Capute and Accardo's Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood

4th Edition - November 26, 2024
Editors: Fatima Y Ismail, Pasquale J. Accardo, Bruce K Shapiro
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 0 6 0 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 3 0 - 0

Capute and Accardo’s Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood, Fourth Edition provides updated foundational, theoretical, and practical knowledge on the spectr… Read more

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Capute and Accardo’s Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood, Fourth Edition provides updated foundational, theoretical, and practical knowledge on the spectrum and continuum of neurodevelopmental disabilities shaped by ongoing advances in neuroscience and related disciplines. It reviews the over-arching principles of assessment, diagnosis, and management of patients with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Streamlined or fully rewritten chapters, including developmental screening and surveillance, neuroimaging and genetic evaluation, early intervention, principles of pharmacological treatment, principles of successful management programs, aging and transition planning, telemedicine and care in low-resource settings are included.

The book's practical, expert-led approach aims to prepare future clinicians to skillfully assess and manage children with neurodevelopmental disabilities with the aid of clinical approach flowcharts to common presentations, diagnostic algorithms and clinic notes templates.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Preface
Section I: Neurodevelopmental disorders
Chapter 1. The evolution of neurodevelopmental disabilities: an updated view of the spectrum
Abstract
Introduction
Assumptions that underpin the construct
Diagnosis by function
Spectra of neurodevelopmental disabilities
The impact of neurodevelopmental disabilities
Neurodevelopmental disabilities continues to evolve
References
Chapter 2. Patterns of typical and atypical neurodevelopment
Abstract
Introduction
An historical perspective on the study of child development
Developmental milestones and typical development
Typical developmental trajectories
Streams of neurodevelopment
The developmental quotient
Clinical application of developmental milestones
Patterns of atypical neurodevelopment
Classic examples of atypical neurodevelopment
Atypical neurodevelopment and developmental diagnoses
The spectrum and continuum of neurodevelopmental disabilities in context
Conceptualizing patterns of atypical neurodevelopment
Diagnosing atypical neurodevelopment
References
Chapter 3. Biological basis of neurodevelopmental disabilities
Abstract
Introduction
Development of the central nervous system
Timing of disruption
Mechanisms of disruption
Response to injury
Clinical outcomes following disruption to neurodevelopment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Epigenetics in neurodevelopmental disabilities
Abstract
Introduction
Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery
The future of epigenetic therapies for neurodevelopmental disabilities
References
Chapter 5. Neuroplasticity in neurodevelopmental disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms of plasticity in the developing brain
The concepts of critical and sensitive periods
Plasticity in the developing brain: clinical implications
Toward a plasticity-informed approach in neurodevelopmental disorders
Concluding remarks
References
Section II: The developmental evaluation and diagnosis
Chapter 6. Developmental surveillance and screening
Abstract
Introduction
The screening process: from primary care to specialty care and treatment
Identification in the medical home
From developmental surveillance and screening to comprehensive evaluation and referral
Other considerations in screening, identification, and management
Summary
References
Chapter 7. Developmental history
Abstract
Introduction
Birth history and early infancy
Medical history
Feeding and sleep
Streams of development
Motor
Language
Nonverbal problem-solving
Self-help
Socialization
Attention
Learning
Emotional history
Atypical behaviors
Sensory issues
Family history
Telemedicine
Conclusion
Chapter 8. The physical evaluation
Abstract
Past, present, and future
Growth parameters and vital signs
Physical assessment
Mental status
Cranial nerves
Motor assessment
Sensory assessment
Reflexes
Summary
References
Chapter 9. Developmental testing for the physician
Chapter 9.1. The neuromotor evaluation
Neuromotor evaluation of the infant
Classification of motor impairment
Timing of the diagnosis
Formal motor assessments
Summary and future directions
Chapter 9.2. Language and communication assessment
The office assessment of speech
Common developmental variations of speech and language in early childhood
Disorders of speech sound production
The office assessment of language
Language assessment
Limitations of standardized assessments
Chapter 9.3. Cognitive assessment
History of cognitive assessment
The nature and purpose of cognitive assessment
Dynamic assessment
Psychometrics of cognitive assessment
Common cognitive assessment tools
Memory and attention
Limitations of cognitive testing
Chapter 9.4. Psychoeducational assessment
Special education law
Identification of learning disabilities
IQ-achievement discrepancy model
Response to intervention
Assessment tools (criterion-referenced assessment and norm-referenced assessment)
Testing accommodations
Summary
Chapter 9.5. Functional and behavioral assessment
Diagnostic and behavioral assessment
Surveillance and risk assessment
Assessment of cooccurring medical and psychiatric conditions
Assessment of psychosocial and environmental stressors
Norm referenced behavior rating scales
Assessment of the operant reinforcing function of problem behavior
Interviews and rating scales to assess operant reinforcing function
Functional assessment of problem behavior with direct observation
Functional analysis of problem behavior
Service coordination and referral to specialists
Chapter 10. The etiologic evaluation
Chapter 10.1. Neuroimaging in neurodevelopmental disabilities
Introduction
Description of imaging modalities
Clinical guidelines
Imaging findings by etiology
Neurodevelopmental disabilities imaging research
Novel approaches in neuroimaging in neurodevelopmental disabilities
Chapter 10.2. Neurophysiology
Introduction
The biology underlying electroencephalogram
The electroencephalogram setup
Report content
Electroencephalogram indications
Electroencephalogram techniques
Electroencephalogram-based biomarkers
Section III: Clinical disorders
Chapter 11. Intrauterine alcohol and drug exposure: preventable causes of intellectual and behavioral disorders
Abstract
Intrauterine alcohol exposure
Intrauterine tobacco exposure
Substance use
Intrauterine cannabis (marijuana) exposure
Intrauterine cocaine exposure
Intrauterine opiate exposure
Management of intrauterine alcohol and drug exposure
References
Chapter 12. Early brain injury
Abstract
Introduction
Brief overview of epidemiology
Signs and symptoms
Neurobiology
Etiology
Natural history
Correlation with development and functional status
Associated neurodevelopmental disabilities
References
Chapter 13. Pediatric acquired brain injury
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Abstract
Introduction
Definitions
Epilepsy and encephalopathy
Genetic underpinnings and investigations in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Etiology and treatment implications
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies—selected examples
Other childhood epilepsy syndromes
Precision medicine approaches in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Cerebral palsy
Abstract
Introduction
Background and history
Associated problems
Resources
References
Chapter 16. Developmental coordination disorder and minor neuromotor dysfunction
Abstract
Introduction
Developmental coordination disorder
Developmental dyspraxia
Benign congenital hypotonia
Summary
References
Chapter 17. Movement disorders and genetic mimics of cerebral palsy
Abstract
Introduction to childhood-onset movement disorders
Approaching pediatric movement disorders
Characterizing the phenomenology and time course
Terminology and classification
Cerebral palsy as a movement disorder in the era of genomics
Red flag symptoms for genetic mimics of cerebral palsy
Hereditary spastic paraplegia in the differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy
Other genetic conditions mimicking cerebral palsy
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome
Creatine metabolism disorders
Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome
Arginase deficiency
Biotinidase deficiency
Glut1 deficiency syndrome
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
Segawa disease (dopa-responsive dystonia)
Sepiapterin reductase deficiency
Glutaric aciduria type 1
Adenylate cyclase 5-related dyskinesia
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18. The neurodevelopmental movement disorders: tics and stereotypies
Abstract
Introduction
Stereotypies
Tics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19. Spinal cord disorders
Abstract
Epidemiology of spinal cord injury
Assessment of spinal cord injury in the pediatric population
Medical and rehabilitation management of chronic spinal cord injury
References
Chapter 20. Neuromuscular disorders
Abstract
Approach to pediatric neuromuscular disorders
Muscle disorders
Neuromuscular junction disorders
Peripheral neuropathies
Plexopathies with childhood presentations
Motor neuron disease
Systemic neuromuscular disorders
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical presentation overview and general approach
Abnormal white matter
Abnormal gray matter
Progressive volume loss/atrophy
Conclusions
References
Chapter 22. Neurometabolic disorders
Abstract
Introduction
When to suspect a metabolic disorder
Urea cycle disorders
Organic acidemias and amino acidopathies
Mitochondrial disorders
Peroxisomal disorders
Lysosomal storage disorders
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Gangliosidoses
Niemann–Pick type C disease
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease)
Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
Disorders of cholesterol metabolism
References
Chapter 23. Approach to diagnosis and management of genetic neurodevelopmental disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Approach to genetic testing
Neurogenetic disorders
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24. Intellectual and developmental disabilities
Abstract
History of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)
Definition
Etiology
Clinical manifestations
Prevention of IDD and related problems
Treatment and supportive care from birth to age 22 years
Transition to adulthood
Summary
References
Chapter 25. Specific learning disabilities
Abstract
Overview
Terminology
Multidimensional DSM-5 TR definition
Dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia
Etiology
Identification
Evaluation
Treatment
Future directions
References
Chapter 26. Speech and language disorders
Abstract
Definitions
Prevalence
Etiology and risk for speech and language disorders
Risks established by early or persistent speech sound and developmental language disorders
Associated disorders and comorbidities
Outcomes of developmental language disorders
Summary
References
Chapter 27. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Epidemiology
Signs and symptoms
Assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Neurobiology and etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Outcomes and functional impairment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associations
Management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
References
Chapter 28. Autism spectrum disorder
Abstract
Introduction
Definition and classification
Epidemiology
Etiology and pathobiology
Clinical features
Identification
Management
Outcomes
References
Chapter 29. Vision and hearing impairment
Abstract
Introduction
Vision
Hearing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 30. Systemic diseases with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities
Abstract
Introduction
Congenital heart disease
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Biliary atresia
Chronic kidney disease
Hypothyroidism and diabetes
Sickle cell disease
Achondroplasia
Neurocutaneous disorders
Primary immunodeficiencies
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Implications of anesthesia for children with systemic disease
Sociobehavioral concerns and school performance in children with chronic disease
Identification and clinical care
References
Section IV: Management of neurodevelopmental disorders
Chapter 31. Developing a management program
Abstract
Introduction
Background/foundations
Developing a neurodevelopmental disabilities management program
Implementing a neurodevelopmental disabilities management program
Monitoring
Summary
References
Chapter 32. Early Intervention
Abstract
Introduction
History of Early Intervention
The role of healthcare providers in the Early Intervention process
Access to Early Intervention services: challenges and opportunities
Conclusions
References
Chapter 33. Principles of pharmacotherapy
Abstract
Introduction
Review of principles of pharmacology
Evidence-based pharmacologic management of frequent target behaviors treated in neurodevelopmental disabilities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 34. Disruptive behaviors/self-injury in neurodevelopmental disabilities
Abstract
Description, prevalence, and course
Risk factors and sequelae
Behavior analytic approaches to assessment and treatment
Interdisciplinary approach
Education, surveillance, early identification, and coordination of care
Summary
References
Chapter 35. Sleep disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Conclusion
References
Chapter 36. Dysphagia and feeding disorders
Abstract
Overview
Epidemiology
Anatomy and innervation
Oropharyngeal musculature and innervation
Developmental aspects and maturation
Early feeding problems
Etiologies of newborn feeding difficulty
Feeding team evaluation
Special considerations in NDD associated dysphagia
Treatment considerations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 37. Mood and anxiety disorders in neurodevelopmental disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Psychiatric evaluation of individuals with NDD
Mood disorders in NDD
Anxiety disorders
Behavioral phenotypes of selected genetic syndromes and other NDDs
Summary and conclusion
References
Chapter 38. Neurorehabilitation and specific therapies
Chapter 38.1. Neurorehabilitation
Introduction
Rehabilitation in acute care
Inpatient rehabilitation
Spasticity management
Spasticity rehabilitation interventions
Pharmacological treatment
Surgical interventions
Chemical denervation
Rehabilitation therapy interventions
Orthoses
Mobility and adaptive equipment
Adjunctive interventions
Interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation
Summary
Chapter 38.2. Physical therapy
Introduction
What is pediatric physical therapy?
When to refer to physical therapy?
Physical therapy examination and its contribution in the management of infants and children with a neuromotor disability
Service delivery systems and models
Transitional periods, lifespan issues and future needs
Chapter 38.3. Occupational therapy
Introduction
Multidisciplinary care
Occupational therapy evaluations
General principles in pediatric occupational therapy treatment
Service delivery models
Seating and mobility
Transportation for children with special needs
Dosing, frequency, and scope of therapy
Red flags/when to make occupational therapy referrals
Summary
Chapter 38.4. Speech and language therapy
Speech-language therapy
Service delivery methods
Criterion for success in treatment
Bilingual and english language learner considerations
Speech production treatment
Fluency disorders
Voice treatment
Language treatment
Late language emergence
Preschool language
School-age language
Adolescent language
Written language
Chapter 38.5. Cognitive and behavioral therapy
Introduction
The cognitive behavior therapy+ model
Assessment and outcome measures
Indications and contraindications for cognitive behavior therapy
Individualization of cognitive behavior therapy
Working with parents and caregivers
Specialized applications of cognitive behavior therapy
Chapter 38.6. Circumvention and assistive technology
Introduction
Assistive technology for vision impairment
Assistive technology for hearing impairment
Assistive technology for language impairment
Assistive technology for motor impairment
Practicalities
Future directions
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 39. Surgical interventions in cerebral palsy: orthopedics and neurosurgery
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical assessment
Common clinical conditions
Treatment
Scoliosis
Neurosurgery
GLOSSARY
References
Chapter 40. Innovative therapies
Abstract
Introduction
Deep brain stimulation
Immunomodulatory therapies
Stem cell therapy
Genetic therapies
Summary
References
Chapter 41. The medical home
Abstract
Introduction
Health care spending and utilization
The medical home
Care coordination
Implementing care coordination through care planning
Barriers to effective care coordination and approaches to overcoming them
The medical neighborhood
Advantages, challenges, and limitations of the medical home
Summary
References
Chapter 42. Classroom setting
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding school options: private versus public versus charter versus home school
Ensuring appropriate classroom placement, instruction, and accommodations
Inclusion
Appropriate use of response to intervention
Use of consultation to the classroom
Grade retention
Building self esteem in students with a neurodevelopmental disability
Behavior in the classroom
Conclusion
References
Chapter 43. Transition and aging
Abstract
Preparing for adulthood: medical decision making
Addressing social determinants of health and other domains of transition to adulthood
Financial planning
Social and living arrangement transition
Transition-related adjustments
Areas for future research
Resources
References
Chapter 44. Management in low-resource settings
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding the low-resource setting
Challenges in low-resource settings
Design and implementation of interventions
References
Chapter 45. Community
Abstract
Introduction
Neurodevelopmental disability and the family unit
Out-of-home placements
Maltreatment and neurodevelopmental disability
Socialization and inclusion
Safety
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 46. Telemedicine in neurodevelopmental disorders
Abstract
Definition
History of telemedicine
Benefits and barriers to telehealth
Ethics and safety concerns
Legal and regulatory concerns
Reimbursement
Service models
New frontiers and innovation
Summary and future directions
References
Section V: Special considerations
Chapter 47. Legislative mandates
Abstract
Health care
Case study part 1
Case study part 2
Case study part 3
Advocacy
References
Chapter 48. Neuroethics: a brief overview
Abstract
Introduction
Basic concepts of bioethics
Autonomy
Decision-making capacity: issues of best versus substitute interest in informed consent
Clinical examples of issues of autonomy
Beneficence versus nonmaleficence
Clinical examples of beneficence in the context of paternalism/maternalism
Justice
Clinical examples of justice distribution issues in the neurodevelopmental disabilities population
Summary
References
Chapter 49. Neurodevelopmental disabilities: a look at the future
Abstract
Introduction
Reconceptualizing the field
Care for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities
New social forces shaping the field
Training promises, pitfalls, and opportunities
Research challenges and priorities
Summary
References
Appendices
1 Neurodevelopmental Concepts
2 Approach to common clinical presentations in neurodevelopmental disabilities
3 Clinic Templates
Index

Fatima Y Ismail

Dr. Fatima Ismail is an assistant professor of paediatric neurology and developmental medicine at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University and an adjunct assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She received her Bachelor of medicine and Bachelor of surgery (M.B.B.S.) degree from UAE University, completed paediatric residency training at the Harriet Lane program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and advanced training in the Johns Hopkins/Kennedy Krieger conjoint residency in Paediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. Dr. Ismail is a diplomate of the American Board of Paediatrics. She is a member of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), the Child Neurology Society (CNS), the American Neurological Association (ANA) and the International Child Neurology Association (ICNA). Her clinical interest is in improving the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with acute brain injury (stroke and traumatic brain injury) by implementing brain protective measures and protocols in the neonatal and paediatric intensive care units, and establishing a comprehensive multidisciplinary neuroplasticity-informed neurodevelopmental follow-up programs. Her research focus is on understanding changes in structural, functional and effective connectivity in the developing brain as a function of maturation and following injury using non-invasive brain stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation/transcranial direct current stimulation) coupled with EEG and advanced neuroimaging techniques (diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI).

Affiliations and expertise

assistant professor of paediatric neurology and developmental medicine at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University and an adjunct assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Pasquale J. Accardo

Dr. Pasquale Accardo is Professor of Pediatrics at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He received his medical degree from Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; completed his pediatric residency at James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, and obtained his developmental pediatrics training at the John F. Kennedy Institute for Handicapped Children (now called the Kennedy Krieger Institute), an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. He is subcertified in neurodevelopmental disabilities in pediatrics by the American Board of Pediatrics. Dr. Accardo is the author and editor of several books including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Clinical Spectrum (York Press, 2001); Austim: Clinical and Research Issues (York Press, 2000), and Developmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood, Second Edition, Volumes I and II (Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., 1996).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond

Bruce K Shapiro

Dr. Bruce Shapiro is a professor of pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Arnold J. Capute, M.D., M.P.H., Chair in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. He serves as vice president of training at Kennedy Krieger Institute and is responsible for the design and implementation of the interdisciplinary training program, as well as for training Johns Hopkins residents and medical students who pursue electives at the institute. He also leads the Kennedy Krieger/Johns Hopkins Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Residency Program, the nation’s largest and most established program of its kind, and serves as director of the Institute’s Maternal and Child Health Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Other Related Disabilities (LEND) Program. Dr. Shapiro serves on the advisory board of the NIH study of early childcare; a longitudinal multisite study that is assessing the effects of different types of childcare on children's development. He serves on the data safety and monitoring board of a NINDS study for children with Rett Syndrome. His research focuses on the identification, assessment and therapy of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Arnold J. Capute, M.D., M.P.H., Chair in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

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Capute and Accardo's Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Fatima Y Ismail

Pasquale J. Accardo

Bruce K Shapiro