Calcification and Physiology

List of ContributorsPrefacePreface to First EditionContents of Other VolumesChapter 1. Biochemistry of Calcification I. Introduction II. Terminology and Concepts III. Composition of Interstitial Fluids IV. Composition of Bone Mineral V. Conversion of Noncalcifying to Calcifiable Matrix VI. Organelles in the Local Mechanism of Calcification VII. Enzymes VIII. Impregnation of Collagen IX. Inhibitors X. Extraskeletal Calcification XI. Summary ReferencesChapter 2. Pyrophosphate and Diphosphonates I. Introduction II. Pyrophosphate III. Diphosphonates IV. Conclusion ReferencesChapter 3. Calcium Kinetics in Plasma: As they apply to the measurements of bone formation and resorption rates I. Introduction: Observational Basis for Bone Mineral Tracer Methods II. Meaning of Bone Tracer Uptake and Removal III. Background Theory IV. Candidate Model Systems V. The Two-Compartment Model VI. Validation of Kinetic Models VII. Biological Correlates VIII. Other Approaches IX. Available Bone Mineral Tracer Isotopes ReferencesChapter 4. Matrix Vesicles of Cartilage and Bone I. Introduction II. Evidence That Matrix Vesicles Initiate Calcification III. Fine Structure of Matrix Vesicles IV. Origin of Matrix Vesicles V. Enzymes of Matrix Vesicles VI. Lipids of Matrix Vesicles VII. Initial Mineralization in Vesicles of Embryonic Bone VIII. Calcification of Matrix Vesicles in Rickets IX. Experimental Calcification of Isolated Vesicles X. A Model of Matrix Vesicle Calcification XI. Matrix Vesicles in Pathological Calcification XII. Future Matrix Vesicle Research XIII. Summary ReferencesChapter 5. Parathyroid Physiology and the Skeleton I. Introduction II. Chemistry of Parathyroid Hormone III. Chemistry of Parathyroid Biosynthesis and Metabolism IV. Structure-Activity Relationships V. Physiological Role of the Parathyroids VI. Mechanisms of Action ReferencesChapter 6. Mammalian Osteopetrosis—A Model for Studying Cellular and Humoral Factors in Bone Resorption I. Introduction II. Bone Resorption—The State of Our Knowledge and Evaluation of the Evidence III. Mammalian Osteopetrosis—The State of Our Knowledge and Evaluation of the Evidence IV. Human Osteopetrosis V. The Challenges and Opportunities of Mammalian Osteopetrosis VI. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 7. Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry in Investigations on Mineralized Tissues I. Introduction II. Basic Data on ESR Spectrometry III. The Nature of Stable Paramagnetic Centers Evoked in Mineralized Tissues by Ionizing Radiation IV. The Use of Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Centers in Calculation of Crystallinity V. Radiation-Induced Stable Paramagnetic Centers as a Label of Biological Material VI. Application of Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Centers in the Study of Pathologically Calcifying Tissues VII. Dosimetry of the Absorbed Dose of Ionizing Radiation Based on Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy of Bone and Teeth VIII. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 8. Electrical Properties of Bone I. Introduction II. Atomic Bonds and Their Distortion III. Piezoelectricity IV. Streaming Potentials V. Characteristics of the Electrical Response in Flexed Wet Bone VI. Bone Architecture and Streaming Potentials: A Hypothesis VII. Stress-Induced Voltages in the Dentoalveolar Complex VIII. Electrical Properties of Cells and Intracellular Particles IX. Electrically Induced Osteogenesis ReferencesChapter 9. Circulation and Bone I. Introduction II. Establishment of Circulation to Bone III. Bone Blood Volume and Flow IV. Measurements of Blood Circulation under Clinical Conditions V. Relation of Circulation to Bone Growth and Metabolism ReferencesChapter 10. Physiological Relationship and Pathological Interferences between Bone Tissue and Marrow I. Introduction II. Development of the Hematopoietic System III. Stem Cells IV. Bone Marrow as an Organ in Postnatal Life V. Intramedullary Pressure and Blood Flow in Bone VI. Pathological Interferences between Bone and Marrow VII. Conclusions ReferencesChapter 11. Comparative Physiology of Bone I. Introduction II. Bone Morphology III. Ossification and Growth IV. Origin and Fate of Bone Cells V. Bone Formation VI. Skeletal Collagen VII. Mineral Metabolism VIII. Bone Density IX. Bone Resorption X. Fracture Healing XI. Immobilization XII. Growth Hormone XIII. Insulin XIV. Thyroxine XV. Calcitonin (TCT) XVI. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) XVII. Corticosteroids XVIII. Estrogens XIX. Testosterone XX. Progestérones XXI. Conclusion ReferencesChapter 12. A Comparative Study of Dentin and Bone Formation I. Structure II. Outline of the Chemical Composition III. Formation of Dentin IV. Formation of Bone Tissue ReferencesIndex