Cancer Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways

1st Edition - November 1, 2023
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Surajit Pathak, Antara Banerjee
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 2 1 2 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 2 1 1 - 7

Cancer Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways explores the mechanism of cancer stem cell signaling pathways in cancer advancement, serving as an ideal reference guide for invest… Read more

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Cancer Stem Cells and Signaling Pathways explores the mechanism of cancer stem cell signaling pathways in cancer advancement, serving as an ideal reference guide for investigators with valuable answers to problems associated with anti-cancer treatments and an understanding of the crosstalk among the signaling pathways in CSC regulation. Despite recent advances in tumor therapy and a greater understanding of their biology, tumors continue to be a prevalent and fatal worldwide. According to a novel paradigm in tumor biology, a small percentage of the cells within a tumor known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) are predicted as a crucial population for tumor progression.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Origin of cancer stem cells and the signaling pathways associated with stem cells and cancer stem cells
Abstract
1.1 Stem cells
1.2 Origin of cancer stem cells
1.3 Identification of cancer stem cells
1.4 Characteristics of cancer stem cells
1.5 The molecular similarity in embryonic, induced pluripotent, and cancer stem cells
1.6 Embryos and cancer
1.7 The JAK/STAT pathway
1.8 JAK/STAT pathway in cancer stem cells
1.9 MAP kinase pathway in cancer stem cells
1.10 Transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in cancer stem cells
1.11 Wnt pathway in cancer stem cells
1.12 PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer stem cells—the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase
1.13 Notch signaling
1.14 Notch signaling in cancer stem cells
1.15 NF-kB pathway
1.16 Mutation in NF-kB pathway in cancer stem cells
1.17 Mutations in signaling pathways in induced pluripotent stem cells
1.18 Chemoresistance in cancer stem cells
1.19 Therapeutic targets for cancer stem cell signaling
1.20 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. The importance of niche in therapeutic strategies targeting normal and cancer stem cells
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Adult stem cells
2.3 Niche and its role in the “stemness” of adult stem cells
2.4 Cancer stem cells
2.5 Cancer stem-cell niches
2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 3. Cancer stem cell research: a phosphoproteomic approach
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Protein phosphorylation and phosphoproteomics
3.3 Phosphorylation studies of G protein–coupled receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4, and cancer stem cells in breast cancer
3.4 Phosphorylation studies of progesterone receptor, forkhead box protein O1, and cancer stem cells in breast cancer
3.5 Phosphorylation studies of casein kinase 2 and cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
3.6 Phosphorylation studies of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 and cancer stem cells in pancreatic cancer
3.7 The crosstalk between cancer stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells
3.8 Phosphorylation studies of mesenchymal stem cells in lung cancer
3.9 Conclusions and future prospective
Contributors
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4. Role of mechanotransduction in stem cells and cancer progression
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cellular mechanotransduction
4.3 Molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction
4.4 Stem cells and mechanotransduction
4.5 Mechanotransduction in cancer stem cells and its role in cancer progression
4.6 Conclusion
Consent for publication
Availability of data and materials
Authors’ contributions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Cancer stem cell signaling in neuroblastoma progression—in touch with reality
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Molecular signaling mechanisms involved in neuroblastoma
5.3 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 6. Role of cancer stem cells in developing chemoresistance of solid tumor
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Molecular pathways involved in cancer stem cell proliferation
6.3 Role of cancer stem cells in drug resistance
6.4 Role of tumor microenvironment in cancer stem cell
6.5 Cancer stem cell as a novel target for cancer therapy
6.6 Role of claudin proteins in regulation of cancer stem cell and chemoresistance
6.7 Role of Nrf2 in chemoresistance
6.8 Cancer stemness biomarkers
6.9 Conclusion
Abbreviations
Reference
Chapter 7. Cell surface markers and signaling pathways of cancer stem cells: target for potent therapeutics
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Cancer stem cell markers in different cancers
7.3 Major signaling pathways associated with cancer stem cell
7.4 The noncanonical pathway
7.5 Stemness pathways: solid tumor-associated cancer stem cell markers
References
Chapter 8. Lung cancer stem cells markers and their potential therapeutic molecular targets
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lung cancer stem cell surface markers
8.3 Lung cancer intracellular stem cell markers
8.4 Key signaling pathways involved in lung cancer stem cells
8.5 Therapeutic approaches in lung cancer stem cells
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Role of cancer stem cells in maintenance of tumor heterogeneity in brain tumors
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Brain tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity
9.3 Cancer stem cells at the epitome of brain tumor cellular hierarchy
9.4 Nongenetic factors affecting cancer stem cell plasticity and governing heterogeneity in brain tumors
9.5 Genetic factors affecting cancer stem cell plasticity and governing heterogeneity in brain tumors
9.6 Signaling pathways modulating cancer stem cell proliferation in brain tumors
9.7 Cancer stem cells drive therapy resistance in brain tumors
9.8 Targeting cancer stem cells in brain tumors for effective therapeutic strategies
9.9 Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter 10. Colorectal cancer stem cells: overview and potential targeted therapy
Abstract
10.1 Colorectal cancer—carcinogenesis and treatment
10.2 Colorectal cancer stem cells
10.3 Cancer stem cell markers
10.4 Cancer stem cells isolation methods
10.5 Clinical implications of colorectal cancer stem cell—cancer drug resistance
10.6 Colorectal cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis—migrating cancer stem cells and colorectal cancer liver metastasis
10.7 A promising approach for oncology: targeting cancer stem cells
10.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11. Pancreatic cancer stem cells and inflammation: milestones achieved and challenges ahead
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Pancreatic inflammation
11.3 Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and their role in inflammation
11.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 12. Epigenetic modification: key regulator of reprogramming in cancer stem cells
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Epigenetic reprogramming from normal to cancer stem cells
12.3 Mechanism of key epigenetic markers in cancer stem cells
12.4 Therapeutic intervention of epigenetics in cancer stem cells
12.5 Challenges and future directions
References
Chapter 13. Regulation of cancer stemness, cell signaling, reactive oxygen species, and microRNAs in cancer stem cells
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Regulation of cancer stemness, cell signaling, and reactive oxygen species in cancer stem cells
13.3 Regulation of microRNAs in cancer stem cells
13.4 Regulation of other specific factors of cancer stem cells
13.5 RNA interference and engineered animal models for cancers, and miRNAs of cancers
13.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14. The stem cell niche: key role on cell therapy in regenerative medicine
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Emergence of the stem cell niche
14.3 Anatomy and function of the stem cell niche
14.4 Conserved components of the niche
14.5 Molecular pathways associated with niche function
14.6 Theme and variations among stem cell niche
14.7 Targeting the niche for regenerative medicine
14.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Controlled and targeted proliferation of stem cells for therapeutic application
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Fate of stem cells
15.3 Niche and its role in proliferation
15.4 Cell cycle and it’s regulation
15.5 Mediator of stem cells proliferation
15.6 Signaling pathways controlling regulate stem cells proliferation
15.7 Data-mining approach for identifying stem cell identificators
15.8 Applications of stem cell proliferation
15.9 Limitation of stem cell proliferation
15.10 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 16. MicroRNAs as a theranostics: combating breast cancer stem cells
Abstract
Chapter learning
16.1 Introduction
16.2 MicroRNAs synthesis and regulation
16.3 MicroRNAs and breast cancer stem cells
16.4 Significance of microRNAs expression in cancer
16.5 Future prospective
References
Chapter 17. Chemical approaches to stem cell and signaling pathways for therapeutics
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Stem cell differentiation
17.3 Stem cell signaling
17.4 Cellular reprogramming
17.5 Small molecules modulating stem cell maintenance
17.6 Small molecules that induce stem cell differentiation
17.7 Small molecules that modulate reprogramming
17.8 Therapeutic development for regenerative medicine
17.9 Modulating endogenous regeneration and cell differentiation
17.10 Stem-cell modulation (self-renewal)
17.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18. Responsive biomimetic nanocarriers and its role in stem cell–based targeting therapeutics
Abstract
18.1 Biomimetic nanocarriers
18.2 Coated biomimetic nanocarriers
18.3 Responsive biomimetic nanocarriers
18.4 Targeted biomimetic nanocarriers
18.5 Stem cell–based targeting through biomimetic nanocarriers
18.6 Challenges and future prospective of responsive biomimetic nanocarriers
18.7 Way forward
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 19. Stem cell signaling in nephroblastoma with reference to Wilms tumor
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Pathways and genes influencing renal development and nephroblastoma
19.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 20. Brain cancer stem cells: overview and potential targeted therapy
Abstract
20.1 Brain cancer
20.2 Brain cancer stem cells
20.3 Classification of stem cells in brain cancer
20.4 Signaling pathways and therapeutic targets treating brain cancer with stem cells
References
Chapter 21. Pancreatic cancer and stem cell
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Pancreatic development-related transcription factors
21.3 Human pancreatic cancer
21.4 Cancer stem cell
21.5 MicroRNAs and pancreatic cancer stem cells
21.6 Cancer therapy based on cancer stem cells biology
References
Chapter 22. Epigenetic modulation of cancer stem cells in vitro 3D models
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Cancer stem cells reprogramming and three-dimensional in vitro models
22.3 Efficacy of three-dimensional spheroids combined with other nanoscale drug delivery models for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications
22.4 Methodology: characterization of three-dimensional in vitro models and heterogeneous cancer stem cells markers
22.5 Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and epigenomics of 3D in vitro model
22.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 23. Epigentic signaling: regulation of cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Cancer stem cells: niche and origin
23.3 Noncoding RNAs
23.4 Key epigenetic pathways in colorectal cancer
23.5 Conclusion
Author contributions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 24. Cancer stem cells, signalling pathways and chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals in androgen-regulated cancers
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Signaling pathways in androgen-regulated cancers
24.3 Influence of epigenetics and endocrine-activating lifestyle factors in androgen-regulated cancers
24.4 Phytochemicals in chemoprevention of androgen-regulated cancers
24.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 25. Biomarkers and signaling pathways of esophageal cancer stem cells: promising targets to limit the metastatic potential and stemness
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Esophageal cancer treatments
25.3 Cancer stem cells
25.4 Esophageal cancer stem cells
25.5 Biomarker of esophageal cancer stem cells
25.6 Signaling pathways of esophageal cancer stem cells
25.7 Therapeutic strategies limiting metastatic stem cells of esophageal cancer
25.8 Targeting biomarkers for esophageal cancer stem cell therapy
25.9 Targeting signaling pathways for esophageal cancer stem cell therapy
25.10 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
Funding
References
Chapter 26. miRNA signaling networks of therapeutic interest involved in angiogenesis regulation by cancer stem cells
Abstract
26.1 miRNA-mediated regulation of cancer stemness
26.2 miRNA-mediated regulation of angiogenesis
26.3 Therapeutic implications of targeting miRNA signaling networks to suppress cancer stemness
26.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 27. An altered metabolic landscape drives quiescence to the reawakening of cancer stem cells
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Metabolic adaptations in cancer stem cells
27.3 Clinical implications
27.4 Conclusion
Funding
References
Chapter 28. Canonical WNT signaling pathway in cancer stem cells and potential inhibitors of therapeutic importance
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Normal and cancer stem cells
28.3 Cancer stem cell plasticity and associated signaling pathways
28.4 Canonical wingless-integrated signaling in cancer stem cell
28.5 Inhibitors of canonical wingless-integrated signaling with therapeutic importance
28.6 Conclusion and perspective
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 29. A mechanistic view of the role of thyroid cancer stem cells in microenvironment
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Thyroid carcinoma
29.3 Risk factors
29.4 Role of thyroid hormones in normal and pathophysiological conditions
29.5 Pathophysiology of thyroid carcinoma
29.6 Types of stem cells
29.7 Role of miRNAs in oncogenic signaling pathways
29.8 Biomarkers
29.9 Recent advances of stem cell therapy in thyroid cancer
29.10 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 30. Cancer stem cells and maintenance of tumor heterogeneity/microenvironment
Abstract
30.1 Cancer stem cells
30.2 Tumor heterogeneity characteristics, benign, and malignant tumor
30.3 Different type of cells in tumor
30.4 Role of cellular heterogeneity in metastasis
30.5 Cancer cells potential to make different types of tumor cells
30.6 Experimental data for the formation of tumors from cancer cells
30.7 Factor influence the tumor heterogeneity
30.8 Identification of molecular targets specific to the tumor microenvironment
30.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 31. An overview of the potent role of proto-oncogenes in tissue-specific stem cells
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Role of proto-oncogenes in tissue-specific stem cells
31.3 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 32. Components of cancer stem cells microenvironment: influence on the tumorigenic property and stemness in cancer stem cells
Abstract
32.1 Cancer stem cells: the silent killers
32.2 The cancer stem cell niche
32.3 Components of cancer stem cell niche and its crosstalk with cancer stem cells
32.4 Hypoxia
32.5 Extracellular matrices
32.6 Therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells and their microenvironment
32.7 Other strategies and conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 33. An overview of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells and potential targeted therapies
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Liver cancer stem cells: definition and experimental identification
33.3 Cancer stem cells as targets in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
33.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 34. Cancer stem cell–derived exosomes: what is known to date
Abstract
34.1 Cancer stem cell origin, identification, and biological function
34.2 Classification of extracellular vesicle origins and biological roles
34.3 Exosomes originate as endosomes, which are formed through plasma membrane invagination
34.4 ExV cargo
34.5 Biological roles of ExVs
34.6 Functions of cancer stem cell–derived ExVs
34.7 Therapeutic applications of ExVs
34.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 35. Signaling mechanisms of chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells for therapeutics
Abstract
35.1 Introduction
35.2 History of chemotherapy and chemoresistance
35.3 Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ignites breast cancer chemoresistance
35.4 Breast cancer stem cells—isolation, and characterization
35.5 Factors driving chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells
35.6 Oncogenic networks govern chemoresistance in breast cancer stem cells
35.7 Promising advancements to overcome chemoresistance in breast cancer
35.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Index

Surajit Pathak

Prof. Surajit Pathak, PhD, is currently working as a professor at Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India (from 2015 to date). He is currently serving as a principal research scientist (2022 June–Dec 2022) at Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden. He received his PhD degree from India in 2007 and completed his postdoctoral training (2007–15) from the University of Alabama, United States, the University of Padova, Italy, and the University of Linkoping, Sweden. His current research focuses on “Biomarker discoveries for early detection of colorectal cancer.” He has published more than 100 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals of repute with 2233 citations and 27 H-index. Dr. Pathak has edited Elsevier book “Stem Cells and Aging” in 2021. He is the member of various professional research bodies of India, including the Indian Association of Cancer Research and the Indian Science Congress.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

Antara Banerjee

Dr. Antara Banerjee, PhD, is presently working as an associate professor at CARE, Chennai from 2016 to date. After completing her PhD in 2008 from India, Dr. Banerjee pursued her postdoctoral work at the University of Padova, Italy and Linkoping University, Sweden (2009–15). She has published over 95 peer-reviewed research articles in international and national journals with citation index-1408 and H-index 19. The Banerjee’s lab at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute is now focused on understanding the role of mesenchymal stem cells niche in tissue regeneration and exploring signaling pathways in governing stem cell fate. She is the editor of Elsevier book “Stem Cells and Aging” in 2021. She is the member of various professional research bodies, including the Indian Association of Cancer Research and the Indian Science Congress.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, India

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health