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Clinical Immunology
Principles and Practice
- 6th Edition - December 6, 2022
- Editors: Robert R. Rich, Thomas A. Fleisher, Harry W. Schroeder Jr., Cornelia M. Weyand, David B. Corry, Jennifer M. Puck
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 8 1 6 5 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 8 5 2 2 - 6
Offering unique, comprehensive coverage of both basic science and clinical scenarios, Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, brings you up to date with every… Read more
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Request a sales quoteOffering unique, comprehensive coverage of both basic science and clinical scenarios, Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition, brings you up to date with every aspect of this fast-changing field. It examines the molecular, cellular, and immunologic bases of immunologic diseases and their broader systemic implications; it also includes complete coverage of common and uncommon immunologic disorders. Updated with all the latest immunologic research and clinical implications, including breakthrough immunotherapies and molecular-based treatment protocols, this fully revised edition provides authoritative guidance from some of the most respected global leaders in immunology in one complete, well-illustrated volume.
- Includes extensive revisions that reflect rapidly expanding research and clinical advances, including breakthrough drug and immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapies for cancer, precision medicine, and transfusion medicine.
- Contains new chapters on COVID-19, immune responses, and the role of the immune system; immunoregulatory deficiencies; immune checkpoints; CAR T cells, including new cellular-based immunotherapy; gene therapy, including CRISPR and gene selection; and a clinically focused chapter on asthma.
- Provides new genetics content focused on data applications.
- Addresses notable advances in key areas such as the importance of the microbiota to normal immune system development and to the pathogenesis of immunologic and inflammatory diseases; relationships between the innate and adaptive immune systems; progress in rapid and cost-effective genomics; cell signaling pathways and the structure of cell-surface molecules; and many more.
- Covers hot topics such as the role of genetics and genomics in immune response and immunologic disease, atherosclerosis, recurrent fever syndromes, aging and deficiencies of innate immunity, the role of microbiota in normal immune system development and in the pathogenesis of immunologic and inflammatory diseases, and novel therapeutics.
- Features a user-friendly format with color-coded boxes highlighting critical information on Key Concepts, Clinical Pearls, Clinical Relevance, and Therapeutic Principles.
- Summarizes promising research and development anticipated over the next 5–10 years with "On the Horizon" boxes and discussions of translational research.
- An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Practicing clinical immunologists; immunology/allergy, oncology fellows
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Sixth Edition
- List Of Contributors
- Dedication
- Part I: Principles of Immune Response
- 1. The Human Immune Response
- Abstract
- The Host-Microbe Interaction
- Cells of the Immune System
- Basis Of Adaptive Immunity
- Antigen-Binding Molecules
- Antigen Presentation
- Lymphocyte Adhesion and Trafficking
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Cell-Mediated Immune Responses
- Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses
- Apoptosis and Immune Homeostasis
- Mechanisms of Immunologic Diseases
- Host Immune Defenses Summarized
- References
- 2. Organization of the Immune System
- Abstract
- Hematopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis
- Major Lymphoid Organs
- Secondary Lymphoid Organs
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 3. Innate Immunity
- Abstract
- Barriers To Infection
- Humoral Innate Immunity
- Cellular Innate Immunity
- Activating Innate Immunity
- Innate Immunity In Clinical Practice
- References
- 4. Antigen Receptor Genes, Gene Products, and Co-Receptors
- Abstract
- Paratopes and Epitopes
- The B-Cell and T-Cell Receptor Antigen Recognition Complex
- Immunoglobulins and T-Cell Receptor Structures
- Immunoglobulin Classes and Subclasses
- T-Cell Receptor αβ and γδ
- Immunoglobulin Gene Organization
- B-Cell Receptor Complex: Structure and Function
- The T-Cell Receptor/CD3 Complex
- T-Cell Co-Receptors: CD4 and CD8
- Co-Stimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Molecules: The CD28 Family
- REFERENCES
- 5. The Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Abstract
- Genomic Organization of the Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Structure And Function Of The Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules
- Generation and Selection of Polymorphisms; Biological Consequences
- Human Leukocyte Antigens in Infections, Transplantation, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
- Human Leukocyte Antigen and Disease Associations
- Drug Hypersensitivity and Pharmacogenomics
- Methods of Detecting Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphisms. The Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing Problem
- Human Leukocyte Antigen Nomenclature
- Future Learning and Resources
- References
- 6. Antigens and Antigen Presentation
- Abstract
- Antigens
- Antigen-Presenting Cells
- Antigen Processing
- Antigen Presentation
- Clinical Relevance
- References
- 7. B-Cell Development and Differentiation
- Abstract
- Generation of a Functioning Antigen Receptor Is Key to the Viability of a B Cell
- Tyrosine Kinases Play Key Roles in B-Cell Development
- Cell-Surface Antigens Associated with B-Cell Development
- Transcription Factors and Epigenetic Mechanisms Controlling B-Cell Differentiation
- MicroRNAs, Long Noncoding RNAs, and B-Cell Development
- Modulation of B-Cell Development by Chemokines, Cytokines, and Hormones
- Organization of the Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
- The Spleen
- B-Cell Development in the Periphery
- Differentiation and the Response to Antigen
- Molecular Mechanism of Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination
- B-Cell Memory
- Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue and B-Cell Development
- B-Cell Functions in Addition to Antibody Production
- References
- 8. Immunoglobulin Function
- Abstract
- Antigen Binding and Molecular Identity
- Immunological Specificity
- Protein Epitopes
- Carbohydrate Epitopes
- Immune Complexes in Vivo
- Correlations between CH Region Structure and Antibody Function
- Functions Mediated by Antibody Alone
- Functions Mediated by Antibody and Additional Molecules or Cells
- Antibodies as Surrogate Ligands
- Functional Properties of Engineered Antibody Molecules
- References
- 9. T-Cell Development
- Abstract
- T-Cell Development
- Thymus: The Site of T-Cell Development
- Early T-Cell Development
- T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement Begins at DN2
- Positive and Negative Selection
- CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Characteristics are set in the Thymus
- Tolerance
- Migration of Thymocytes into the Periphery
- Thymic Atrophy
- References
- 10. T-Cell Activation and Tolerance
- Abstract
- The T-Cell Antigen Receptor Complex
- Integration of Second-Messenger Pathways by Adaptor Proteins
- Tolerance
- Summary And Future Directions
- References
- 11. Helper T-Cell Subsets and Control of the Inflammatory Response
- Abstract
- Activation
- Clonal Expansion
- Trafficking
- Differentiation of CD4 Th Subsets
- Effector Cell Phenotypes
- Regulatory T Cells
- Follicular Helper T Cells
- Memory T Cells
- General Considerations in Effector T-Cell Differentiation
- Termination of T-Cell Responses
- Cell Death Pathways in T-Cell Homeostasis
- Action of Inhibitory Receptors
- Cytokine-Mediated Inhibition
- Summary of Therapeutic Regulation of T-Cell Responses for Treatment of Immune-Mediated Diseases
- References
- 12. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells
- Abstract
- Effector Functions/Mechanisms
- Cytotoxic T Cells
- The Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response
- CD4 T-Cell Help
- Detection and Analysis of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Function
- Natural Killer Cells
- Cytokine Regulation of Natural Killer–Cell Activation, Function, and Homeostasis
- Natural Killer–Cell Receptors
- Natural Killer Receptors That Recognize Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules
- Natural Killer–Cell Receptors That Recognize Non–Major Histocompatibility Complex I Molecules
- Natural Killer–Cell Licensing and Self-Tolerance
- Specific Natural Killer–Cell Functions
- Interactions of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cells in the Immune Response
- Evasion of the Cytotoxic Response
- References
- 13. Regulatory Immune Cells
- Abstract
- Other Subsets of FOXP3− Regulatory T Cells
- Clinical Relevance of Regulatory T Cells
- Translational Research
- References
- 14. Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors
- Abstract
- Cytokine Classification
- Type I and II Cytokine Receptors (Hematopoietin Family and Interferon Receptors)
- The TNF Cytokine and Receptor Superfamily
- Interleukin-1/Toll-like Receptor Family
- Interleukin-17 Receptors
- Cytokines Activating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- Transforming Growth Factor-b Ligand and Receptor Families
- Other Cytokines
- Conclusions and Summary
- References
- 15. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors
- Abstract
- Chemokines
- Chemokine Receptors
- Atypical Chemokine System Components
- Chemokine Presentation Mechanisms
- Chemokine Activation of Chemotactic Signaling Pathways
- Regulation of Chemokine Action
- Leukocyte Responses to Chemokines
- Chemokine Regulation of Hematopoiesis
- Chemokine Regulation of the Immune Response
- Clinical Correlates
- Therapeutic Applications
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 16. Lymphocyte Adhesion and Trafficking
- Abstract
- Early Lymphocyte Precursor Trafficking to the Primary Lymphoid Organs
- Migration of Naive Mature Lymphocytes from Blood to the Secondary Lymphoid Organs
- Activated Lymphocytes Display Selective Tissue Homing Patterns
- Distinct Recirculation Routes in the Spleen
- Inflammation-Induced Changes in Leukocyte Trafficking
- Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Leukocyte Extravasation from Blood Into Tissues
- Receptors and Their Ligands in Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interaction
- Intraorgan Lymphocyte Localization
- Cell Trafficking Within Lymphatics
- Clinical Implications
- Adhesion Molecules as Diagnostic Targets
- Therapeutic Applications of Adhesion-Modulating Therapies
- References
- 17. Death Pathways and Immunogenicity
- Abstract
- Cell Death and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns—The Concept of Necroinflammation
- Regulated Cell Death Regulates its Immunogenicity in an Active Manner
- Signaling Pathways of Regulated Cell Death
- Concluding Remarks and Implications for Solid-Organ Transplantations
- Acknowledgments and Conflict of Interest Statement
- References
- Part II: Fundamentals of Host-Environmental Interactions
- 18. Human Genomics in Immunology
- Abstract
- Genome Annotation
- Human Variation
- Clinical Impact of Human Variation
- Comparative Genomics
- Functional Genomics
- Applying Human Genomics to Discovery of Disorders of the Human Immune System
- Finding Disease-Causing Variants by Analyzing Deep Sequence Data
- Interpreting Variants Discovered Through Gene Sequencing
- Future Directions
- References
- 19. Regulatory RNA in Immunologic Diseases
- Abstract
- Classes of Regulatory RNAs
- lncRNAs and the Development and Function of the Immune System
- lncRNAs and Immune-Mediated Disease
- Links between IFNG-AS1 and Brucellosis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- GATA3-AS1 and Allergy
- lncRNAs, NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B (NF-κB), and the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- lncRNAs and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- miRNAs
- Genome-Wide Association Studies
- References
- 20. Immunometabolism
- Abstract
- Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Glutaminolysis
- Fatty Acid Oxidation and Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- References
- 21. Immune Deficiencies at the Extremes of Age
- Abstract
- Infancy and the Generation of an Immune System
- Innate Immune Development
- Adaptive Immune Development
- Infancy and Functional Differentiation of Adaptive Immune Cells
- Infant Immune Development and the Microbiome
- Clinical Consequences for Childhood Vaccination
- Older age and Immune Cell Generation
- T-cell Population Homeostasis
- Inflammation, Aging, and the Aging Host Environment
- Cellular Defects in Immune Aging
- Clinical Consequences of Immune Aging—Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity, and Accelerated Degenerative Diseases
- Strategies and Interventions on the Horizon
- References
- 22. The Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation
- Abstract
- Overview of Our Nonmammalian “Self”
- The Immune System Facilitates Microbial Colonization
- Microbiota-Dependent Maturation of The Intestinal Immune System
- Immune Consequences of Early Microbial Manipulation
- Immune System—Microbiota CROSSTALK in Intestinal Inflammation
- Extraintestinal Manifestations of Gut Microbiota–Immune System Interaction
- Cancer and the Microbiota
- The Skin Microbiota and The Immune System
- The Respiratory Tract Microbiota In Health And Disease
- Microbes as Therapy
- Summary
- References
- Part III: Host Defenses to Infectious Agents
- 23. Immunology of the Skin
- Abstract
- Molecules Primarily Associated with Innate Immunity and Skin
- Cytokine Signaling
- Cellular Components of the Cutaneous Adaptive Immune Response
- Dendritic Cells
- T-Cell Subpopulations and the Skin
- Mast Cells
- Events Involved in the Generation of a Prototypic Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in the Skin
- Antibodies and Skin
- Environmental Challenges and the Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
- References
- 24. Immunology of Mucosal Surfaces
- Abstract
- The Innate Mucosal Defense System
- The Common Mucosal Immune System
- Lymphocyte Homing into Mucosal Compartments
- Induction of Mucosal Immunity
- Vaccine Development And Mucosal Immune Responses
- Synthesis and Functions of Secretory Antibodies
- Mucosal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
- Mucosal Immune Responses in Early Life and Aging
- References
- 25. Host Defenses to Viruses
- Abstract
- Viral Entry and Infection
- Innate Immunity to Viruses
- Adaptive Immunity to Viruses
- Immunological Memory
- Immune Evasion and Immunity to Chronic Viral Infections
- Outcomes of Virus Infection: Immunity or Immunopathology
- Immunopathology and Autoimmunity
- Translational Research Opportunities
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 26. Host Defenses to Intracellular Bacteria
- Abstract
- Balance of Protection and Pathology Defines the Chronic Nature of Intracellular Bacterial Infection
- Intracellular Bacterial Infections of Clinical Relevance
- Granuloma Pathology as Hallmark of Intracellular Bacterial Infection
- Role of the Facultative Intracellular Niche in Sepsis and Pneumonia
- The Interdependence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Protection Against Intracellular Bacteria
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 27. Host Defenses to Extracellular Bacteria Including Spirochetes
- Abstract
- Clearance and Nonspecific Host Defenses at Mucosal Epithelial Surfaces
- Host Defenses to Extracellular Bacteria Including Spirochetes
- Host Risk Factors for Local and Systemic Invasion by Extracellular Pathogens and Spirochetes
- Deleterious Host Responses
- Translational Research Opportunities
- References
- 28. Host Defenses to Fungi
- Abstract
- Fungal Recognition Pathways and their Contribution to Human Antifungal Host Defense
- Immune Responses to Yeast Fungi
- Patients AT RISK for Yeast Infections due to Genetic or PHARMACOLOGICAL Factors
- Patients AT RISK for Invasive Mold Infections due to Genetic or PHARMACOLOGICAL Factors
- Immune Responses to Dimorphic Fungi
- Patients AT RISK for Endemic Mycoses due to Genetic or PHARMACOLOGICAL Factors
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 29. Host Defenses to Protozoa
- Abstract
- Plasmodium SPP.
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Leishmania SPP.
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Giardia duodenalis
- Cryptosporidium SPP.
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- References
- 30. Host Defenses to Helminth Infection
- Abstract
- Spectrum of Host–Parasite Interactions
- Prototypical Host Responses to Helminths
- Protective Immunity Against Helminths
- Pathology Associated with Immune Responses in Parasitic Helminth Infection
- Mechanisms of Evasion and Immune Regulation by Helminth Parasites
- Helminths and the Microbiota
- Regulation of Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Metabolic Diseases in Helminth Infection
- Helminth Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases
- Vaccines Against Helminth Parasites
- References
- 31. Emerging Pandemic Infectious Disease Threats
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Human Betacoronavirus
- Flaviviruses—Dengue and Zika Virus Disease
- Treatment and Prevention
- Ebola
- Alphainfluenzavirus—Pandemic Influenza
- Emerging Bacterial Threats
- References
- Part IV: Immune Deficiency and Immune Regulatory Disorders
- 32. Approach to the Evaluation of the Patient With Suspected Immunodeficiency
- Abstract
- Evaluating Suspected Defects in Antibody Response
- Evaluating Suspected T-Cell Defects
- Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
- Evaluating Suspected Natural Killer Defects
- Evaluating Immune Defects Involving Macrophage Activation
- Evaluating Suspected Toll-Like Receptor Defects
- Evaluating Suspected Phagocyte Dysfunction Syndromes
- Evaluating Suspected Complement Disorders
- Conclusions
- References
- 33. Primary Antibody Deficiencies
- Abstract
- Clinical Manifestations
- Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment
- X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
- Autosomal Agammaglobulinemia
- Hyper-Immunoglobulin Syndrome
- Selective Immunoglobulin a Deficiency
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Like Disorders
- Selective Immunoglobulin G Subclass Deficiencies
- Antibody Deficiency with Normal Serum Immunoglobulin Levels
- Selective Light Chain Deficiency
- Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- Frontiers in Research
- References
- 34. Primary T-Cell Immunodeficiencies
- Abstract
- Severe Combined Immune Deficiency—General Considerations
- Scid Due to Metabolic Defects Affecting Survival of T-Cell Progenitors
- Scid Due to Defects of Cytokine-Mediated Signaling
- Scid Due to Defects of V(D)J Recombination
- Scid Due to Defects of the Cd3/Tcr Complex
- Scid Due to Other Hematopoietic Defects
- Scid Due Non-Hematopoietic Defects
- Combined Immune Deficiency—Definition
- Cid Due to Metabolic Defects
- Cid Due to Defects of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Expression
- CID Due to Defects of Dna Repair and DNA Replication
- CID Associated With Cytoskeletal Defects
- CID Due to Defects of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Iron Internalization
- CID Associated With Prominent Immune Dysregulation
- Other Forms of Cid Due to Defects of Transcription Factors
- Management of Patients with CID
- References
- 35. Genetic Disorders of Interferons-, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-18, and Nuclear Factor-κB-Mediated Immunity
- Abstract
- Genetic Disorders of Interferon-γ-Dependent Immunity and Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease
- Genetic Disorders Predisposing to Tuberculosis
- Genetic Disorders of the TLR3 Pathway in Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis
- Genetic Disorders of Other Interferon-Inducing Pathways in Other Severe Viral Infections
- Genetic Etiologies of Life-Threatening Influenza Pneumonitis
- Genetic Etiologies in Human Papillomaviruses
- Human Genetic Basis of Fulminant Viral Hepatitis
- Hypomorphic Mutations of IKBKG/NEMO
- Genetic Disorders of IKKα/IKKβ
- Hypermorphic Mutations of Nuclear factor-κB Inhibitor Alpha (NFKBIA/IκBα)
- LUBAC Deficiency: HOIL1/RBCK1 and HOIP/RNF31 deficiencies
- IRAK4 and MYD88 Deficiency
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 36. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Genetics
- Diagnosis
- Other Manifestations
- Distinctive Clinical Contexts
- Treatment
- Summary
- References
- 37. Autoinflammatory Syndromes
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- SIGNS and Symptoms
- Pathogenesis
- Laboratory Tests
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Amyloidosis
- Conclusions
- References
- 38. Immune Regulatory Disorders
- Abstract
- Clinical Features of Immune Regulatory Disorders
- The Genetics of Immune Regulatory Disorders
- General Diagnostic Testing Approach to Immune Regulatory Disorders
- Specific Immune Regulatory Disorders
- Nonmalignant Lymphoproliferation
- Conclusions
- References
- 39. Neutrophils and Neutrophil Disorders
- Abstract
- Neutrophils
- Production of Macrophages and Granulocytes
- Evolution of Neutrophil Granules
- Disorders of Neutrophil Production
- Defects of Leukocyte Adhesion
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
- Hyper-IgE Recurrent Infection, or Job Syndrome
- Assessment of Neutrophil Function
- Translational Research
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 40. Complement and Complement Disorders
- Abstract
- Overview: an Evolutionary and Historical Perspective
- Complement Pathways
- Membrane Attack Complex
- Regulation of Complement Activation
- Complement Receptors
- Complement in Host Defense and Immunity
- Complement Deficiencies
- Complement in Disease
- Complement-Based Therapeutics
- References
- 41. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Abstract
- US Perspective
- HIV Immunopathogenesis
- Anti-HIV Immunity
- Innate Immunity in HIV Infection
- Clinical Features
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hiv Infection
- Treatment
- Immunoreconstitution After Therapy
- Prevention
- Hiv Vaccines: Clinical Trials
- Translational Research Needs and Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 42. Autoantibody-Mediated Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
- Abstract
- Overview of Pathophysiology
- Anti-GM-CSF Autoantibodies and Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
- Anti IFN-Γ Autoantibodies and Susceptibility to Intracellular Pathogens
- Anti-IL-17 and Anti-IL-22 Autoantibodies and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
- Anti-IL-6 Autoantibodies and Bacterial Infections
- Management
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part V: Allergic Diseases
- 43. Allergic Airway Diseases
- Abstract
- Clinical Presentation of Allergic Airway Disease
- Other Airway Allergic Disease Syndromes
- Immunologic Mechanisms of Allergic Airway Disease
- Novel Pathways to Therapy in Inflammatory Airway Disease
- References
- 44. Mast Cells and Mast Cell Disorders
- Abstract
- Mast Cell Biology
- Mast Cell Activation
- Mast Cell Mediators
- Normal Mast Cell Function
- Mast Cell Related Disease
- Mast Cell Disorders
- Basophils and Related Disorders
- References
- 45. Eosinophils and Eosinophilic Disorders
- Abstract
- Eosinophil Biology
- Role of Eosinophils in Homeostasis
- Eosinophilia and Eosinophilic Disorders
- Therapy of Eosinophil-Associated Disorders
- Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- References
- 46. Urticaria, Angioedema, and Anaphylaxis
- Abstract
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Clinical Patterns
- Etiopathophysiology
- Clinical Classification
- Differential Diagnosis of Urticaria
- Work-up in Patients with Urticaria
- Management of Urticaria
- Management of Hereditary Angioedema
- Translational Research Opportunities
- References
- 47. Allergic Reactions to Stinging and Biting Insects
- Abstract
- Entomological Aspects,
- Allergens in Hymenoptera Venoms
- Clinical Picture
- Epidemiological Aspects
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- ReferenceS
- 48. Atopic and Contact Dermatitis
- Abstract
- Clinical Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis
- Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis
- Management of Atopic Dermatitis
- Recalcitrant Disease
- Prevention
- Contact Dermatitis
- Pathogenesis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Pathogenesis of Irritant Contact Dermatitis
- Clinical Manifestations of Contact Dermatitis
- Management of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- References
- 49. Food Allergy
- Abstract
- Prevalence
- Spectrum of Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Properties of Food Allergens
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Treatment of a Reaction
- Prevention of Food Allergy
- Experimental Interventional Therapies
- References
- 50. Drug Hypersensitivity
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Immune System Recognition of Drugs
- Risk Factors for Drug Allergy
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Specific Drug Hypersensitivity
- Conclusion
- References
- Part VI: Systemic Immune Diseases
- 51. Mechanisms of Autoimmunity
- Abstract
- The Distinct Phases in the Development of Autoimmunity
- Phase 2: Initiation
- Phase 3: Propagation
- Translational Research
- References
- 52. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Immunopathogenesis
- Hormonal Influences
- Clinical Manifestations
- Translational Research
- Conclusions
- References
- 53. Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Treatment
- References
- 54. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- Abstract
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Environmental Factors
- Immune Abnormalities
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Clinical Subtypes
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Translational Research
- References
- 55. Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Abstract
- Etiopathogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis and Classification
- Clinical Features
- Therapy
- References
- 56. Scleroderma–Systemic Sclerosis
- Abstract
- Prevalence and Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- References
- 57. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases
- Abstract
- Clinical Features
- Classification
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Genetics
- Natural History
- Patient Management
- Diagnostic Tools, Evaluation, and Differential Diagnosis
- Pitfalls
- References
- 58. Spondyloarthritis
- Abstract
- Classification of Spondyloarthritis
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis
- Pathology of SpA
- Clinical Features
- Disease Course and Prognosis
- Treatment
- Conclusions and Research Opportunities
- References
- 59. Small- and Medium-Vessel Primary Vasculitis
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Pathogenesis of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitides
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
- Environmental and Infectious Triggers
- Drug Induced Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitides
- Loss of B- and T-Cell Tolerance in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
- Role of Neutrophils
- Role of Complement
- Pathogenesis of Kawasaki Disease
- Pathogenesis of Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
- Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Glomerulonephritis with Polyangiitis
- Classification of Vasculitides
- Diagnosis
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Outcomes
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 60. Large Vessel Vasculitides
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Etiology and Pathogenesis
- Innate Immune System Defects
- Adaptive Immune System Defects
- Clinical Features in Giant Cell Arteritis
- Clinical Features in Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Clinical Features in Takayasu Arteritis
- Diagnosis
- Therapeutic Management
- References
- 61. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Etiopathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Conclusions and Translational Research
- References
- Part VII: Organ-Specific Inflammatory Disease
- 62. Immunohematologic Disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
- Immune-Mediated Neutropenia
- Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenias
- Autoimmune MULTILINEAGE Cytopenias
- References
- 63. Bullous Diseases of the Skin and Mucous Membranes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Target Antigens and Disease Entities
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentations
- Diagnosis
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 64. Immunology of Psoriasis
- Abstract
- Clinical and Histologic Features of Psoriasis
- Immune-Related Genetic Factors Predisposing to Psoriasis
- Effector Cells and Immune Mechanisms Operating in Psoriasis
- Conclusions
- References
- 65. Myasthenia Gravis
- Abstract
- Disease Diagnosis and Classification
- Neuromuscular Transmission
- Autoantigens in Myasthenia Gravis and Their Roles in Neuromuscular Transmission
- Experimental Models to Study Myasthenia Gravis
- Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis
- Treatment
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Corticosteroids
- Thymectomy
- Immunosuppressants
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Plasma Exchange
- Eculizumab
- Therapies Under Development
- Reducing Effector Activity: Moderation of Autoantibody Levels and Complement Inhibition
- Moderating Proinflammatory Signals
- Future Studies
- References
- 66. Multiple Sclerosis
- Abstract
- Clinical Subsets and Phenomonology
- Diagnosis
- Risk Factors
- Pathologic Features of Multiple Sclerosis
- Immunopathogenesis
- Disease-Modifying Therapies
- Future Directions
- References
- 67. Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathies
- Abstract
- Acute Inflammatory Polyneuropathy: Guillain-Barré Syndrome(s)
- Diagnosis
- Antecedent Events
- Immunopathology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
- Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Conduction Block
- Polyneuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathies of Undetermined Significance
- Antibodies to Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (MAG) in Patients with IgM MGUS (Anti-MAG Neuropathy)
- Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Myeloma, and Skin Changes (Poems Syndrome)
- Paraneoplastic Peripheral Neuropathies WITH Anti-HU OR CRMP-5 Antibodies
- Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathies
- Possibly Autoimmune Small Fiber Sensory Neuropathies, Neuropathic Pain, and Neural Antibodies
- Mononeuropathy Multiplex and Localized, Isolated Vasculitis of the Peripheral Nerves
- Neuropathy with Viruses
- Treatment
- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 68. Immunologic Renal Diseases
- Abstract
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Acute Nephritic Syndrome
- Renal Biopsy
- Minimal Change Disease
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Membranous Nephropathy
- Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Postinfectious Nephropathies
- References
- 69. Immunologic Mechanisms ofAtherosclerosis and Myocarditis
- Abstract
- Immunological Mechanisms that Contribute to Atherosclerosis
- Myocarditis: Immune Response that Damages the Heart
- Clinical Implications of Cardiac Inflammation
- References
- 70. Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
- Abstract
- Graves Hyperthyroidism
- Graves Ophthalmopathy
- Future Developments for Graves Hyperthyroidism and Ophthalmopathy
- Autoimmune Hypothyroidism
- Future Developments
- Other Forms of Thyroiditis
- Postpartum Thyroiditis
- Immunomodulation and Thyroid Dysfunction
- Translational Research
- References
- 71. Type 1 Diabetes
- Abstract
- Epidemiology and Natural History of T1DA
- Pathogenesis: Nature and Nurture
- Genes
- β Cells
- Environment—Outside and Inside
- Treatment and Prevention
- References
- 72. Immunologic Lung Diseases
- Abstract
- Inflammation of Interstitial Lung Diseases
- Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
- Lung Involvement in Connective Tissue Diseases
- Conclusions
- References
- 73. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Emphysema
- Abstract
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Definition and Epidemiology
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Clinical Subphenotypes
- References
- 74. Immunologic Ocular Disease
- Abstract
- The Ocular Immune System
- Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye
- Uveitis and Intraocular Immune-mediated Inflammation
- Neuro-Ophthalmic Immune-Mediated Diseases
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Extraocular Immune-mediated Inflammation
- Corneal Transplant and Transplant Rejection
- Emerging Topics in Immunologic Ocular Diseases
- Summary
- References
- 75. Immunologic Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Abstract
- Gastritis
- Celiac Disease
- Crohn Disease
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Other Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Gastrointestinal Complications of Primary Immunodeficiencies
- References
- 76. Inflammatory Hepatobiliary Diseases
- Abstract
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis
- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
- Overlap/Variant Syndromes
- Immunoglobulin 4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
- References
- Part VIII: Immunology and Immunotherapy of Neoplasia
- 77. Lymphoid Leukemias
- Abstract
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Conclusions
- References
- 78. Lymphomas
- Abstract
- Mature B-Cell Neoplasms
- T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasms
- Hodgkin Lymphomas
- References
- 79. Monoclonal Gammopathies
- Abstract
- Diagnosing a Monoclonal Gammopathy
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
- Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
- Multiple Myeloma
- Plasma Cell Leukemia
- Plasmacytoma
- Immunoglobulin Light-Chain Amyloidosis
- WaldenstrÖm Macroglobulinemia and Smoldering WaldenstrÖm Macroglobulinemia
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Clinical Significance
- References
- 80. Immune Responses to Solid Tumors and Immune Checkpoint Therapy
- Abstract
- Immune Checkpoints
- References
- 81. CAR T-Cell Therapy
- Abstract
- Car Structure
- Car T-Cell Toxicity
- Antigen Loss and Heterogeneity
- Targeting Hematologic Malignancies
- Solid Tumors and Their Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
- Combating the Tme by Gene Modification of Car T Cells
- The Differentiation State and Subset Origin of the Infused T Cells is Important
- Intrapatient Comparative Studies Can Best Identify Optimal Car T Cells
- Off-the-Shelf Car T Cells
- Summary
- References
- Part IX: Medical Management of Immunological Diseases
- 82. Immunoglobulin Therapy: Replacement and Immunomodulation
- Abstract
- Replacement Therapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin
- Adverse Events Associated With Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
- Mechanisms of Action of Immunoglobulin Therapy in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases
- References
- 83. Glucocorticoids
- Abstract
- Mechanisms of Action
- Glucocorticoid Effects on Immune Cells
- The Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Arthritis
- Therapeutic Use
- Glucocorticoid Treatment Regimens: General Aspects
- Timing of Glucocorticoid Administration Matters
- New Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligands on the Horizon
- References
- 84. Immunomodulating Drugs
- Abstract
- Methotrexate
- Sulfasalazine
- Azathioprine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Leflunomide
- Mycophenolate Mofetil
- Hydroxyurea
- Oral Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus (FK506)
- Topical Pimecrolimus and Tacrolimus (FK506)
- Sirolimus
- Imiquimod
- 5-Fluorouracil
- Glatiramer
- Fingolimod (FTY720)
- Conclusions
- References
- 85. Protein Kinase Antagonists
- Abstract
- Structure and Function of Protein Kinases
- A Short History of the Generation of Kinase Inhibitors
- Targeting Cytokine Signaling
- Jakinibs and the Type I/II Cytokine Receptor Family
- Targeting Kinases Involved in TNFR Signaling
- Targeting Antigen- and Related Receptor Signaling
- Conclusions
- References
- 86. Biologic Response Modifiers
- Abstract
- Immunomodulatory Cytokines
- Inhibitors of Inflammatory Cytokines
- Inhibitors of Mast Cell Activation
- Inhibitors of Eosinophil Activation
- B-Cell and T-Cell Depleting Agents
- References
- 87. Vaccines
- Abstract
- Introduction
- History of Vaccination
- Accomplishments of Vaccination
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 88. Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Diseases
- Abstract
- Historical Perspective
- Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: Place in Therapy
- References
- Part X: Transplantation
- 89. Solid Organ Transplantation: Rejection, Immunosuppression, and Tolerance
- Abstract
- The Immune Response in Organ Transplantation
- How Are Grafts Destroyed: The Host Effector Immune Response
- Immunosuppressive Management
- Tolerance
- New Frontiers in Organ Supply for Transplantation: Xenotransplantation
- References
- 90. Allogeneic Transplantation for Immunodeficiency
- Abstract
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: General Considerations
- Future Directions for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Primary Immune Deficiency
- References
- 91. Gene Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
- Abstract
- Gene Transfer to Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Clinical Trials of Gene Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiencies
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (Chapter 34)
- Gene Therapy Considerations for other Primary Immune Deficiencies
- Gene Editing for Gene Therapy of Primary Immune Deficiencies
- Use of Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Gene Therapy of Primary Immune Deficiencies
- Gene Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiencies Involving Serum Protein Deficiencies
- Advancing Gene Therapy for Primary Immune Deficiencies from Experimental to Standard of Care
- Conclusion
- References
- 92. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Malignant Diseases
- Abstract
- Immune Mechanisms Related to Allo-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Clinical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Conditioning Regimens
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Individual Diseases
- Future Directions
- References
- Part XI: Diagnostic Immunology
- 93. Flow Cytometry
- Abstract
- Instrumentation
- Fluorescence Reagents
- Data Analysis
- Methods
- Practical Applications of Flow Cytometry
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 94. Assessment of Functional Immune Responses in Lymphocytes
- Abstract
- T-Cell Response
- Measurement of T-Cell Function Via Activation Markers
- Assessment of Cellular Viability In Lymphocytes
- Measurement of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
- Natural Killer Cell Activation and Function
- Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity
- Evaluation of Regulatory T-Cell Function
- Assessment of Signaling and Dna Repair Pathways In Lymphocytes Via Phosphoflow Cytometry
- Assessment of B-Cell Function
- Summary
- References
- 95. Assessment of Neutrophil Function
- Abstract
- Isolation of Neutrophils
- Histochemical Analysis of Neutrophils
- Analysis of Granule Constituents
- Neutrophil Adherence
- Neutrophil Chemotaxis
- Expression of Surface Antigens
- Neutrophil Degranulation
- Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
- Western Blot Analysis of Nadph Oxidase Protein Subunits
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 96. Assessment of Human Allergic Diseases
- Abstract
- Biological Properties of Immunoglobulin E
- Clinical Importance of Total Serum Immunoglobulin E
- Clinical Importance of Allergen-Specific Immunoglobulin E
- Clinical History
- Diagnostic Methods
- Initial Clinical Laboratory Tests
- In Vivo Provocation Testing
- In Vitro Testing
- References
- Appendix 1. Selected CD Molecules and Their Characteristics
- Appendix 2. Laboratory Reference Values
- Index
- No. of pages: 1344
- Language: English
- Edition: 6
- Published: December 6, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780702081651
- eBook ISBN: 9780443285226
RR
Robert R. Rich
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USATF
Thomas A. Fleisher
Affiliations and expertise
Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics, USUHA, Chief, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USAHS
Harry W. Schroeder Jr.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Genetics, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Director, UAB Program in Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USACW
Cornelia M. Weyand
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine: Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford, CA, USA