Chemistry and Methods of Enzymes

Earlier HistoryHistory Since 1931Literature of EnzymesPart One Chapter I. General Properties of Enzymes The Role Played by Enzymes Catalysis Chemical Nature of Enzymes Terminology and Classification of Enzymes Occurrence of Enzymes Synthesis of Enzymes by Living Cells Intracellular and Extracellular Enzymes Colloidal Nature and Molecular Weight Solubility Enzymes as Electrolytes Isoelectric Points of Enzymes Essential Radicals Tests for Enzymes Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions Mechanism of Enzyme Action Numerical Characterization of Enzyme Concentration Estimation of Enzyme Activity Estimation of Enzyme Purity Specific Action of Enzymes Enzyme Reversibility and Synthesis by Enzymes Zymogens and Kinases Other Activators Protectors Inactivation and Inhibition of Enzymes Adaptive vs. Constitutive Enzymes Coenzymes Relation of Vitamins to Enzymes Preparation of Enzymes Commercial Enzyme Preparations Preservation of Enzymes Purification of Enzymes Electrophoresis of Enzymes Employment of the Ultracentrifuge Tests of Purity of an Enzyme Crystalline Enzymes ReferencesPart Two Chapter II. Esterases Simple Esterases (Liver and Muscle Esterases) Cholinesterases Acetyl Esterase Cholesterol Esterase Chlorophyllase Phospholipases, Lecithinases Phospholipase A, Lecithinase A Phospholipase B, Lecithinase B Phospholipase C, Glycerophosphatase Phospholipase D, Choline Phosphatase Gastric Lipase Pancreatic Lipase Plant Lipases, Castor Bean Lipase Pectin Esterase, Pectase Sulfatases Phenol Sulfatase Glucosulfatase Chondrosulfatase Myrosulfatase Tannase Phosphatases Phosphomonoesterase I, Alkaline Phosphatase Phosphomonoesterase II Phosphomonoesterase III Pyrophomonoesterase IV; Phosphodiesterases Pyrophosphatases Phosphosphatase I Pyrophosphatase II Pyrophosphatase III Metaphosphatase Phosphoacylase Phosphoamidases Phytase Nucleotide Phosphatases Adenosinetriphosphatase, ATPase Ophio-Adenosinetriphosphatase Apyrase References Chapter III. Carbohydrases α-Glucosidase, Maltase β-Glucosidase β-Galactosidase, Lactase α-Galactosidase Trehalase β-Glucuronidase (β-Glycuronidase) β-h-Fructosidase, Saccharase Saccharase (Animal) Dextranase Amylases, Diastases Arabanase Amylo-1,6-Glucosidase Cellulase Lichenase Chitinase Glycogenase Hyaluronidase (Spreading Factor), Mucinase Inulase Lysozyme Heparinase Thioglucosidase Xylanase Pectic Enzymes Protopectinase Polygalacturonase, Pectinase Pectin Depolymerase References Chapter IV. Nucleases Depolymerizing Enzymes Ribonuclease Desoxyribonuclease Nucleotidases Nucleoside Phosphorylases, Nucleosidases References Chapter V. Nuclein Deaminases Adenase and Guanase Adenosine Deaminase Adenylic Acid Deaminase Guanosine Deaminase Guanylic Acid Deaminase Cytidine Deaminase References Chapter VI. Amidases Allantoinase and Allantoicase Arginase Canavanase Asparaginases Glutaminases Aspartase Hippuricase, Histozyme Histidase Phosphaminase Urease Benzamidase Creatinase References Chapter VII. Proteolytic Enzymes Classification of Proteolytic Enzymes Pepsin Pepsinogen Rennin, Rennet, Chymosin Trypsin and Trypsinogen Enterokinase Chymotrypsinogens and Chymotrypsins Plasma Trypsin Collagenase Keratinase Elastase Cathepsin Papain Chymopapain Ficin Bromelin and Asclepain Solanain Peptidases Peptidases as Metalloproteins Carboxypeptidase Conjugase (y-Glutamic Acid Carboxypeptidase) Aminopolypeptidase Amino Tripeptidase Prolinase Prolidase Glycylglycine Dipeptidase Glycyl-L-leucine Dipeptidase Carnosinase Leucyl peptidase D-Peptidases Dehydropeptidases References Chapter VIII. Hydrases Glyoxalase, Aldoketomutase Fumarase Enolase Aconitase Carbonic Anhydrase ReferencesPart Three Chapter IX. General Principles Wieland's Theory of Dehydrogenation Classification of Oxidizing Enzymes References Chapter X. The Iron Enzymes Catalase Peroxidases Plant Peroxidase Salivary Peroxidase Lactoperoxidase Tryptophane Peroxidase Myeloperoxidase The Cytochromes Cytochrome c Cytochromes a and b Cytochrome c Oxidase, Cytochrome a3 Cytochrome c Peroxidase References Chapter XI. The Copper Enzymes Tyrosinase (Monophenol Oxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase, Catecholase) Protyrosinase Ascorbase, Ascorbic Acid Oxidase Orthophenolase, or Sweet Potato Phenolase Dopa Oxidase Laccase, Polyphenol Oxidase References Chapter XII. Dehydrogenases Containing Coenzymes I and II Coenzyme I, Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide Coenzyme II, Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Plant) Alcohol Dehydrogenase (Animal) Aldehyde Dehydrogenase β-Hydroxybutyric Dehydrogenase Glucose Dehydrogenase (Animal) Malic Dehydrogenase Lactic Dehydrogenase (Animal) Robinson Ester Dehydrogenase Citric Dehydrogenase Isocitric Dehydrogenases α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase No. 1 Glutamic Dehydrogenase (Yeast) Glutamic Dehydrogenase (Animal) Phosphogluconic Dehydrogenase D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (Triosephosphate Dehydrogenase) Retinene Reductase Formic Dehydrogenases References Chapter XIII. The Yellow Enzymes Riboflavin Riboflavin Mononucleotide (Riboflavin Phosphate) Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide The Old Yellow Enzyme Diaphorase, Coenzyme Factor Synthetic Yellow Enzyme Haas Enzyme Xanthine Oxidase, Schardinger Enzyme, Aldehydrase D-Amino Acid Oxidase L-Amino Acid Oxidase Ophio-L-Amino Acid Oxidase Glucose Oxidase of Molds, Notatin Fumaric Hydrogenase TPN-Cytochrome c Reductase DPN-Cytochrome c Reductase Glycine Oxidase Glutathione Reductase References Chapter XIV. Miscellaneous Oxidizing Enzymes Enzymes Which Reduce Cytochrome c Succinic Dehydrogenase Lactic Dehydrogenase (Yeast) α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase No. 2 Enzymes Not Closely Linked to the Cytochromes Monamine Oxidase, Tyramine Oxidase Diamine Oxidase, Histaminase Uricase Luciferase Lipoxidase Fatty Acid Dehydrogenase Butyric Oxidase α-Hydroxyacid Oxidases Saturase Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase Choline Oxidase Cysteine Oxidases Miscellaneous Dehydrogenases ReferencesPart Four Chapter XV. Transferases Transglycosidases, Transglycosylases Amylophosphorylases Q- Enzyme, Amylo-Isomerase Levansucrase Dextransucrase Amylosucrase Amylomaltase Dextran Dextrinase Sucrose Phosphorylase Inosine Phosphorylase Transphosphorylases Phosphate Bonds Adenine Mononucleotides Phosphocarboxyl Transphosphorylases Phospho-Enol Transphosphorylase Phosphoguanidine Transphorylases Myokinase Hexokinases Other Transphosphorylases Phosphomutases Phosphoglucomutase Phosphoglyceric Mutase Transaminases Transmethylases Choline- Homocysteine Transmethylase Methionine-Guanidoacetic Transmethylase Methionine-Nicotinamide Transmethylase Methionine-Ethanolamine Transmethylase Transacetylases Coenzyme A Choline Acetylase Citrogenase Phosphotransacetylase ReferencesPart Five Chapter XVI. Desmolases Aldolase, Zymohexase Carboligases Tryptophanase Tryptophane-Synthesizing Enzyme Amino Acid Decarboxylases α-Ketocarboxylases Pyruvic Carboxylase Cocarboxylase α-Ketoglutaric Carboxylase β-Ketocarboxylases Oxalacetic Carboxylase Oxidative Decarboxylases Pyruvic Oxidases and Dehydrogenases α-Ketoglutaric Dehydrogenase Pyruvic-Malic Carboxylase (Malic Enzyme) α-Ketoglutaric-Isocitric Carboxylase 6-Phosphogluconic Carboxylase ReferencesPart Six Chapter XVII. Miscellaneous Unclassified Enzymes Rhodanese Thiaminase Penicillinase Phospho-Isomerases Phosphohexose Isomerase Phosphotriose Isomerase Phosphopentose Isomerase Other Isomerases Cysteine Desulfhydrase Homocysteine Desulfhydrase Exocystine Desulfhydrase Desulfinicase Lactic Acid Racemase References Chapter XVIII. The Role of Enzymes in Carbohydrates Metabolism and Related Biological Processes Glycolysis and Alcoholic Fermentation Aerobic Oxidation of Carbohydrates Hydrogen Transport Aerobic Carbon Dioxide Production Oxidation and Phosphorylation General References ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index