Cell Biology of the Eye

List of Contributors

Preface


1. Corneal Proteoglycans

I. Introduction

II. Composition and Structure of Corneal Proteoglycans

III. Biosynthesis of Corneal Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans

IV. Functional Aspects

References


2. Transport of Ions and Metabolites Across the Corneal Endothelium

I. Introduction

II. Corneal Structure and Function

III. Access of Metabolites

IV. Water and Ions

V. Metabolism and Enzymes

VI. Quantitative Aspects

VII. Conclusion

References


3. Growth Factors: Effect on Corneal Tissue

I. Introduction

II. The Cornea: Structure and Development

III. Various Classes of Growth Factors Involved in the Control of Proliferation of Corneal Cells

IV. Effects of Growth Factors on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Corneal Endothelial Cells in Vitro

V. The Use of Corneal Endothelial Cell Cultures in Studies on Their Differentiated Properties

VI. The Control by Growth Factors of Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts

VII. The Control of Proliferation of Corneal Epithelial Cells by Growth Factors

VIII. Conclusion

References


4. Ontogeny and Localization of the Crystallins in Eye Lens Development and Regeneration

I. Introduction: The Crystallins

II. Crystallins and Development of the Lens

III. Crystallins and Regeneration of the Lens

IV. Invertebrate Lens Proteins ("Crystallins")

V. Crystallins of the Regenerated and Re-Regenerated Lens

References


5. Transdifferentiation of Lens Cells and Its Regulation

I. Introduction

II. Definition of Key Expressions

III. Iris Epithelium as a Source of Lens Cells

IV. Pigmented Retina as a Source of Lens Cells

V. Neural Retina as a Source of Lens Cells

VI. Cornea as a Source of Lens Cells

VII. General Discussion

Addendum

References


6. Biological-Physical Basis of Lens Transparency

I. Transparency of the Lens

II. Infrastructure of the Lens

III. Biological Processes for the Maintenance of Transparency

IV. Normal Lenses

V. Age-Dependent Changes in Lens Transparency and Cataractogenesis of a Different Etiology

References


7. Control of Cell Division in the Ocular Lens, Retina, and Vitreous Humor

I. Regulation of Cell Division in the Ocular Lens

II. Regulation of Cell Proliferation in the Retina, Retinal Vessels, and Vitreous Humor

References


8. Retinoids in Ocular Tissues: Binding Proteins, Transport, and Mechanism of Action

I. Retinoid Structure

II. Retinoid Uptake

III. Retinoid Metabolism

IV. Physiological Action of Retinoids

V. Molecular Action of Retinoids

VI. Vitamin A Binding Proteins (Receptors)

VII. 7 S Binding Protein of Retina

VIII. Model of Retinoid Movement in PE and Retina

IX. Nuclear Interactions of Retinoids and Receptor Proteins

X. Model for Nuclear Interaction with Retinoids

References


9. Chromatic Organization of the Retina

I. Introduction

II. Vertebrate Cones

III. Cone Distribution

IV. Spectral Identification of Cones

V. Chromatic Organization of Vertebrate Cones

VI. Chromatic Organization of Cones and Visual Function

VII. Summary

References


10. Biosynthesis and Morphogenesis of Outer Segment Membranes in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells

I. Biosynthesis of Outer Segment Membrane Components in the RER

II. Vectorial Transport of Opsin from the Golgi Apparatus to the Apex of the Inner Segment

III. Transport of Opsin to the ROS from the Base of the Connecting Cilium

IV. Outer Segment Disk Structure and Morphogenesis

V. Circadian Control of Disk Shedding and of Rhodopsin Biosynthesis

VI. General Principles of Membrane Biosynthesis Shared by Photoreceptosr and Other Cells

References


11. Dopamine Neurons in the Retina: A New Pharmacological Model

I. Introduction

II. Background

III. Regulation of the Light-Mediated Activation of Retinal DA Neurons

IV. GABA as a Transmitter in the Inner Nuclear Layer

V. Evidence That a GABA Receptor Mechanism Affects the Activity of Retinal DA Neurons

VI. The Effect of Barbiturates on Central GABA Pathways

VII. Influence of Barbiturates on the Inhibitory Action of Muscimol on Light-Activated Retinal DA Neurons

VIII. Further Use of the Retina and Retinal DA Neurons as a Pharmacological Model

References

Index