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Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention
Signals of the Mind
- 1st Edition - August 31, 2013
- Editor: George R. Mangun
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 8 4 5 1 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 8 4 9 6 - 8
Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention… Read more
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Request a sales quoteCognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention is an essential cognitive ability that enables humans to process and act upon relevant information while ignoring distracting information, and the capacity to focus attention is at the core of mental functioning. Understanding the neural bases of human attention remains a key challenge for neuroscientists and psychologists, and is essential for translational efforts to treat attentional deficits in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive electrophysiology is at the center of a multidisciplinary approach that involves the efforts of psychologists, neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists to identify basic brain mechanisms and develop translational approaches to improve mental health. This edited volume is authored by leading investigators in the field and discusses methods focused on electrophysiological recordings in humans, including electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) methods, and also incorporates evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention illuminates specific models about attentional mechanisms in vision, audition, multisensory integration, memory, and semantic processing in humans.
- Provides an exhaustive overview of attention processes, going from normal functioning to the pathological, and using a combination of methodological tools
- An important reference for electrophysiology researchers looking at underlying attention processes rather than the methods themselves
- Enables researchers across a broad range of cognitive-process and methodological specialties to stay current on particular hypotheses, findings, and methods
- Edited and authored by the worldwide leaders in the field, affording the broadest, most expert coverage available
Neuroscientists, cognitive neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists; academic neurologists and psychiatrists with research careers
Dedication
Preface
Foreword
References
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Section I: Spatial Attention
Introduction
Chapter 1. Profiling the Spatial Focus of Visual Attention
Abstract
Introduction
The Spatial Profile of Visual Attention—Conflicting Observations
The Spatial Profile of Visual Attention Varies with Demands on Feedforward and Feedback Processing in Visual Cortex
Surround Attenuation and the Role of Distractors in Visual Search
Summary
References
Chapter 2. How the Brain Prevents and Terminates Shifts of Attention
Abstract
Introduction
Basics of N2pc and Pd
Active Suppression of a Salient Distractor
Sensory Confounds and the Hillyard Principle
Active Suppression of a Memory-Matching Distractor
A Common Mechanism for Preventing and Terminating Attention
Active Suppression after Involuntary Capture of Attention
The Signal Suppression Hypothesis: Competition between the Attend-to-Me Signal and Active Suppression
References
Chapter 3. Neuronal and Neural-Population Mechanisms of Voluntary Visual-Spatial Attention
Abstract
Effects of Voluntary Visual-Spatial Attention on Neuronal Spike Rates
When Multiple Stimuli are Presented Within a Neuron's Receptive Field
Attentional Contrast-Gain and the Biased-Competition Model
The Normalization Model of Attention
Resolving Within-Receptive-Field Stimulus Competition: Attentional Modulation of Fast-Spiking Inhibitory Interneurons and Facilitation of Gamma-Band Oscillations of Neural Excitability
Attentional Reduction of Lateral Interference in Low-Level Visual Areas
Interim Summary
Attentional Enhancement of Neural Population Responses by Synchronization
Preserving Perceptual Fidelity In Spite of Strong Attentional Modulation of Visual Responses
Conclusions
Afterthoughts: Attention vs Awareness
References
Chapter 4. Sequential Effects in the Central Cue Posner Paradigm: On-line Bayesian Learning
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Chapter 5. EEG–fMRI Combination for the Study of Visual Perception and Spatial Attention
Abstract
Introduction
Identification of the Neural Source of VEP Components
Spatiotemporal Mapping of Motion Processing
Identification of the Neural Sources Modulated by Spatial Attention
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Source Localization of Visual Stimuli in Peripersonal Space
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Appendix
References
Chapter 7. Involuntary Cross-Modal Spatial Attention Influences Visual Perception
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Cross-Modal Cueing of Attention Enhances Perceptual Sensitivity
Cross-Modal Influences on Time-Order Perception
Cross-Modal Cueing of Attention Alters Visual Appearance
Salient Sounds Activate the Visual Cortex
Cross-Modal Cueing Affects Illusory Line Motion
Concluding Remarks
References
Section II: Feature and Object Attention
Introduction
Chapter 8. Object-Category Processing, Perceptual Awareness, and the Role of Attention during Motion-Induced Blindness
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Feature- and Object-Based Attention: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Correlates
Abstract
Introduction
Neurophysiological Evidence for Feature-Based Selection
Feature-Selection and Object-Based Attention: Neurophysiological Findings
Functional Neuroimaging Evidence for Feature-Based Selection
Feature-Selection in Object-Based Attention: Functional Neuroimaging Evidence
The Timing of Feature-Based Attentional Selection
General Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Neural Mechanisms of Feature-Based Attention
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Selection Units of Visual Attention and the Feature Similarity Gain Model
Top-Down Sensory Gain or Sharpening of Tuning Functions
The Steady State Visual Evoked Potential as Solution to Overcome Limitations of Previous Studies
Feature-Based Selection and Its Global Effect
Feature-Based Attention and Visual Search
Suppression of Neural Responses of the Unattended Feature Follows Amplification of the To-Be-Attended One
Feature-Based vs Location-Based Selection
Neural Circuits of Feature-Based and Spatial Attention
Feature-Based vs Object-Based Selection
Summary
References
Chapter 11. Effects of Preparatory Attention to Nonspatial Features in the Visual Cortex
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Controlling for Nonselective Effects
Eliminating Spatial Attention
Attending to Features or Dimensions
Controlling for Stimulus-Driven Effects
Measuring the Appropriate Neural Activity
Assessing Synchrony
Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. The Neural Basis of Color Binding to an Attended Object
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Behavioral Results
Event-Related Brain Potential Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13. Switching Attention between the Local and Global Levels in Visual Objects
Abstract
Introduction
Selective Attention When Faced by Two Streams of Stimuli
Attention to the Hierarchical Levels of Compound Object
Rapid Visual Object Transformation as a Research Tool
Direct Timing of Between-Level Attentional Shifts in Compound Figures
Sustained Attention to the Levels of a Compound Figure
Attentional Modulation of the ERPs Elicited by Different Levels of a Compound Figure
Applications of Rapid Object Transformation in the Study of Autism
Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Contour Integration: Sensory, Perceptual, and Attention-Based ERP Components
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Experiment 1: Identifying the CIN
Experiment 2: Distinguishing the CIN from the Selection Negativity
Experiment 3: Modulation of CIN Amplitude by Spatial Attention and Task Relevance
Experiment 4: Contour Integration without Conscious Perception
Experiment 5: Modulation of CIN Latency by Task Relevance
General Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Attentional Control of Multisensory Integration is Preserved in Aging
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Event-Related Potential Responses
Discussion
Author Contributions
References
Section III: Attention and Cognitive Processes
Introduction
Chapter 16. An Evolutionary Perspective on Attentional Processes
Abstract
Crypsis as an Adaptation to the Development of Sensory Systems
Evolutionary Responses to Crypsis
Examination of Brain Regions Supporting the Detection of Objects with Crypsis
Limitations
Conclusions
References
Chapter 17. Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and Attention to Rewards
Abstract
Electrophysiology of Reward Processing
Decomposition of the Contingent Negative Variation
Goal-Directed Attention
Early SPN Research
Two Attention Networks
Neuroimaging Data
Parkinson’s Disease
Response-Contingent Incentives
Valence Specificity
References
Chapter 18. A Neural Measure of Item Individuation
Abstract
Overview of Selection-Dependent Electrophysiological Activity
Individuation Limits in Rapid Enumeration
Individuation Limits in Visual Search
Individuation Limits in Spatiotemporal Updating
Individuation Limits in WM Storage
Sensitivity to Perceived Number of Items
General Discussion
Conclusions
References
Chapter 19. Selective Attention, Processing Load, and Semantics: Insights from Human Electrophysiology
Abstract
Acknowledgments
The N400 as an Index of Conceptual and Lexical Processing
Is Attention to Perceptual Features Necessary for Semantic Processing?
Preparing to Process Words: How Abstract is Preparatory Attention?
Task Relevance of Semantic Information
Semantic Access and Processing Load
References
Chapter 20. Altered N400 Congruity Effects in Parkinson’s Disease without Dementia
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
Chapter 21. Oscillations and Behavior: The Role of Phase–Amplitude Coupling in Cognition
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
PAC and Visual Perception
PAC and Attention
PAC and Memory
Entrainment of Neuronal Oscillations and PAC as a Coding Mechanism
Neural Dynamics in the Abnormal Brain
Can PAC be Reliably Measured Using Scalp EEG?
Conclusions
References
Index
- No. of pages: 304
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: August 31, 2013
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780123984517
- eBook ISBN: 9780123984968
GM
George R. Mangun
Affiliations and expertise
Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Psychology and Neurology, University of California, DavisRead Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention on ScienceDirect