Carotenoids: Carotenoid and Apocarotenoid Analysis

1st Edition - July 19, 2022

Editor: Eleanore T Wurtzel

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 9 7 5 - 5

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 3 0 6 - 8

Carotenoids: Carotenoid and Apocarotenoid Analysis, Volume 670, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume… Read more

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Carotenoids: Carotenoid and Apocarotenoid Analysis, Volume 670, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume covering Getting to know carotenoids, Laser capture of tissues for micro-scale carotenoid analyses, Metabolic engineering of carotenoids: procedures for metabolomic characterization, LC-MS analysis of intracellular metabolites for precursors to the carotenoid pathway, Use of E. coli to produce carotenoid standards, HPLC analysis of carotenoids from Bacteria, Purification and development of standards for carotenoid quantification in plant tissues, and much more.

Additional sections in this release cover Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Plant Apocarotenoids, Detection and analysis of novel and known volatile plant apocarotenoids, Carotenoid extraction, detection, and analysis in citrus, Strategies For The Separation And Tentative Identification Of Geometrical (Cis/Trans, Z/E) Isomers Of Carotenoids, Use of stable isotopes to study bioconversion and bioefficacy of pro-vitamin A carotenoids, Carotenoid extraction and analysis of blood plasma/serum, and more.</P>

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter One: Getting to know carotenoids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Carotenoids
3: Apocarotenoids
4: Working with carotenoids
5: Extraction
6: Quantitative analysis
7: Isolation and purification
8: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
9: Identification
10: Properties in situ
11: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Two: Purification and use of carotenoid standards to quantify cis-trans geometrical carotenoid isomers in plant tissues
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Carotenoid quantification
3: High-performance liquid chromatography
4: Preparation of standards for absolute quantification
5: Theoretical carotenoid slope coefficient
6: Comparison of theoretical, commercial, and purified standard slope coefficients designed for absolute quantification
7: Summary
8: Tips
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Three: Carotenoids: Carotenoid and apocarotenoid analysis—Use of E. coli to produce carotenoid standards
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: E. coli strains and culture conditions
3: Plasmids
4: Biosynthesized carotenoid standards
5: Preparation of carotenoid standards
6: Spectral data of carotenoid standards
References
Chapter Four: HPLC analysis of carotenoids from bacteria
Abstract
1: Introduction: Structural diversity of bacterial carotenoids
2: Optical properties of carotenoids
3: General aspects on HPLC separation and identification
4: Instruction for analysis of bacterial carotenoids by HPLC
5: Quantification
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter Five: Metabolomic approaches for the characterization of carotenoid metabolic engineering in planta
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Experimental design and approach
3: Targeted metabolite profiling of carotenoids and other isoprenoids
4: Untargeted LC-HRMS analysis of the metabolome
5: Metabolite profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)
6: Analysis of volatile compounds using solid phase matrix extraction (SPME) GC–MS
7: Data integration and visualization
8: Summary and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Six: Carotenoid extraction, detection, and analysis in citrus
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials
3: Carotenoid extraction, detection, and analysis with HPLC
4: Carotenoid extraction, detection, and analysis with UHPLC-HRMS/MS
5: Summary
6: Notes
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter Seven: Laser capture of tomato pericarp tissues for microscale carotenoid analysis by supercritical fluid chromatography
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials, equipment, and reagents
3: Protocols
4: Results
5: Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Eight: Analysing intracellular isoprenoid metabolites in diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
3: Escherichia coli
4: Microalgae: Diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
5: Cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803)
6: Analytical approaches (LC/MS)
References
Chapter Nine: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plant apocarotenoids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials
3: Methods
4: Notes
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Ten: Detection and analysis of novel and known plant volatile apocarotenoids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: What is HS-SPME-GC/MS?
3: Experimental design: Key study questions
4: Materials
5: Optimized method
6: Example of method application
7: Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Eleven: Analysis of geometrical isomers of dietary carotenoids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Basic structure of carotenoids
3: Presence of Z isomers of carotenoids in foods, animal and human samples
4: Producing carotenoid geometrical isomers
5: Separation of geometrical isomers of carotenoids
6: Identification
7: Quantification
8: Methods
9: Research needs
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Twelve: Use of stable isotopes to study bioconversion and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Study design and materials
3: Administration of stable isotopes to human subjects
4: LC-MS/MS analysis of serum/plasma
5: Carotenoid bioavailability, bioconversion and bioefficacy data analysis and interpretation
6: Summary and future work
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Thirteen: Carotenoid extraction and analysis from blood plasma/serum
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Common sources of carotenoid intake for humans
3: Significance and behavior of carotenoids in vivo
4: Carotenoid extraction
5: Carotenoid analysis
6: Protocol for extraction and analysis of carotenoids from human plasma (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene) by HPLC-DAD
7: Summary/concluding remarks
References
Chapter Fourteen: Methods for extracting and analyzing carotenoids from bird feathers
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Experimental comparison of common feather-carotenoid extraction and saponification methods
3: Recommendations for feather extraction, processing and analysis
4: Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Fifteen: Analysis of plant-derived carotenoids in camouflaging stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea)
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Protocol
3: Example of protocol results
4: Summary
Acknowledgments
References

Eleanore T Wurtzel

As a Ph.D student, Eleanore Wurtzel innovated gene tagging and isolated the first genes for two-component signaling in bacteria, laying the foundation for study of signaling mechanisms found throughout nature, including plants. With an NSF postdoctoral fellowship, Dr. Wurtzel boldly changed fields from bacterial membrane biochemistry to plant biology, when maize was the only model system. She established some of the first experiments on plant chromatin structure as an NSF Plant Biology postdoctoral fellow at Brookhaven National Laboratory. She then joined Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and began research on maize carotenoid biosynthesis, then a poorly studied area. Dr. Wurtzel next joined the Biological Sciences Department at Lehman College, City University of New York, where she is currently a Full Professor and on the faculty of the CUNY Biology and Biochemistry PhD programs. Eleanore Wurtzel has made fundamental and longstanding contributions to the field of plant carotenoid biosynthesis, plant biochemistry, and plant metabolic engineering which are enabling improvement of crops for sustainable solutions to global vitamin A deficiency affecting the health and mortality of 250 million children worldwide. Dr. Wurtzel is grateful to the many students, postdocs, and visiting scientists who have contributed to her laboratory’s research for which she has been recognized as a Fellow of AAAS, Fellow of ASPB, and most recently as a Fellow of the International Carotenoid Society. Dr. Wurtzel serves as a Monitoring Editor of Plant Physiology. Dr. Wurtzel has also been a long-standing elected member of the Gordon Research Conferences (GRC) Board of Trustees. She has been instrumental at GRC in developing and contributing to programs for women in science. She also founded and chaired the first GRC on Plant Metabolic Engineering and founded the GRC seminar for early career scientists for both the GRC Plant Metabolic Engineering community and the GRC Carotenoids community.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA