Colorectal Imaging
From Basic to Advanced Concepts
- 1st Edition - February 17, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editor: Luca Saba
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 0 4 8 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 9 0 4 9 - 7
Colorectal Imaging: From Basic to Advanced Concepts provides an exhaustive overview of today’s basic and advanced principles of colorectal imaging, focusing not only on oncologic… Read more
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Request a sales quoteColorectal Imaging: From Basic to Advanced Concepts provides an exhaustive overview of today’s basic and advanced principles of colorectal imaging, focusing not only on oncologic but also inflammatory, infective, and ischemic pathologies and complications. The book reviews basic colorectal cancer information, examines imaging techniques and analysis, and concludes with a review of non-neoplastic pathologies. It is a useful resource for scientists, physicians, and medical students in the discipline of radiology, highlighting the critical role of contemporary imaging in guiding clinical and surgical approaches and providing the knowledge needed to confidently choose the most appropriate imaging examination.
- Presents an up-to-date overview of current approaches in colorectal imaging, particularly in oncologic staging
- Covers applications of radiomics and artificial intelligence in colorectal imaging
- Distinguishes between diagnosis neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal pathologies
Researchers and radiologists focused on gastrointestinal imaging, gastroenterologists, surgeons
- Colorectal Imaging
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Front Matter
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Section 1: Colorectal cancer basic information
- Chapter 1 Colorectal cancer: Biology and pathology
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Dysplasia of the colorectal mucosa
- Adenomas
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- MUTYH-associated polyposis
- Lynch syndrome
- Histological report and staging
- Molecular pathology of CRC
- MSI testing
- KRAS testing
- BRAF testing
- Artificial intelligence and CRC
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 2 Principles of surgical treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Presurgical phase
- Clinical assessment
- Anoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Surgical preparation
- Multidisciplinary team
- Prophylaxis
- General principles of colorectal surgery
- Techniques
- Ileocolic resection
- Right hemicolectomy
- Transverse colon, left colonic flexure resection
- Anterior rectal resection
- Hartmann's resection
- Abdominal resection (Miles's procedure)
- Total colectomy
- Surgical strategies
- Specific considerations on restoration of bowel continuity
- Intestinal stomas
- Surgical principles for colorectal benign disease
- Inflammatory bowel diseases
- Diverticular disease
- Colorectal cancer
- Surgical management of colon cancer
- Pathological features and risk assessment
- Clinical and patient-specific considerations
- Endoscopic excision techniques
- Locally advanced colon cancer (stage I–III)
- Surgical management of rectal cancer
- Stage I
- Transanal endoscopic operations: TEM, TEO, TAMIS
- Surgical resection
- Stage II-III resectable (cT3-4 e/o N1-2)
- Nonoperative management for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
- Stage II-III unresectable
- References
- Chapter 3 Systemic therapies for localized colon cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Principles of treatment
- Types of systemic therapy
- Cytotoxic chemotherapy
- Therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor
- Therapies targeting BRAF
- Therapies targeting angiogenesis
- Immunotherapy
- Current treatment pathways
- Localized colon cancer
- Metastatic colorectal cancer
- Future developments
- Adaptation of existing therapies
- Novel therapies
- Embracing new technologies
- References
- Chapter 4 Radiotherapy: The role of imaging in the management of rectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Early
- Locally advanced
- Advanced
- Role of imaging in staging
- Tumor location
- Tumoral staging: cT
- Nodal staging: cN
- PET-TC role
- High-risk factors
- Tumor deposits
- EMVI
- Mucinous tumor
- Target volume definition and delineation
- MRI in response assessment in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant treatments
- Posttreatment changes in tumor signal
- Role of MRI in evaluating lymph nodes posttreatment
- Defining complete clinical response
- Follow-up
- Follow-up on watch-and-wait strategy and organ preservation
- Future perspectives: The use of radiomic parameters in rectal cancer response assessment
- References
- Section 2: Colorectal cancer imaging
- Chapter 5 CT imaging of colon cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Diagnostic and screening principles
- CT imaging
- Computed tomography colonography (CTC)
- Colon preparation
- Colon distention
- CTC scanning technique
- 2D and 3D image interpretation and reporting
- Features of colonic polyps at CTC
- Features of colonic masses at CTC
- Classification of colonic lesions: C-RADS
- Pitfalls and differential diagnoses
- Mimicking polyps
- Mimicking stenotic mass
- Particular case: flat polyps
- Standard CT
- Staging CT protocol
- Reporting: Colon cancer CT Features
- Clinical TNM staging
- Locoregional staging
- Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI)
- N staging
- Distant staging: M evaluation
- CT Follow-up role
- Liver metastases
- Lung metastases
- Peritoneal metastases
- Colon cancer complications: Diagnosis in emergency setting
- Colonic obstruction
- Colonic perforation
- Conclusion and new prospectives
- References
- Chapter 6 CT imaging of rectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Rectum anatomy
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Symptoms
- Risk factors and correlated diseases
- Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome
- Lynch syndrome
- The role of CT
- Basics of rectal tumor appearance on CT
- History
- MRI comparison
- Where does CT scan fit in?
- Exam protocol
- CT staging
- N-staging
- M-staging
- Imaging of metastatic disease
- Hematogenous spread
- Peritoneal metastases
- Lymph node spread
- The importance of CT in follow-up
- CT colonography
- Protocol
- Rectal colonography evaluation
- Rectal polyps in CT colonoscopy
- Local complications
- Recurrent disease
- New frontiers
- PET-CT
- Dual-energy CT
- Radiomics
- Photon counting computed tomography
- References
- Chapter 7 US Imaging of rectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Technique of examination
- Interpretation of ERUS findings
- T staging
- N staging
- Other features
- Evaluation of response to neoadjuvant therapy
- Special techniques
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8 MR imaging of rectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Conducting high-quality MR examinations
- Anatomy of the rectum and surrounding structures
- Boundaries of the rectum
- Rectal wall
- Anal canal and pelvic floor
- Mesorectal fascia
- Peritoneum and peritoneal reflection
- Extramesorectal organs and structures
- Vascular supply
- Lymph nodes
- Morphological characteristics of rectal tumors
- Tumor height and length
- Polypoid vs sessile tumors
- Solid vs mucinous tumors
- Local invasion and T-staging
- Mesorectal fascia involvement
- Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI)
- Tumor deposits
- Lymph node assessment
- Regional lymph nodes: Mesorectal lymph nodes
- Regional lymph nodes: Lateral lymph nodes
- Non-regional lymph nodes
- Risk stratification
- Future directions
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9 Posttreatment imaging of colorectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Colon cancer
- Imaging after chemotherapy
- Imaging after surgery
- Imaging of recurrence
- Rectal cancer
- Response evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment
- Imaging after surgery
- Evaluation of regrowth and recurrence
- Future directions
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 10 Lymph node imaging in colorectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Lymph node groups relevant to the colon and rectum
- Lymph node imaging in colon cancer
- The need for preoperative risk stratification
- The role of CT in predicting positive lymph nodes
- The role of CT in predicting clinical outcomes
- Pathways of colorectal cancer spread
- CT extramural venous invasion
- Extranodal tumor deposits
- The CT-TDV staging system
- MRI and local staging of colon cancer
- Mismatch repair status and local staging of colon cancer
- Lymph node imaging in rectal cancer
- The need for lymph node staging in rectal cancer
- Identifying lymph node metastasis on rectal cancer imaging
- Lymph node evaluation on the restaging MRI
- Lateral lymph node involvement
- Relevance of lymph node metastasis on rectal cancer imaging
- Tumor deposits
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11 Radiomic imaging: Basic principles and applications
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Radiomic imaging basics
- Definition and history of radiomics
- Principles of radiomics: Image acquisition, feature extraction, and statistical modeling
- Challenges in radiomics: Data quality, standardization, and validation
- Future directions in radiomics: Advancements in artificial intelligence and deep learning
- Challenges and future prospects
- The role of radiomics in oncology: Pathological correlation, diagnosis, staging, and prognosis
- Radiomics in colorectal cancer
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12 Artificial intelligence applied to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Artificial intelligence applications in colorectal cancer imaging
- Image preprocessing and quality enhancement
- Automatic image segmentation
- Algorithms for early detection and tumor characterization
- Predictive and prognostic algorithms
- State-of-the-art applications
- Diagnosis
- Colonoscopy
- Histopathology
- Radiological imaging
- Treatment selection and response
- Microsatellite instability
- KRAS and BRAF mutations
- Response to chemotherapy
- Prediction and prognosis
- Survival and recurrence prediction
- Metastasis prediction
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 13 Image-based omics applications in rectal cancer: State of the art and future directions
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Radiomics in rectal cancer
- Clinical applications
- Radiogenomics
- Radiomics in multiomics integration
- Conclusions
- AI Disclosure
- References
- Section 3: Non neoplastic pathologies
- Chapter 14 Colon ischemia
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Colon vascular anatomy
- Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
- Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
- Internal iliac arteries
- Watershed areas
- Classification
- Etiopathogenesis
- Risk factors
- Patient-related factors
- Comorbid conditions
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory
- Imaging
- Differential diagnosis
- Clostridioides difficile colitis
- IBD
- Typhlitis
- Radiation colitis
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
- Treatment
- Medical
- Surgery
- Special clinical problems
- IRCI
- CI and adenocarcinoma of the colon
- CI and IBS
- CI and aortic surgery
- Complications
- Gangrene
- Segmental ulcerating colitis
- Ischemic stricture
- Universal fulminant colitis
- References
- Chapter 15 Infectious diseases of colon and rectum
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- The role of imaging in infectious colitis
- Bacterial colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Intestinal tuberculosis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Viral colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- COVID-related colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Sexually transmitted proctocolitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Fungal colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Parasitic colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Neutropenic enterocolitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- Toxic megacolon
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Differential diagnosis
- General differential diagnosis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Ischemic colitis
- Diagnosis algorithm: How to face an infectious colitis
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16 Autoimmune and inflammatory colon diseases
- Abstract
- Keywords
- INTRODUCTION
- Role of imaging
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Graft versus host disease
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Drug-induced complications of the colon
- Antibiotic-associated colitis or pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
- Antihypertensive treatment
- Chemotherapeutic agents-related colitis
- Radiation-induced colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Stercoral colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings (Fig. 9)
- Diverticulitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Eosinophilic colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Lupus-related enterocolitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Endometriosis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Postpolypectomy syndrome
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Chemical colitis
- General aspects
- Imaging findings
- Diversion colitis
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 17 Fistulae and abscess
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Anatomy of the anal region
- Topographic description of the fistulas: The “anal clock”
- Classification of perianal fistulas
- Parks classification
- St. James's University Hospital classification
- Preoperative assessment of perianal fistulae and abscess
- Pelvic MRI
- MRI protocol
- MRI coils
- MRI report: Checklist
- Endoanal ultrasound
- Computed tomography fistulography
- Conclusions
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: February 17, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- No. of pages: 406
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443290480
- eBook ISBN: 9780443290497
LS
Luca Saba
Luca Saba is Dean of School of Medicine at the University of Cagliari, full professor of Radiology and Chief of the Department of Radiology in the A.O.U. of Cagliari. Professor Saba’s research is focused on Multi-Detector-Row Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance, Ultrasound, Neuroradiology, and Diagnostic in Vascular Sciences. His works have achieved more than 700 high impact factor in notable peer-reviewed journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet Neurology, Circulation Radiology, American Journal of Neuroradiology, Atherosclerosis, European Radiology. He has spoken over 150 times at national and international levels and won 22 scientific and extracurricular awards during his career. Dr Saba has presented more than 500 papers and posters in National and International Congress (RSNA, ESGAR, ECR, ISR, AOCR, AINR, JRS, SIRM, AINR). He has written 43 book-chapters and is Editor of 19 books in the field of Computed Tomography, Cardiovascular, Plastic Surgery, Gynecological Imaging and Neurodegenerative imaging.
Affiliations and expertise
Dean of School of Medicine, University of Cagliari; Professor of Radiology and Chief of the Department of Radiology, A.O.U. of CagliariRead Colorectal Imaging on ScienceDirect