Chemistry of the Elements
- 1st Edition - September 11, 2013
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Authors: N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 3 5 9 0 - 8
Chemistry of the Elements gives a balanced, coherent, and comprehensive account of the chemistry of the elements. Organized into 31 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on… Read more
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Chemistry of the Elements gives a balanced, coherent, and comprehensive account of the chemistry of the elements. Organized into 31 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the origin of the elements. Subsequent chapter gives a brief description of chemical periodicity and the periodic table. Then, the chemistry of the individual elements and their group relationships are discussed. This book will be useful for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in this field of interest.
Chapter 1 Origin of the Elements. Isotopes and Atomic Weights
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Origin of the Universe
1.3 Stellar Evolution and the Spectral Classes of Stars
1.4 Synthesis of the Elements
1.4.1 Hydrogen burning
1.4.2 Helium burning and carbon burning
1.4.3 The α-process
1.4.4 The e-process (equilibrium process)
1.4.5 The s- and r-processes (slow and rapid neutron absorption)
1.4.6 The p-process (proton capture)
1.4.7 The x-process
1.5 Atomic Weights
1.5.1 Uncertainty in atomic weights
1.5.2 The problem of radioactive elements
1.6 Points to Ponder
Chapter 2 Chemical Periodicity and the Periodic Table
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Electronic Structure of Atoms
2.3 Periodic Trends in Properties
2.3.1 Trends in atomic and physical properties
2.3.2 Trends in chemical properties
2.4 Prediction of New Elements and Compounds
2.5 Questions on the Periodic Table
Chapter 3 Hydrogen
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Atomic and Physical Properties of Hydrogen
3.2.1 Isotopes of hydrogen
3.2.2 Ortho- and para-hydrogen
3.2.3 Ionized forms of hydrogen
3.3 Preparation, Production, and Uses
3.3.1 Hydrogen
3.3.2 Deuterium
3.3.3 Tritium
3.4 Chemical Properties and Trends
3.4.1 Protonic acids and bases
3.5 The Hydrogen Bond
3.5.1 Influence on properties
3.5.2 Influence on structure
3.5.3 Strength of hydrogen bonds and theoretical description
3.6 Hydrides of the Elements
Chapter 4 Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, and Francium
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Elements
4.2.1 Discovery and isolation
4.2.2 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
4.2.3 Production and uses of the metals
4.2.4 Properties of the alkali metals
4.2.5 Chemical reactivity and trends
4.2.6 Solutions in liquid ammonia and other solvents
4.3 Compounds
4.3.1 Introduction: the ionic-bond model
4.3.2 Halides and hydrides
4.3.3 Oxides, peroxides, Superoxides, and suboxides
4.3.4 Hydroxides
4.3.5 Oxoacid salts and other compounds
4.3.6 Complexes, crowns, and crypts
4.3.7 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 5 Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Elements
5.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
5.2.2 Production and uses of the metals
5.2.3 Properties of the elements
5.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
5.3 Compounds
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Hydrides and halides
5.3.3 Oxides and hydroxides
5.3.4 Oxoacid salts and coordination complexes
5.3.5 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 6 Boron
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Boron
6.2.1 Isolation and purification of the element
6.2.2 Structure of crystalline boron
6.2.3 Atomic and physical properties of boron
6.2.4 Chemical properties
6.3 Borides
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Preparation and stoichiometry
6.3.3 Structures of borides
6.4 Boranes (Boron Hydrides)
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Structure, bonding, and topology
6.4.3 Properties of boranes
6.4.4 Chemistry of diborane, B2H6
6.4.5 Chemistry of nido-pentaborane, B5H9
6.4.6 Chemistry of nido-decaborane, B10H14
6.4.7 Chemistry of closo-BnHn2-
6.5 Carboranes
6.6 Metallocarboranes
6.7 Boron Halides
6.7.1 Boron trihalides
6.7.2 Lower halides of boron
6.8 Boron-Oxygen Compounds
6.8.1 Boron oxides and oxoacids
6.8.2 Borates
6.8.3 Organic compounds containing boron-oxygen bonds
6.9 Boron-Nitrogen Compounds
6.10 Other Compounds of Boron
Chapter 7 Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Elements
7.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
7.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
7.2.3 Properties of the elements
7.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
7.3 Compounds
7.3.1 Hydrides and related complexes
7.3.2 Halides and halide complexes
7.3.3 Oxides and hydroxides
7.3.4 Ternary and more complex oxide phases
7.3.5 Other inorganic compounds
7.3.6 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 8 Carbon
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Carbon
8.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
8.2.2 Allotropie forms
8.2.3 Atomic and physical properties
8.2.4 Chemical properties
8.3 Graphite Intercalation Compounds
8.4 Carbides
8.5 Hydrides, Halides, and Oxohalides
8.6 Oxides and Carbonates
8.7 Chalcogenides and Related Compounds
8.8 Cyanides and Other Carbon Nitrogen Compounds
8.9 Organometallic Compounds
8.9.1 Monohapto ligands
8.9.2 Dihapto ligands
8.9.3 Trihapto ligands
8.9.4 Tetrahapto ligands
8.9.5 Pentahapto ligands
8.9.6 Hexahapto ligands
8.9.7 Heptahapto and octahapto ligands
Chapter 9 Silicon
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Silicon
9.2.1 Occurrence and distribution
9.2.2 Isolation, production, and industrial uses
9.2.3 Atomic and physical properties
9.2.4 Chemical properties
9.3 Compounds
9.3.1 Suicides
9.3.2 Silicon hydrides (silanes)
9.3.3 Silicon halides and related complexes
9.3.4 Silica and silicic acids
9.3.5 Silicate minerals
9.3.6 Other inorganic compounds of silicon
9.3.7 Organosilicon compounds and silicones
Chapter 10 Germanium, Tin, and Lead
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Elements
10.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
10.2.2 Production and uses of the elements
10.2.3 Properties of the elements
10.2.4 Chemical reactivity and group trends
10.3 Compounds
10.3.1 Hydrides and hydrohalides
10.3.2 Halides and related complexes
10.3.3 Oxides and hydroxides
10.3.4 Derivatives of oxoacids
10.3.5 Other inorganic compounds
10.3.6 Metal metal bonds and clusters
10.3.7 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 11 Nitrogen
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Element
11.2.1 Abundance and distribution
11.2.2 Purification and uses of nitrogen
11.2.3 Atomic and physical properties
11.2.4 Chemical reactivity
11.3 Compounds
11.3.1 Nitrides, azides, and nitrido complexes
11.3.2 Ammonia and ammonium salts
11.3.3 Other hydrides of nitrogen
11.3.4 Thermodynamic relations between N-containing species
11.3.5 Nitrogen halides and related compounds
11.3.6 Oxides of nitrogen
11.3.7 Oxoacids, oxoanions, and oxoacid salts of nitrogen
Chapter 12 Phosphorus
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Element
12.2.1 Abundance and distribution
12.2.2 Production and uses of elemental phosphorus
12.2.3 Allotropes of phosphorus
12.2.4 Atomic and physical properties
12.2.5 Chemical reactivity
12.3 Compounds
12.3.1 Phosphides
12.3.2 Phosphine and related compounds
12.3.3 Phosphorus halides
12.3.4 Oxohalides and thiohalides of phosphorus
12.3.5 Phosphorus oxides, sulfides, and oxosulfides
12.3.6 Oxoacids of phosphorus and their salts
12.3.7 Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds
12.3.8 Organophosphorus compounds
Chapter 13 Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Elements
13.2.1 Abundance, distribution, and extraction
13.2.2 Atomic and physical properties
13.2.3 Chemical reactivity and group trends
13.3 Compounds of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
13.3.1 Intermetallic compounds and alloys
13.3.2 Hydrides of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth
13.3.3 Halides and related complexes
13.3.4 Oxides and oxo compounds
13.3.5 Sulfides and related compounds
13.3.6 Metal-metal bonds and clusters
13.3.7 Other inorganic compounds
13.3.8 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 14 Oxygen
14.1 The Element
14.1.1 Introduction
14.1.2 Occurrence
14.1.3 Preparation
14.1.4 Atomic and physical properties
14.1.5 Other forms of oxygen
14.1.6 Chemical properties of dioxygen, O2
14.2 Compounds of Oxygen
14.2.1 Coordination chemistry: dioxygen as a ligand
14.2.2 Water
14.2.3 Hydrogen peroxide
14.2.4 Oxygen fluorides
14.2.5 Oxides
Chapter 15 Sulfur
15.1 The Element
15.1.1 Introduction
15.1.2 Abundance and distribution
15.1.3 Production and uses of elemental sulfur
15.1.4 Allotropes of sulfur
15.1.5 Atomic and physical properties
15.1.6 Chemical reactivity
15.2 Compounds of Sulfur
15.2.1 Sulfides of the metallic elements
15.2.2 Hydrides of sulfur (sulfanes)
15.2.3 Halides of sulfur
15.2.4 Oxohalides of sulfur
15.2.5 Oxides of sulfur
15.2.6 Oxoacids of sulfur
15.2.7 Sulfur-nitrogen compounds
Chapter 16 Selenium, Tellurium, and Polonium
16.1 The Elements
16.1.1 Introduction: history, abundance, distribution
16.1.2 Production and uses of the elements
16.1.3 Allotropy
16.1.4 Atomic and physical properties
16.1.5 Chemical reactivity and trends
16.1.6 Polyatomic cations, Mxn+
16.2 Compounds of Selenium, Tellurium, and Polonium
16.2.1 Selenides, tellurides, and polonides
16.2.2 Hydrides
16.2.3 Halides
16.2.4 Oxohalides and pseudohalides
16.2.5 Oxides
16.2.6 Hydroxides and oxoacids
16.2.7 Other inorganic compounds
16.2.8 Organo-compounds
Chapter 17 The Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine
17.1 The Elements
17.1.1 Introduction
17.1.2 Abundance and distribution
17.1.3 Production and uses of the elements
17.1.4 Atomic and physical properties
17.1.5 Chemical reactivity and trends
17.2 Compounds of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine
17.2.1 Hydrogen halides, HX
17.2.2 Halides of the elements
17.2.3 Interhalogen compounds
17.2.4 Polyhalide anions
17.2.5 Polyhalonium cations, XY2n+
17.2.6 Halogen cations
17.2.7 Oxides of chlorine, bromine, and iodine
17.2.8 Oxoacids and oxoacid salts
17.2.9 Halogen oxide fluorides and related compounds
17.2.10 Halogen derivatives of oxoacids
17.3 The Chemistry of Astatine
Chapter 18 The Noble Gases: Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon
18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Elements
18.2.1 Distribution, production, and uses
18.2.2 Atomic and physical properties of the elements
18.3 Chemistry of the Noble Gases
18.3.1 Clathrates
18.3.2 Compounds of xenon
18.3.3 Compounds of other noble gases
Chapter 19 Coordination Compounds
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Types of Ligand
19.3 Stability of Coordination Compounds
19.4 The Various Coordination Numbers
19.5 Isomerism
19.6 The Coordinate Bond
19.7 Crystal Field Theory
19.8 Colours of Complexes
19.9 Thermodynamic Effects of Crystal Field Splitting
19.10 Magnetic Properties
19.11 Ligand Field Theory
19.12 Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 20 Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, and Actinium
20.1 Introduction
20.2 The Elements
20.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
20.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
20.2.3 Properties of the elements
20.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
20.3 Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, and Actinium
20.3.1 Simple compounds
20.3.2 Complexes
20.3.3 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 21 Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium
21.1 Introduction
21.2 The Elements
21.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
21.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
21.2.3 Properties of the elements
21.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
21.3 Compounds of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium
21.3.1 Oxides and sulfides
21.3.2 Mixed, or complex, oxides
21.3.3 Halides
21.3.4 Compounds with oxoanions
21.3.5 Complexes
21.3.6 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 22 Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum
22.1 Introduction
22.2 The Elements
22.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
22.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
22.2.3 Atomic and physical properties of the elements
22.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
22.3 Compounds of Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum
22.3.1 Oxides
22.3.2 Isopolymetallates
22.3.3 Sulfides, selenides, and tellurides
22.3.4 Halides and oxohalides
22.3.5 Compounds with oxoanions
22.3.6 Complexes
22.3.7 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 23 Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten
23.1 Introduction
23.2 The Elements
23.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
23.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
23.2.3 Properties of the elements
23.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
23.3 Compounds of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten
23.3.1 Oxides of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten
23.3.2 Isopolymetallates
23.3.3 Heteropolymetallates
23.3.4 Tungsten and molybdenum bronzes
23.3.5 Sulfides, selenides, and tellurides
23.3.6 Halides and oxohalides
23.3.7 Complexes of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten
23.3.8 Biological activity and nitrogen fixation
23.3.9 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 24 Manganese, Technetium, and Rhenium
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The Elements
24.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
24.2.2 Preparation and uses of the metals
24.2.3 Properties of the elements
24.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
24.3 Compounds of Manganese, Technetium, and Rhenium
24.3.1 Oxides and chalcogenides
24.3.2 Oxoanions
24.3.3 Halides and oxohalides
24.3.4 Complexes of manganese, technetium, and rhenium
24.3.5 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 25 Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium
25.1 Introduction
25.2 The Elements
25.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
25.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
25.2.3 Properties of the elements
25.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
25.3 Compounds of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium
25.3.1 Oxides and other chalcogenides
25.3.2 Mixed metal oxides and oxoanions
25.3.3 Halides and oxohalides
25.3.4 Complexes
25.3.5 The biochemistry of iron
25.3.6 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 26 Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The Elements
26.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
26.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
26.2.3 Properties of the elements
26.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
26.3 Compounds of Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium
26.3.1 Oxides and sulfides
26.3.2 Halides
26.3.3 Complexes
26.3.4 The biochemistry of cobalt
26.3.5 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 27 Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum
27.1 Introduction
27.2 The Elements
27.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
27.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
27.2.3 Properties of the elements
27.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
27.3 Compounds of Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum
27.3.1 The Pd/H2 system
27.3.2 Oxides and chalcogenides
27.3.3 Halides
27.3.4 Complexes
27.3.5 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 28 Copper, Silver, and Gold
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The Elements
28.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
28.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
28.2.3 Atomic and physical properties of the elements
28.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
28.3 Compounds of Copper, Silver, and Gold
28.3.1 Oxides and sulfides
28.3.2 Halides
28.3.3 Photography
28.3.4 Complexes
28.3.5 Biochemistry of copper
28.3.6 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 29 Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury
29.1 Introduction
29.2 The Elements
29.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
29.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
29.2.3 Properties of the elements
29.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
29.3 Compounds of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury
29.3.1 Oxides and chalcogenides
29.3.2 Halides
29.3.3 Mercury(I)
29.3.4 Zinc(II) and cadmium(II)
29.3.5 Mercury(II)
29.3.6 Organometallic compounds
29.3.7 Biological and environmental importance
Chapter 30 The Lanthanide Elements (Z = 58-71)
30.1 Introduction
30.2 The Elements
30.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
30.2.2 Preparation and uses
30.2.3 Properties of the elements
30.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
30.3 Compounds of the Lanthanides
30.3.1 Oxides and chalcogenides
30.3.2 Halides
30.3.3 Magnetic and spectroscopic properties
30.3.4 Complexes
30.3.5 Organometallic compounds
Chapter 31 The Actinide Elements (Z = 90-103)
31.1 Introduction
31.2 The Elements
31.2.1 Terrestrial abundance and distribution
31.2.2 Preparation and uses of the elements
31.2.3 Properties of the elements
31.2.4 Chemical reactivity and trends
31.3 Compounds of the Actinides
31.3.1 Oxides and chalcogenides
31.3.2 Mixed metal oxides
31.3.3 Halides
31.3.4 Magnetic and spectroscopic properties
31.3.5 Complexes
31.3.6 Organometallic compounds
Appendix 1 Atomic Orbitals
Appendix 2 Symmetry Elements, Symmetry Operations, and Point Groups
Appendix 3 Some Non-SI Units and Conversion Factors
Appendix 4 Abundance of Elements in Crustal Rocks
Appendix 5 Effective Ionic Radii
Appendix 6 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
Appendix 7 Nobel Prize for Physics
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 11, 2013
- Imprint: Pergamon
- Language: English
AE
A. Earnshaw
Affiliations and expertise
University of Leeds, UKRead Chemistry of the Elements on ScienceDirect