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Centrifugal Separations in Biotechnology
- 2nd Edition - March 13, 2020
- Author: Wallace Woon-Fong Leung
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 1 0 2 6 3 4 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 1 0 2 6 3 5 - 9
Centrifugal Separations in Biotechnology, Second Edition, is the only book on the market devoted to centrifugal separation in biotechnology. Key topics covered include a full intr… Read more
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Request a sales quoteCentrifugal Separations in Biotechnology, Second Edition, is the only book on the market devoted to centrifugal separation in biotechnology. Key topics covered include a full introduction to centrifugation, sedimentation and separation; detailed coverage of centrifuge types, including batch and semi-batch centrifuges, disk-stack and tubular decanter centrifuges; methods for increasing solids concentration; laboratory and pilot testing of centrifuges; selection and sizing centrifuges; scale-up of equipment, performance prediction and analysis of test results using numerical simulation.
Centrifugal Separations in Biotechnology, Second Edition, provides guidance on troubleshooting and optimizing centrifuges, and then goes on to explore the commercial applications of centrifuges in biotechnology. It gives detailed process information and data to assist in the development of particular processes from existing systems. It is of value to professionals in the chemical, bioprocess, and biotech sectors, and all those concerned with bioseparation, bioprocessing, unit-operations and process engineering.
- Provides a comprehensive guide to centrifuges, their optimal development, and their operation in the biotechnology industry
- Updated throughout based on developments in industrial applications and advances in our understanding of centrifugal separations in biotechnology
- Discusses applications for the separation of proteins, DNA, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes and other cellular elements
- Includes new sections on use of optimal polymer dosage in waste treatment, new centrifuge designs for applications in algae processing, biopharma, and more
Chemical engineers, process & mechanical engineers, bioengineering professionals, pharmaceutical chemists, process industry R & D experts
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Centrifugal Separation and Filtration 1.2.1 Sedimenting Centrifuge 1.2.2 Filtering centrifuges 1.3 Pros and Cons of Filtration versus Centrifugation 1.4 Generic Flow Sheet for Biopharmaceutical Process 1.5 Other Centrifugal Separations 1.6 Inputs and Outputs of Centrifuge 1.7 Separation Metrics 1.7.1 Protein Yield 1.7.2 Centrate Suspended Solids. 1.7.3 Throughput Rate 1.7.4 Cell Viability 1.8 Summary
2 Principles of Centrifugal Sedimentation
2.1 Introduction 2.2 Non-intuitive Phenomena 2.2.1 Pressure Distribution 2.2.2 Coriolis Effect 2.3 Intuitive Phenomena 2.3.1 Centrifugal Acceleration 2.3.2 Fluid in a Centrifuge Bowl not at Solid-Body Motion 2.3.3 Regimes of Sedimentation 2.3.4 Stokes’ Law 2.3.5 Settling with Concentrated Solids 2.4 Process Functions 2.5 Summary
3. Batch and Semi-Batch Centrifuges
3.1 Spintube 3.2 Centrifugal Filter 3.3 Ultracentrifuges 3.3.1 Analytical Ultracentrifuge 3.3.2 Preparative Ultracentrifuge 3.3.3 Centrifugal Elutriation 3.4 Tubular Centrifuge 3.4.1 General Tubular Bowl Geometry 3.4.2 Ribs and Solids Scraper 3.4.3 Plunger Cake Discharge 3.4.4 Submerged Hub 3.5 Summary
4. Disk Centrifuge
4.1 Lamella/Inclined Plate Settler 4.1.1 Inclined Plate Settler Principle 4.1.2 Complications in Inclined Plate Settler 4.2 Disk Stack Centrifuge 4.2.1 General Disk Geometry 4.2.2 Disk Angle 4.2.3 Disk Spacing 4.2.4 Process Functions of Disk Centrifuge 4.2.5 Feed Solids 4.2.6 Manual Disk Centrifuge 4.2.7 Intermittent Discharge 4.2.8 Chamber Bowl 4.2.9 Nozzle Discharge 4.2.10 Liquid Discharge 4.3 Feed Inlet and Accelerator 4.3.1 Introduction to Low Shear 4.3.2 Hydro-Hermetic Feed Design 4.3.3 Power Loss 4.3.4 Feed Acceleration Visual and Quantitative Testing 4.3.5 Improved Feed Accelerator 4.4 Other Considerations 4.5 Examples of commercial disk stack centrifuge 4.6 Summary
5 Decanter Centrifuge
5.1 Solid Bowl or Decanter centrifuge 5.2 Feed Rate 5.3 Pool Depth 5.4 Rotation Speed and G-force 5.5 Differential Speed 5.6 Sedimentation Enhancement using Chemicals 5.7 Three-Phase Separation 5.8 Cake Conveyance 5.8.1 Dry Beach 5.8.2 Hydraulic Assist 5.9 Summary
6 Commercial Applications of Centrifugation in Biotechnology
6.1 Generic Flow Sheet of Biopharmaceutical 6.2 Mammalian Cell 6.3 Yeast Processing 6.4 Hormones Processing 6.5 Insulin Production 6.6 Biotech Separation of Inclusion Bodies 6.7 Vaccines Processing 6.7.1 Concentrated Cell based Product 6.7.2 Serum Product 6.8 Enzymes Processing 6.8.1 Extracellular Enzymes 6.8.2 Intracellular Enzymes 6.9 Ethanol Production 6.10 Other Biotech Processing 6.10.1 Recovery of Coagulation Factors from Blood Plasma 6.10.2 Tissue from Animal Cells 6.10.3 Lab Concentration and Buffer Exchange using centrifugal Filter 6.11 Summary
7 Concentrating Solids by Centrifugation
7.1 Introduction 7.2 Concentrating underflow 7.3 Compaction 7.4 Expression or Percolation 7.5 Compaction Testing 7.6 Compaction Pressure 7.7 Recommendations for Increasing Solid Concentration in Underflow 7.8 Summary
8 Lab and Pilot Testing
8.1 Process Objectives 8.2 Solid, Liquid and Suspension Properties 8.2.1 Solids Properties 8.2.2 Mother Liquid Properties 8.2.3 Feed Slurry Properties 8.3 Bench-Scale Testing 8.3.1 Separability 8.3.2 Flocculant and Coagulant in Bench Tests 8.3.3 Test Variables 8.3.4 Material Balance 8.3.5 Acceleration and Deceleration Time Duration 8.3.6 Settling Velocity 8.4 Pilot Testing 8.4.1 Material Balance Consideration for Pilot/Production Scale 8.4.2 Product (Protein) Yield 8.4.3 Pilot Test Factors 8.5 Summary
9 Selection and Sizing of Centrifuges
9.1 Selection 9.1.1 Introduction 9.1.2 Tubular Centrifuge Selection 9.1.3 Disk Centrifuge Selection 9.1.4 Centrifuge Comparison 9.2 Centrifuge Sizing 9.2.1 Sizes and Rates 9.2.2 Dimensionless Le Number 9.2.3 Spintube (bottle) Centrifuge 9.2.4 Sizing for Disk Centrifuge 9.2.5 Sizing for Tubular, Chamber and Decanter Centrifuge 9.3 Feed Particle Size Distribution 9.4 Summary
10 Troubleshoot and Optimization
10.1 Troubleshooting 10.1.1 Time Scale of Occurrence 10.1.2 Mechanical or Process Problem 10.1.3 Process Problems 10.1.4 Mechanical Problem 10.2 Optimization 10.2.1 Separation Metrics 10.2.2 Monitored Variables 10.2.3 Controlled Variables 10.2.4 A Simple Optimization Scheme 10.3 Summary
11 Flow Visualization and Separation Modeling of Tubular Centrifuge
11.1 Flow Visualization 11.2 Improved Moving Layer Flow Model 11.3 Effect of Velocity Profile 11.4 Effect of Friction within the Flow Layer 11.5 Dimensionless Le Parameter 11.6 Quantitative Prediction 11.6.1 Total Solids Recovery in Cake 11.6.2 Total solids Recovery in the Centrate 11.6.3 Particle Size Distribution of Supernatant/Overflow 11.6.4 Cumulative Size Recovery 11.7 Sedimentation Tests 11.7.1 Experiments on Sedimentation in Rotating Bowl Centrifuge 11.8 Summary
12 Disk Stack Modeling
12.1 Disk Model 12.1.1 Continuous Phase 12.1.2 Dispersed Phase 12.2 Model Validation 12.3 Complications 12.4 Summary
13 Performance Projection of Centrifuges in Bioseparation
13.1 Disk Centrifuge 13.1.1 Baseline Case (400-mm Disk) 13.1.2 Effect of Fine Size Distribution (400-mm Disk) 13.1.3 Effect of G-Force (580-mm disk) 13.1.4 Effect of Efficiency h (580-mm Disk) 13.1.5 Disk Centrifuge for Yeast Processing (500-mm disk) 13.1.6 Disk Centrifuge for Inclusion Body Separation (260-mm Disk) 13.1.7 Enzymes (580-mm Disk) 13.2 Tubular Centrifuge 13.2.1 High-G Tubular (100- & 300-mm) 13.2.2 Lower-G Tubular (100- & 300-mm) 13.3 Decanter 13.4 Spintube 13.5 Strategy of Developing Drug using Numerical Simulations 13.6 Summary
14 Rotating Membrane in Bioseparation
14.1 Membrane 14.1.1 Osmotic Pressure Resistance 14.1.2 Gel Resistance 14.1.3 Membrane Fouling and Cake Formation 14.1.4 Two Scenarios of Rotational Effect on Membrane Filtration 14.2 Rotating Disk Membrane with surface parallel to the G-Force 14.2.1 Dimensionless Numbers 14.2.2 Governing Equations and Solution 14.2.3 Gel Concentration 14.2.4 Determining Diffusivity 14.2.5 Parametric Effects 14.3 Rotating Membrane with Membrane Perpendicular to the G-Force 14.3.1 Spintube Equipped with Membrane Module - Centrifugal Filter 14.3.2 Model on Swinging Bucket Equipped with UF Membrane 14.3.3 Comparing Test Results with Predictions 14.4 Summary
- No. of pages: 502
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: March 13, 2020
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780081026342
- eBook ISBN: 9780081026359
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Wallace Woon-Fong Leung
Dr. Wallace Woon-Fong Leung is a Distinguished Research Professor from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He was formerly Chair Professor of Innovative Products and Technologies (2005-2020) and founder and Director of Research Institute of Innovative Products and Technologies (2005-2011) in the same University. He has worked in filtration and separation for 45 years both in industry in the US and academia in Hong Kong from membrane filtration, sedimentation, vacuum filter, centrifugation, air filtration, and photocatalytic oxidation. He has 52 US patents, single-authored 3 books, several handbook chapters, and over 80 SCI papers. He has trained many engineers and graduated 9 PhD students. He is a fellow respectively of AICHE, ASME, AFS, HKIE, and Hong Kong Academy of Engineering Sciences. He is the Chairman of International Delegation on Filtration, 2016 – 2022, with 13 member countries worldwide and Chairman of the 9th and 13th World Filtration Congress in 2004 and 2022, respectively. He received his BSc from Cornell, and both SMME and ScD from MIT. In 2015, he has received the Frank Tiller Award for his lifetime contribution in engineering and education on filtration and separation technologies by the American Filtration and Separations Society.
Dr. Leung is also a multidisciplinary engineer, scientist, and educator with international academic and industrial experiences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he has deployed his invented nanofiber technologies in mass production of highly protective, highly breathable facemasks for the public railroad.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Research Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongRead Centrifugal Separations in Biotechnology on ScienceDirect