Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders
- 1st Edition, Volume 206 - January 24, 2025
- Editors: Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Christian Cajochen
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 1 8 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 9 1 9 - 8
Circadian rhythms, sleep, and sleep disorders covers the topic in two sections focusing on basic science and clinical application. In the basic section, new developments and resea… Read more
Purchase options
Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteCircadian rhythms, sleep, and sleep disorders covers the topic in two sections focusing on basic science and clinical application. In the basic section, new developments and research findings focusing on basic circadian rhythm and sleep physiology in animals and humans is highlighted. The chapters are written in short mini-review formats in order to concisely describe the fundamentals, and current hot topics.
The basic part starts with a chapter on the fundamentals and new discoveries on oscillating circuitries in the sleeping rodent and human brain. This sets the stage for chap 2, focusing on circadian and homeostatic aspects of human sleep regulation. Chap 3 extends these aspects to human cognition. The next chapter reports on visual and non-visual effects of light on human behavior, particularly endocrine and electrophysiological correlates. Chap 5 covers chronic sleep restriction effects on functional connectivity states. The last two chapters (6 and 7) give a broad overview on sleep modeling across physiological levels, with a focus on a quantitative model of sleep-wake dynamics based on the physiology of the brainstem ascending arousal system.
The clinical section of the book describes the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, from epidemiology to clinical picture and treatment. Disorders covered include delayed and advanced sleep phase syndrome, Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder, shift work disorder, restless legs syndrome, nocturnal eating syndrome, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia are explored, as well as the role of sleep-wake modulation in the pathogenesis and clinical profile of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Covers basic science and clinical disorders
- Includes homeostatic aspects of sleep regulation
- Discusses effects of sleep and sleep deprivation on cognition and behavior
- Provides quantitative models of sleep-wake dynamics
- Reviews epidemiology, clinical picture, and treatment of disorders
- Identifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments of insomnia
- Explores sleep disorders accompanying Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other disorders
- Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Sleep Disorders
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Series Page
- Copyright
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- Section I: Basic science
- Chapter 1 Effects of light on biological functions and human sleep
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Light, Sleep, and Chronobiology
- Basic Principles
- Visual and nonvisual effects of light
- The Two-Process Model of Sleep–Wake Regulation
- Effects of Light Exposure During Daytime on Sleep and Sleep Architecture
- Light exposure and the circadian system
- Daytime light exposure and sleep
- Interindividual differences in light responsiveness
- Exposure to Artificial Light in the Evening
- Summary
- Conflict of interest
- References
- Chapter 2 Rhythms of light: Understanding the role of circadian timing in alertness and cognitive performance
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction and Definition of Concepts
- The Impact of the Sleep–Wake Cycle on Alertness, Sustained Attention, and Cognition
- Effects of Time of Day When in Circadian Alignment
- Effects of Circadian Misalignment
- Direct Effects of Light
- Summary and Future Directions
- Future directions
- References
- Chapter 3 Impact of sleep deprivation on dynamic functional connectivity states
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Functional Connectivity and Sleep Deprivation: fMRI Evidence
- Vigilance and attention
- Memory
- Emotional memory and processing
- Functional Connectivity and Sleep Deprivation: EEG Evidence
- Connectivity in resting-state networks
- Task-related EEG connectivity
- Clinical Implications and Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4 Sleep and circadian rhythms modeling: From hypothalamic regulatory networks to cortical dynamics and behavior
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Part I: Model of Arousal Dynamics
- Key physiology of sleep–wake cycles
- Model structure
- Dynamics
- Future directions for sleep–wake cycles modeling
- Part II: Models of EEG Activity
- Measuring and quantifying sleep activity at the whole brain level
- Key anatomic structures represented in sleep EEG models
- Models of corticothalamic sleep dynamics
- Future directions for EEG brain models
- Connecting Across Scales
- Existing models combining sleep regulatory networks and EEG
- Open challenges
- Conclusion
- References
- Section II: Clinical applications
- Chapter 5 Advanced sleep phase syndrome: Role of genetics and aging
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- The Physiology of the Circadian System
- Process C
- Chronotypes
- Process S, the sleep homeostat
- Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorders
- Advanced Sleep–Wake Phase Disorder
- Demographics
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Objective findings
- Aging and neurodegeneration
- Treatment
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6 Irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder: From the pathophysiologic perspective to the treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Criteria
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Light Therapy
- Prescribed Timing of Sleep/Wake Periods, Activity, and Exercise
- Melatonin
- Stimulants and Sedatives
- AASM Practice Guidelines
- Irregular Sleep–Wake Disorder in Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Alzheimer disease
- Parkinson disease
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Brain tumors
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- Angelman syndrome
- Smith–Magenis syndrome
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL)
- Psychiatric disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 7 Shift work sleep disorder
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Shift Work
- Shift Work Sleep Disorder
- Recommendations and Possible Treatment
- Final Remarks
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 8 Human sleep and immunity: The role of circadian patterns
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
- Immune System
- Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and the Immune System
- Sleep and Circadian Disturbance and Inflammation
- Sleep Deprivation/Restriction Consequences
- Vaccine and Immune System
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9 Circadian pattern in restless legs syndrome
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Worsening at Rest and Circadian Variation of Symptoms: Two Faces of the Same Process?
- Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Circadian Pattern in RLS
- Dopamine
- Dopamine and melatonin
- Iron and the interaction with dopamine
- Iron and opioids
- Genetics
- Further Insights in Circadian Patterns From Neurophysiology, Imaging, and Neurophysiology Studies
- Pain and the sensory system
- Cortical excitability
- Default mode network
- Cognition
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10 Circadian rhythm disorders in the blind
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Non-24-h Sleep–Wake Rhythm Disorder
- Definition
- Pathogenesis
- History
- Epidemiology
- Clinic Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Screening Tests
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Lifestyle and sleep hygiene
- Melatonin and melatonin agonist
- Future Fields of Research
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 11 Sleep and circadian rhythms after traumatic brain injury
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Definition and diagnosis
- Pathophysiology of TBI
- Changes in brain structure after TBI as assessed by neuroimaging
- Overview of the Main Sleep and Wake Disturbances After TBI
- Prevalence
- Comorbidities and risk factors
- Role of TBI severity and time postinjury
- Impact of sleep–wake disturbances
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Pleisomnia
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Sleep macro- and microarchitecture after TBI
- Circadian rhythm disturbances after TBI
- Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy and sleep hygiene education
- Light therapy
- Pharmacologic interventions
- Early screening and individualized approach
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 12 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, orexin, and sleep–wake cycle: The link with the neurodegeneration
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis of OSAS
- The Sleep–Wake Circadian Rhythm in OSAS
- Dysregulation of the circadian sleep–wake rhythm
- Biomarkers of Sleep–Wake Cycle in OSAS
- Melatonin
- Orexin
- The Connection Between OSAS and Neurodegeneration
- Orexin and β-amyloid in OSAS: Neurodegeneration
- Orexin and sleep–wake cycle in OSAS—Neurodegeneration
- Antagonism of orexin receptors in OSAS and its link to neurodegeneration
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 13 Circadian aspects in nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of insomnia
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Circadian Factors Associated with Insomnia Disorder
- Circadian Factors and the 3P Model of Insomnia
- Circadian Factors Influencing the Clinical Presentation of Insomnia
- Clinical Presentation of Insomnia: Effects of Comorbidity With Circadian Rhythm Disorders
- Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep-onset insomnia
- Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep maintenance insomnia
- Circadian rhythm disorders and early morning insomnia
- Circadian Aspects of Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Options Recommended for Managing Insomnia
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
- GABAA receptors agonists
- Hypnotic benzodiazepines
- Z-drugs
- Agonists of melatonin receptors
- Dual orexin receptor antagonists
- Applying Circadian Interventions Adjunctive to Insomnia Treatment
- Bright Light Exposure
- Bright Light Therapy for Sleep-Onset Insomnia
- Bright Light Therapy for Early Morning Awakening Insomnia
- Strategically Timed Dim Light and Blue-Blocking Glasses
- Exogenous Melatonin
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14 Chronobiologic treatments for mood disorders
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Light Therapy
- Clinical introduction
- Time and duration of administration
- Dawn simulation therapy
- Mechanisms of action of light therapy
- Sleep Deprivation
- Neurobiologic mechanisms
- Clinical aspects
- Early relapse and augmentation interventions
- Brain imaging of sleep deprivation
- Sleep Phase Advance Therapy
- Triple Chronotherapy
- Dark Therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 15 Sleep and circadian dysfunction in Parkinson disease: New perspective and opportunities for treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Sleep Disorders
- Insomnia
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
- Restless legs syndrome
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Circadian Dysfunction
- Manifestation of abnormal biologic rhythm
- Possible treatment approaches related to circadian rhythm
- Aspects to be clarified
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 16 Sleep–wake modulation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: Suggestions for postponement and treatment
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Introduction
- Sleep–wake disturbances are an early event in AD
- Sleep–wake rhythm disorder contributes to impaired cognition and related functions in AD
- Sleep–wake rhythm disturbance increases the risk of AD
- Neurobiologic Systems Involved in Sleep–Wake Modulation in AD
- Role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in AD circadian rhythm disruption
- Role of the pineal gland in sleep–wake modulation in AD
- Astrocytes regulate the sleep–wake cycle in AD
- ApoE-ɛ4 allele as a risk gene in AD sleep–wake disorders
- Clinical Challenges: The Prevention and Treatment of Sleep–Wake Disorders
- Diagnostic potential in AD: Salivary melatonin levels
- AD therapeutic opportunities
- Prevention of sleep disorders
- Conclusions
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 305
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 206
- Published: January 24, 2025
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323909181
- eBook ISBN: 9780323909198
LF
Luigi Ferini-Strambi
Luigi Ferini-Strambi is head physician and director of the Sleep Disorders Center at IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and full professor of Neurology at Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, in Milan. He has been President of the Italian Association of Sleep Medicine and the World Association of Sleep Medicine, and Secretary of the International RBD Study Group. He has published more than 500 full papers in International Journals, and several book chapters on various neurological topics (Scopus H-index: 81; Google Scholar Citations Index: 99).
CC
Christian Cajochen
Professor Christian Cajochen leads the Centre for Chronobiology at the University of Basel. He obtained his PhD in Natural Sciences from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich, followed by a three-year postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard Medical School in Boston, USA. Professor Cajochen has served as President of the Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms (SLTBR) and currently serves as Co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Clocks and Sleep”.
His research primarily focuses on the effects of light on human cognition, circadian rhythms, and sleep, including circadian disturbances in psychiatric disorders and age-related changes in the regulation of sleep and neurobehavioral performance. Over the course of his distinguished career, he has received numerous honors and published more than 250 original research papers and reviews.