Cell-Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development

Preface

Part I Introduction


1 Mechanisms of Gene Activation in Early Vertebrate Development

Text

References

Part II Cell-Cell Contacts and Induction


2 Control of Granule Cell Neurogenesis and Migration in Developing Cerebellar Cortex

Introduction

Granule Cell DNA Synthesis Stimulated by Contacts among Neuronal Precursor Cells

Influence of Growth Factors on Granule Neuroblast DNA Synthesis

Duration of Proliferation by Immature Granule Cells in Vitro

Characterization of the Progeny of Granule Cell Neuroblasts in Vitro

Initiation of Neuronal Differentiation: The Neurological Mutant Mouse Weaver

Weaver EGL Cells Fail to Undergo Neuronal Differentiation in Vitro

Weaver Cells Extend Neurites when Transplanted into Reaggregates of Wild-Type Cells

Membranes from Wild-Type Cells Rescue the Weaver Defect in Neunte Outgrowth

Weaver Cells Migrate along Glial Fascicles after Transplantation into Reaggregates of Wild-Type Cells

Expression of TAG-1 and Astrotactin Increases when Weaver Cells Are Cocultured with Wild-Type Cells

Features of Migrating Granule Neurons

Molecular Components of Glia-Guided Neuronal Migration

Spatiotemporal Pattern of Expression of Astrotactin

Changing Patterns of Gene Expression Define Four Stages of Granule Neuron Differentiation

References


3 Mesoderm Induction and Pattern Formation in the Amphibian Embryo

Mesoderm Induction and the Establishment of the Basic Body Plan in Xenopus

Mesoderm Induction and the Formation of the Dorsoventral and Anteroposterior Axes

Consequences of Mesoderm Induction: The Activation of Regulatory Genes

The LIM Class of Homeobox Genes in Xenopus Development

Conclusions

References


4 Relationships between Mesoderm Induction and Formation of the Embryonic Axis in the Chick Embryo

Germ Layers and Cell Movement Patterns during Primitive Streak Formation in the Chick Embryo

Establishment of Cell Diversity: Expression of Cell-Type-Specific Markers during Primitive Streak Formation

Nature of Macromolecules Carrying the L2/HNK-1 Epitope and Their Possible Involvement in Gastrulation

Fate of HNK-l-Positive Cells

Marginal Zone: Organizer of the Early Embryo

Induction of the Primitive Streak: A Revised View

References

Part III Cell Migration and Differentiation


5 Studies of Neural Cell Lineages Using Injectable Fluorescent Tracers

Introduction

Fluorescent Dextran and Retroviral Vectors as Lineage Tracers

Cell Lineages in the Frog Eyebud

Cell Lineages in the Spinal Cord and Hindbrain of the Chick

Concluding Remarks

References


6 Axon Guidance in the Mammalian Spinal Cord

Introduction

Orientation of Commissural Axons in Response to a Floor Plate-Derived Chemoattractant

Patterning of Axons by Contact-Mediated Cues at the Floor Plate

Summary

References


7 Axon Patterning in the Visual System: Divergence of Retinal Axons to Each Side of the Brain at the Midline of the Optic Chiasm

Dye-Labeling Studies in Fixed Brain: Axon Trajectory and Growth Cone Morphology Reflect the Pattern of Divergence

Growth Cone Form as an Indicator of Behavior and Cell-Cell Interactions

Real Time Studies

Midline of the Optic Chiasm: A First Cue for Divergence

Fiber-Fiber Interactions Also Contribute to Axon Divergence

Concluding Remarks

References


8 Cellular Interactions Regulating the Formation of Terminal Arbors by Primary Motoneurons in the Zebrafish

Identified Primary Motoneurons of the Zebrafish

Pathfinding by the Primary Motoneurons

Formation of Terminal Arbors

Extension and Retraction of Projections

Regulation of Branch Extension and Retraction

Summary

References

Part IV Gradients and Diffusible Signals


9 The DVR Gene Family in Embryonic Development

Introduction

Results and Discussion

References


10 Control of Neural Cell Identity and Pattern by Notochord and Floor Plate Signals

Introduction

Induction of the Floor Plate by the Notochord

Signals from the Floor Plate and Notochord Control Cell Pattern in the Ventral Half of the Neural Tube

Influence of the Notochord and Floor Plate on Cell Differentiation in the Dorsal Neural Tube

Possible Mechanisms for the Control of Neural Cell Pattern by the Notochord and Floor Plate

References


11 Retinoids and Pattern Formation in Vertebrate Embryos

Biochemistry of Retinoids

Retinoids Induce a Homeobox Gene during Early Development of the Chick Embryo

Retinoic Acid Induces Somite-like Structures in Cranial Mesoderm

Retinoid Metabolism in Early Chick Embryos

References

Part V Pattern Formation


12 The Relationship between Krox-20 Gene Expression and the Segmentation of the Vertebrate Hindbrain

Introduction

Conserved Expression Pattern of Krox-20

Establishment of Krox-20 Expression in the Neural Epithelium

Implications for Krox-20 Function

Relationship between Krox-20 Expression and Lineage Restriction

References


13 The Effect of Retinoids on Amphibian Limb Regeneration

Introduction

Events of Limb Regeneration

Effects of Retinoids on Limb Regeneration

Conclusions

References

Part VI Transcription Factors


14 Role of Transcription Factor GATA-1 in the Differentiation of Hemopoietic Cells

Introduction

Results

Discussion and Conclusions

References


15 Expression of Hox-2 Genes and Their Relationship to Regional Diversity in the Vertebrate Head

Introduction

Conservation and Properties of the Hox Network

Hox Expression in the Branchial Arches: A Hox Code for the Head

Role of Mesoderm in Neural Plate Regionalization

Temporal Onset of Expression

Transmission of Spatial Specification to Other Parts of the Head

Areas of Reduced Crest Emigration

Mechanism of Head Segmentation

Differences in Extent of Specification in Cranial Crest

Experimental Support for the Hox Code

Conclusions

References


16 Murine Paired Box Containing Genes

Introduction

Murine Pax Gene Family

Conclusions

References


17 Gene Regulation during Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Differentiation

Expression of Immediate Early Genes

Expression of Delayed Early Genes

Expression of Late Genes

Proto-oncogenes and Neural Development and Function

Summary

References

Index