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Commonsense Reasoning
1st Edition - January 19, 2006
Author: Erik T. Mueller
Hardback ISBN:9780123693884
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 6 9 3 8 8 - 4
eBook ISBN:9780080476612
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 7 6 6 1 - 2
To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning… Read more
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To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world.
Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states.
The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus.
Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall.
Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves.
Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.
Graduate students or advanced undergraduates taking a course on commonsense reasoning or knowledge representation, or looking for tools to use for their thesis work.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 What is Commonsense Reasoning? 1.2 Key Issues of Commonsense Reasoning 1.3 Brief History of Commonsense Reasoning 1.4 The Event Calculus
Chapter 3: The Effects of Events 3.1 Positive and Negative Effect Axioms 3.2 Effect Axiom Idioms 3.3 Preconditions 3.4 State Constraints
Chapter 4: The Triggering of Events 4.1 Trigger Axioms 4.2 Preventing Repeated Triggering 4.3 Triggered Fluents
Chapter 5: The Commonsense Law of Inertia 5.1 Representation of the Commonsense Law of Inertia 5.2 Representing Release from the Commonsense Law of Inertia 5.3 Release Axioms
Chapter 6: Indirect Effects of Events 6.1 Effect Axioms 6.2 Primitive and Derived Fluents 6.3 Release Axioms and State Constraints 6.4 Effect Constraints 6.5 Causal Constraints 6.6 Trigger Axioms
Chapter 7: Continuous Change 7.1 Trajectory Axioms 7.2 AntiTrajectory Axioms 7.3 Using AntiTrajectory Instead of Releases
Chapter 10: Space 10.1 Relational Space 10.2 Metric Space 10.3 Object Identity
Chapter 11: The Mental States of Agents 11.1 Beliefs, Goals, and Plans 11.2 Emotions
Part IV: Default Reasoning
Chapter 12: Default Reasoning 12.1 Atemporal Default Reasoning 12.2 Temporal Default Reasoning 12.3 Default Reasoning Method 12.4 Defaults and the Qualification Problem 12.5 Default Events and Properties
Part V: Programs and Applications
Chapter 13: The Discrete Event Calculus Reasoner 13.1 Discrete Event Calculus Reasoner Architecture 13.2 Encoding SAT Problems 13.3 Simple Examples 13.4 Example: Telephone 13.5 Discrete Event Calculus Reasoner Language
Chapter 14: Applications 14.1 Business Systems 14.2 Natural Language Understanding 14.3 Vision
Part VI: Logical and Nonlogical Methods
Chapter 15: Logics for Commonsense Reasoning 15.1 Situation Calculus 15.2 Features and Fluents 15.3 Action Languages 15.4 Fluent Calculus 15.5 Discussion and Summary
Chapter 16: Nonlogical Methods for Commonsense Reasoning 16.1 Qualitative Reasoning 16.2 Analogical Processing 16.3 Probabilistic Reasoning 16.4 Society of Mind
Part VII: Conclusion Chapter 17: Conclusion
Part VIII: Appendices Appendix A: Logical Foundations Appendix B: Equivalence of EC and DEC Appendix C: Events with Duration Appendix D: Answers to Selected Exercises