Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics

formerly Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems

5th Edition - June 7, 2016
Editors: Eleanor Main, Linda Denehy
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 4 7 3 1 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 7 0 2 0 - 4 9 5 2 - 1

The fifth edition of this seminal textbook continues to provide those who are studying or are in practice with comprehensive evidence-based coverage of all the main aspects of re… Read more

Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics

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The fifth edition of this seminal textbook continues to provide those who are studying or are in practice with comprehensive evidence-based coverage of all the main aspects of respiratory and cardiac physiotherapy throughout the whole lifespan – neonates, infants, children, adolescents and adults – with the patient at centre and advocating a problem-based approach.

For the new edition, Jennifer Pryor and Ammani Prasad hand the baton of editorship and their lasting legacy over to Eleanor Main and Linda Denehy. With a team of over 60 international expert authors, the new editors have incorporated major changes reflecting current cardiorespiratory physiotherapy education and practice. These changes are heralded by a new title – Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics (formerly Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics) – and a significant restructure of the content with a new set of chapters.

A new key chapter on anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system lays the foundation which is then followed by a chapter on clinical assessment of adults, infants and children, and acutely ill or deteriorating patients. Additional new content includes a chapter on outcome measurement in practice and a large chapter describing rehabilitation in acute and chronic conditions in special populations including spinal cord injury, oncology, trauma and paediatrics. The chapter on therapeutic interventions is comprehensive and reflective of evidence based practice.

Cover image
Title Page
Table of Contents
Dedication
Copyright
Foreword
About the Editors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory and Cardiac Systems
Introduction to Respiration
Upper Respiratory Tract
The Bronchial Tree
The Lungs and Pleurae
Surface Markings of the Lungs
The Thoracic Cage
Muscles of Respiration
Respiratory Mechanics
Mucociliary Transport System
Collateral Ventilation
Airways Resistance
Respiratory Compliance
Control of Breathing
Lung Volumes & Ventilation
Gas Exchange
The Effect of Growth and Ageing on Respiration
Respiratory System: Anatomical and Physiological Differences between Children and Adults
Introduction to Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
References and Further Reading
2 Clinical Assessment
Introduction
Information Gathering
Subjective Assessment
Objective Assessment
Using the Information from Clinical Assessment
Documentation
Evaluating Outcome
Conclusion
Introduction
Medical Notes
Communication
Physical Examination
Clinical Signs
Other Relevant Observations
Introduction
Background
Assessment Technique
Actions and Communication
Conclusion
References
3 Thoracic Imaging
Chest Radiography and Other Techniques
The Normal Chest
Common Radiological Signs
Specific Conditions
Introduction
Issues Particular to Paediatric Imaging
Modalities in Paediatric Chest Imaging
Basic Signs on the Plain Chest Radiograph
Paediatric Chest Problems
Acknowledgements
References and Further Reading
4 Cardiac and Cardiovascular Diseases
Introduction
Ischaemic Heart Disease
Cardiac Valve Disease
Cardiomyopathy
Pericardial Disease
Heart Failure
Cardiac Arrhythmias
GROWN-UP Congenital Heart Disease
Aortic Disease
Peripheral Artery Disease
Venous Thromboembolism
References
5 Respiratory Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Bronchiectasis
Cystic Fibrosis
Interstitial Lung Disease
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Asthma
Dysfunctional Breathing
References
6 Outcome Measurement in Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Practice
Introduction
International Classification of Functioning Framework
Selection of an Outcome Measure
Measurement of Impairment at Body Structure/Functions Level
Measurement of Activity Limitations
Measurement of Participation Restriction
References
7 Physiotherapy Interventions
Traditional and Manual Airway Clearance Techniques
Independently Performed Airway Clearance Techniques
Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Airway Clearance
Adjunctive Techniques
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
Non-Invasive Ventilation
Incentive Spirometry
Manual and Ventilator Hyperinflation
Glossopharyngeal Breathing
Positioning and Mobilization
Oxygen Therapy
Hypertonic Saline
Mannitol
Dornase Alpha
Bronchodilators
Structuring an Airway Clearance Session
Differences between Shortness of Breath and Dyspnoea
Mechanisms Underpinning Dyspnoea
Assessment of Dyspnoea
Management Strategies for Dyspnoea
Inspiratory Muscle Training
Breathing Control
Manual Therapy Techniques for Musculoskeletal Dysfunction
Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration
References
8 Optimizing Engagement and Adherence with Therapeutic Interventions
Introduction
Impact of Diagnosis
Living with Cardiorespiratory Illness
Engagement with Medical Teams
Conclusion
References
9 Adult Intensive Care
Introduction
Monitoring and Mechanical Support
Problem Identification and Physiotherapeutic Interventions in ICU
Physiotherapy Management of Work of Breathing and Concepts of Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
Conclusion
References
10 Paediatric Intensive Care
Introduction
Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Failure in Children
Indications for Supportive Respiratory Therapy
Mechanical Ventilation
Newer Ventilatory Support Techniques
Ventilation Strategies for Specific Disease
Other Considerations During Mechanical Ventilation
Level of Perinatal Care
Reasons for Admission to NICU
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheo-Oesophageal Fistula
Gastroschisis and Exomphalos (Omphalocoele)
Pulmonary Conditions
Treatments Available for Respiratory Conditions in the NICU
General Paediatric Intensive Care
Common Reasons for PICU Admission
Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care
References
11 Upper Abdominal and Cardiothoracic Surgery for Adults
Introduction
Preoperative Physiotherapy and Prehabilitation
The Surgical Process
Types of Surgery
Special Considerations Following Surgery
Acknowledgements
Appendix
References
12 Physical Activity and Rehabilitation
Physical Activity Versus Physical Fitness
Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Health
Strategies to Improve and Maintain Physical Fitness
Introduction
Aims of Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Exercise Prescription
The Training Programme
Education and Self-Efficacy
Timing of Rehabilitation
Non-COPD Populations
Practical Aspects of Training
Long-Term Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation – Is Benefit Maintained?
Conclusions
Introduction
Cardiac Rehabilitation – Past, Present and Future Directions
Benefits of Exercise Training
Recommended Levels of Physical Activity and Exercise
Exercise Prescription
Programme Implementation
Conclusion
References
13 Cardiorespiratory Management of Special Populations
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Respiration
Respiratory Assessment
Physiotherapy Treatment
Long-Term Respiratory Management
Conclusion
Introduction
History
Selection of Candidates
Indications for Transplantation
Contraindications to Transplantation
Assessment
Surgical Procedures
Key Concepts
Preoperative Rehabilitation
Postoperative Management
Outpatient Rehabilitation
Exercise Limitation and Function Post Transplant
Long-Term Management
Specific Considerations for Paediatric Patients
Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Causes and Mechanisms of Injury
Complications Related to Traumatic Injury
Medical and Surgical Management of Patients with Traumatic Injury
Physiotherapy Intervention for the Trauma Patient
Quality of Life after Traumatic Injury
Conclusion
Introduction
Rehabilitation in Special Paediatric Populations
Cystic Fibrosis
Asthma
Other Respiratory Conditions
Obesity
Heart Disease
Exercise Prescription
Introduction
Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention
Medical Treatment of Cancer and the Associated Side Effects
Lack of Physical Activity after a Diagnosis of Cancer
Physical Activity Guidelines for People Living with Cancer
The Role of Exercise Training in the Management of Cancer
Delivery and Timing of Exercise Training for Individuals with Cancer
Evaluation of Exercise Training for Individuals with Cancer
Exercise Prescription for Individuals with Cancer
Monitoring during Exercise for Individuals with Cancer
Strategies for Adherence to Increased Physical Activity for Individuals with Cancer
Definition and Mechanisms of Muscle Weakness in ICU
Patients Who Are Unconscious/Sedated
Conscious and Stable Patients
Neurocognitive Interventions
Resources
Summary
References
Appendix Normal Values, Conversion Table and Abbreviations
Normal Values
Conversion Table
Abbreviations
Index

Eleanor Main

Eleanor Main has been involved with clinical physiotherapy, teaching and research at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Institute of Child Health in University College London for almost 24 years. She qualified as a physiotherapist at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa (1988) and worked as a paediatric physiotherapist at both the Red Cross Children’s Hospital in Cape Town and then Great Ormond Street Hospital. She completed a BA (English and Psychology) at UNISA in South Africa (1991), an MSc in research methods from King’s College, London (1995) and a PhD in paediatric respiratory physiology from University College London (2001).

She was appointed as Lecturer in Children's Physiotherapy Research at UCL in 2001, promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2007 and to Professor of Physiotherapy in 2015. She has been programme director for the UCL postgraduate Certificate, Diploma and MSc in Physiotherapy at UCL since 2005, and has supervised five PhD students and 79 MSc project dissertations to date. In 2011 she was awarded a Fellowship of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy in London for her ‘significant contribution to education, teaching and learning in the field of cardiorespiratory and paediatric physiotherapy’. Eleanor’s primary research interests relate to outcome measurement and clinical efficacy studies in physiotherapy. This research, resulting in more than 80 peer-reviewed publications, and attracting over £2 million in project grant funding so far, has resulted in substantive advances in the understanding of assessment and treatment of children who require physiotherapy.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Physiotherapy & Director of UCL Postgraduate Physiotherapy Programme, UCL School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK

Linda Denehy

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Head, Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

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