tract Abnormalities
- Complications
- End-Stage Kidney Disease and Transplantation
- Section X. Infectious Diseases and the Kidney
- 53. Urinary Tract Infections in Adults
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Etiologic Agents
- Clinical Syndromes
- Imaging of the Urinary Tract
- 54. Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract
- Definition
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Management of Urogenital Tuberculosis
- 55. Fungal Infections of the Urinary Tract
- Candida
- Other Yeasts
- Aspergillus and Other Molds
- Endemic Fungi
- 56. The Kidney in Schistosomiasis
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Coinfection
- Schistosoma mansoni Glomerulonephritis
- Treatment
- 57. Glomerular Diseases Associated With Infection
- Bacterial Infections
- Viral Infections
- Parasitic Infections
- 58. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Kidney
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of HIV Chronic Kidney Disease
- HIV-Associated Nephropathy
- Other Glomerular Disorders
- Other Glomerular Disorders
- Systemic Inflammation and Arterionephrosclerosis
- Tubular Disorders
- Nephrotoxicity and Dosing of ART and Associated Drugs
- Antiretroviral Therapy Dosing in Chronic Kidney Disease
- End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Evaluation For Kidney Disease
- 59. Kidney Diseases Associated With Coronaviruses
- Introduction
- SARS-CoV-2 and Viral Pathogenesis
- Does SARS-CoV-2 Infect the kidney?
- COVID-19 Acute Kidney Injury
- COVID-19–Associated Glomerular Diseases
- COVID-19 in Patients With Kidney Failure Requiring Chronic Dialysis
- COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients
- Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19
- Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Therapies and Vaccines in Patients With Kidney Disease
- Conclusions
- Section XI. Urologic Disorders
- 60. Nephrolithiasis and Nephrocalcinosis
- Nephrolithiasis
- Specific Types of Stones
- Nephrocalcinosis
- 61. Urinary Tract Obstruction
- Definitions
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Histopathologic Changes
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- 62. Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy
- Introduction
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- Embryology and Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Natural History of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Reflux Nephropathy
- Treatment
- 63. Urologic Issues for the Nephrologist
- Advances in Management of Kidney Stones
- Urinary Tract Obstruction
- Specific Types of Obstruction
- Investigation of Hematuria
- Investigation and Management of a Kidney Mass
- Section XII. Tubulointerstitial and Vascular Diseases
- 64. Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Definition
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis Secondary to Infectious Diseases
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis Associated With Systemic Diseases
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis Associated With Malignancy
- Idiopathic Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis In Kidney Transplants
- 65. Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
- Definition
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- Drug-Induced Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
- Chronic Interstitial Nephritis Caused by Metabolic Disorders
- Chronic Interstitial Nephritis Caused by Hereditary Diseases of the Kidney
- Chronic Interstitial Nephritis Associated With Heavy Metal Exposure
- Radiation Nephritis
- Interstitial Nephritis Mediated By Immunologic Mechanisms
- Obstructive Uropathy
- Vascular Diseases
- Infection-Associated Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
- 66. Endemic Nephropathies
- Mesoamerican Nephropathy
- Sri Lankan Nephropathy
- Other Endemic Nephropathies
- Potential Role of Climate Change and Global Warming
- Section XIII. Renal Disease and Cancer
- 67. Oncology: Kidney Disease in Cancer Patients
- Cancer And Kidney Disease
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Mortality in Cancer Patients With Kidney Disease
- Important Malignancies Associated With Kidney Disease
- Anticancer Drugs and Kidney Disease
- Metabolic Complications
- Cancer-Related Glomerulonephritis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Cancer Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease
- 68. Myeloma and the Kidney
- Etiology and Pathogenesis of Myeloma
- Etiology and Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease in Myeloma
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Pathology
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- Dialysis and Transplantation
- 69. Kidney Disease in Liver, Cardiac, Lung, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Generic Kidney Issues in Nonrenal Solid Organ Transplantation
- Kidney Disease in Liver Transplantation
- Kidney Disease in Cardiac Transplantation
- Kidney Disease in Lung Transplantation
- Kidney Disease in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Section XIV. Acute Kidney Injury
- 70. Pathophysiology and Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury
- Definition
- Etiology
- Pathophysiology and Etiology of Prerenal AKI
- Pathophysiology of ATI
- Acute Cortical Necrosis
- Pathophysiology and Etiology of Postrenal AKI
- Nephrotoxic Agents and Mechanisms of Toxicity
- Other Specific Etiologies of AKI
- Specific Clinical Situations
- 71. Acute Kidney Injury in the Tropics
- Snakebite
- Arthropods
- Natural Medicine
- Malaria
- Leptospirosis
- Hemorrhagic Fevers
- 72. Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury
- Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
- Diagnostic Approach To Acute Kidney Injury
- Clinical Assessment
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Acute Kidney Injury In Specific Settings
- 73. Epidemiology and Prognostic Impact of Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Kidney Disease
- Incidence Of Acute Kidney Injury
- Risk Factors For AKI
- Association Between AKI and Adverse Outcomes
- AKI As A Public Health Issue
- 74. Prevention and Nondialytic Management of Acute Kidney Injury
- Risk Assessment
- Primary Preventive Measures
- Treatment Of Acute Kidney Injury
- Treatment Of Acute Kidney Injury Complications
- 75. Extracorporeal Therapies for Acute Kidney Injury and Heart Failure
- Essentials Of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy Modalities
- Operational Aspects Of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Extracorporeal Kidney Therapy In Heart Failure And Mechanical Circulatory And Ventilatory Support
- 76. Hepatorenal Syndrome
- Definition
- Pseudohepatorenal Syndrome
- Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Prevention and Treatment
- Section XV. Drug Therapy in Kidney Disease
- 77. Principles of Drug Therapy, Dosing, and Prescribing in Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Pharmacokinetic Principles
- Prescribing Principles For Chronic Kidney Disease And Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Methods Of Dose Reduction In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
- Extracorporeal Drug Losses
- Polypharmacy and Deprescribing
- 78. Common Issues in Prescribing in Kidney Disease and Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Analgesics
- Antimicrobial Agents
- Antivirals
- Immunosuppressants
- Chemotherapy and Cytotoxic Agents
- Anticoagulants, Antiplatelet Agents, Thrombolytics, And Hemostatics
- Diuretics
- Antihypertensives
- Antianginal Agents
- Antiarrhythmics
- Lipid-Lowering Agents
- Diabetes
- Drugs For Thyroid Disorders
- Mineral And Bone Disorders
- Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, And Peptic Ulcers
- Antiemetics
- Aperients And Laxatives
- Antidiarrheals
- Drugs For Erectile Dysfunction
- Musculoskeletal Drugs
- Antiepileptics
- Antiparkinsonian Drugs
- Antimigraine Drugs
- Psychotropic Drugs
- Anemia Drugs
- Antihistamines
- Vaccines
- Vitamin Supplementation
- 79. Herbal and Over-the-Counter Medicines and the Kidney
- Herbal Medications And The Kidney
- Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy
- Kidney Injury Caused By Other Medicinals
- Acute Kidney Injury
- Other kidney Complications Of Herbal Remedies
- Over-The-Counter Medicines And The Kidney
- Section XVI. Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremic Syndrome
- 80. Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis
- Defining Chronic Kidney DiseasE
- Global Burden of CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
- Risk Factors for CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
- Issues With Identifying CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
- Outcomes Of Chronic Kidney DiseasE
- Dialysis Epidemiology
- Epidemiologic Concepts
- Evidence Quality
- 81. Pathophysiology of Disease Progression in Proteinuric and Nonproteinuric Kidney Disease
- From Glomerular Hemodynamic Changes To Loss Of Charge- And Size-Selective Properties
- Proximal Tubular Cell Injury
- Interstitial Inflammation And Fibrosis
- Primary Chronic Tubulointerstitial Injury
- Conclusions
- 82. Slowing the Progression of Kidney Disease
- Introduction
- Techniques For Evaluating and Monitoring Key Indicators of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Epidemiology and Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Risk Factors For Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Slowing Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
- 83. Clinical Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Definitions
- Clinical Presentation
- Predicting Prognosis
- Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
- Management of Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Care of the Patient With Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease
- 84. Pathogenesis and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Epidemiology
- Etiology And Risk Factors
- 85. Practical Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Prevention And Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
- Coronary Artery Disease In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
- Heart Failure In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
- Arrhythmias In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
- Valvular Disease
- 86. Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology And Natural History
- Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Treatment
- 87. Other Blood and Immune Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Immune Dysfunction
- Inflammation
- Immune Cell Abnormalities
- Platelet Dysfunction And Platelet Inhibitors In Chronic Kidney Disease
- Recombinant Activated Factor VII
- Estrogens
- Implications For Antiplatelet Agent Therapy
- Circulating Coagulation Factors
- Therapeutic Intervention
- 88. Bone and Mineral Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Osteitis Fibrosa: Hyperparathyroidism—High-Turnover Renal Bone Disease
- Low-Turnover (Adynamic) Bone Disease
- Osteoporosis In Chronic Kidney Disease
- ß2-Microglobulin–Derived Amyloid
- 89. Neurologic Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Uremic Encephalopathy
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Autonomic Neuropathy
- Cranial Neuropathies
- Sleep Disorders
- Restless Legs Syndrome (Ekbom Syndrome)
- Neurologic Syndromes Associated With KIDNEY REPLACEMENT THERAPY
- 90. Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Lifestyle Advice: Nutrition
- Estimation Of Intake
- 91. Dermatologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease
- Uremic Pruritus
- Immunomodulators And Immunosuppressive Agents
- Bullous Dermatoses
- Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy (Calciphylaxis)
- Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
- 92. Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease and Malignant Neoplasms
- Definition
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis
- Natural History
- Treatment
- Cancer In Dialysis Patients
- Section XVII. Geriatric and Palliative Nephrology
- 93. Geriatric Nephrology
- Aging-Associated Changes In The Kidney
- Aging-Associated Changes In Kidney Function
- Assessment Of Glomerular Filtration Rate In The Elderly
- Prevalence Of Chronic Kidney Disease In The Elderly
- Risk Factors For Chronic Kidney Disease In The Elderly
- Pathogenesis Of Age-Related Chronic Kidney Disease
- Fluid And Electrolytes In Aging
- Endocrine Function And Kidney Hormones
- Clinical Manifestations
- 94. Palliative Nephrology
- Prognosis
- Communication And Shared Decision Making
- Conservative Care
- Dialysis Withdrawal
- Symptom Control And Management Of Last Days
- Section XVIII. Dialytic Therapies
- 95. Approach to Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Prediction Of Kidney Failure
- Multidisciplinary Care in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
- When Should Dialysis Be Started?
- Choice Between Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
- Home Hemodialysis
- Choice of Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis
- Importance Of Dialysis Access
- Decision Whether To Offer Kidney Replacement Therapy
- Advising About Prognosis On Dialysis
- Conservative Kidney Care
- Individuals Who Do Not Want Dialysis
- Disagreement About A Decision To Dialyze
- Management Of Disruptive Individuals On Dialysis
- Resuscitation And Withdrawal Of Dialysis
- 96. Vascular Access for Hemodialysis
- ESKD Life-Plan
- Evaluation Of The Patient For Vascular Access
- Vascular Access Types
- Nonautogenous Synthetic Vascular Access
- Central Venous Catheter Access
- Vascular Access Complications
- 97. Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology
- Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
- Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters
- Procedures On Arteriovenous Fistulas and Arteriovenous Grafts
- 98. Hemodialysis: Principles and Techniques
- Dialyzer Designs And Membranes
- Safety Monitors
- Dialysate Fluid
- Biocompatibility
- Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration, And Internal Filtration And Backfiltration
- Uremic Toxins And Their Removal By Hemodialysis
- Additional Devices And Technologies
- Home Hemodialysis
- Dialysis Machine Choice And Other Equipment
- Water Preparation, Standards, And Plumbing
- Safety
- Wearable Artificial Kidney
- “Green” Hemodialysis
- 99. Hemodialysis: Dialysis Prescription and Adequacy
- Assessment Of Dialysis Dose
- Middle Molecule Removal
- Prescription Of Hemodialysis
- Dialysis Adequacy and Goal-Directed Dialysis
- 100. Acute Complications During Hemodialysis
- Cardiovascular Complications
- Neuromuscular Complications
- Hematologic Complications
- Pulmonary Complications
- Technical Malfunctions
- Dialysis Reactions
- Miscellaneous Complications
- 101. Peritoneal Dialysis: Principles, Techniques, and Adequacy
- Introduction
- Advantages and Limitations of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Types of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid
- Peritoneal Access
- Peritoneal Dialysis Techniques
- Peritoneal Solute Transport and Ultrafiltration
- Assessing Peritoneal Membrane Function
- Dose and Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Principles and Practice of Incremental Dialysis
- 102. Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Catheter Malfunction
- Fluid Leaks
- Pain Related To Peritoneal Dialysis
- Infectious Complications
- Membrane Dysfunction And Insufficient Ultrafiltration
- Changes In Peritoneal Structure And Function
- Nutritional And Metabolic Complications
- 103. Extracorporeal Therapies for Drug Overdose and Poisoning
- When Should Extracorporeal Removal Be Considered?
- Treatment Modalities
- Extracorporeal Therapy For Specific Drugs And Poisons
- 104. Plasma Exchange
- Techniques
- Complications
- Mechanisms Of Action
- Indications For Plasma Exchange
- Transplantation
- Section XIX. Transplantation
- 105. Immunologic Principles in Kidney Transplantation
- Introduction
- Innate Immune System
- Cells of the Immune System
- Antigen-Presenting Cells
- Major Histocompatibility Complex and Allorecognition
- Transplantation Tolerance
- 106. Immunosuppressive Medications in Kidney Transplantation
- Introduction
- Small-Molecule Drugs
- Biologic Agents
- 107. Evaluation and Preoperative Management of Kidney Transplant Recipient and Donor
- Recipient Evaluation
- Donor Evaluation
- Compatibility and Immunologic Considerations
- 108. Kidney Transplantation Surgery
- Sources of Kidneys for Transplantation
- Donation After Brain Death Donors
- Donation After Cardiac Death Donors
- Living Kidney Donors
- Kidney Preservation
- Kidney Transplantation Procedure
- Surgical Complications of Kidney Transplantation
- Transplant Nephrectomy
- 109. Prophylaxis and Treatment of Kidney Transplant Rejection
- Definition
- Clinical Manifestations
- Prophylaxis and Prevention
- Treatment
- Prognosis
- Summary and Recommendations
- 110. Infections and Malignancies in the Kidney Transplant Recipient
- Infectious Diseases
- Management And Prophylactic Therapy For Selected Infections
- Emerging Infectious Disease
- Gastrointestinal Disease
- Transplant-Associated Malignancy
- 111. Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Abnormalities in the Kidney Transplant Recipient
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Conventional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
- Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus (New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation)
- Unconventional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
- Common Laboratory Abnormalities
- Bone And Mineral Metabolism After Kidney Transplantation
- Gout
- Outpatient Care
- 112. Chronic Allograft Injury
- Definitions And Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis: Nonimmunologic Factors
- Pathogenesis: Immunologic Factors
- Clinical Manifestations
- Pathology
- Diagnosis And Differential Diagnosis
- 113. Recurrent Disease in Kidney Transplantation
- Definitions
- Recurrent Glomerulonephritis
- Recurrence Of Specific Glomerular Diseases
- Amyloid, Light-Chain Disease, And Fibrillary And Immunotactoid Glomerulopathies
- Recurrence Of Metabolic Diseases Affecting The Kidney Transplant
- Recurrence Of Virus-Associated Nephropathies And Tumors In The Transplanted Kidney
- 114. Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation: Identification, Measures, and Evaluation
- Introduction
- Graft Health And Patient Survival
- Complications: Malignancies And Infections
- Malignancy
- Infections
- Patient-Reported Outcomes After Transplantation
- Conclusion
- Index
- Self-Assessment Answers
- Edition: 7
- Published: March 15, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- No. of pages: 1328
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323825924
- eBook ISBN: 9780323825931
- eBook ISBN: 9780443283468
RJ
Richard J. Johnson
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine, Division Chief, Tomas Berl Professor of Nephrology, University of Colorado–Denver, Denver, Colorado, USAJF
Jurgen Floege
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine, Director, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, GermanyMT
Marcello Tonelli
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Vice President of Health Research, University of Calgary, Senior Associate Dean of Clinical Research, Cumming School of Medicine, Professor of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada