Business Statistics and Accounting
Made Simple
- 1st Edition - January 1, 1979
- Authors: Ken Hoyle, Geoffrey Whitehead
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 9 1 - 0 2 3 0 9 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 3 5 6 7 - 0
Business Statistics and Accounting: Made Simple focuses on the principles, approaches, and operations involved in business statistics and accounting, including book-keeping, value… Read more
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Request a sales quoteBusiness Statistics and Accounting: Made Simple focuses on the principles, approaches, and operations involved in business statistics and accounting, including book-keeping, value added tax, cash and credit, and trial balance. The book first takes a look at basic numerical knowledge, introduction to business statistics, and classification and tabulation. Discussions focus on frequency distributions, discrete and continuous variables, approximation and error, simple mathematical symbols, importance of business calculations, calculating percentages of quantities, and powers and roots. The text then elaborates on time series, pictorial representation of statistical data, graphs, and mean, median, and mode. The manuscript examines the nature and purpose of accounting, double-entry book-keeping to the trial balance level, books of original entry, value added tax, and accounting to the trial balance, with books of original entry. Topics include original entries for petty cash, original entries for the payment of money, double entries for cash and credit transactions, and extracting a trial balance. The publication is a dependable reference for students and researchers interested in business statistics and accounting.
ForewordAcknowledgementsSection 1: Introduction 1 An Introduction to Business Statistics and Accounting 1.1 The Subject-matter of this Book 1.2 Simple Business Calculations 1.3 Business Statistics 1.4 Accounting to the Trial Balance Level 1.5 Accounting to Final Accounts Level 1.6 ConclusionSection 2: Business Calculations 2 Basic Numerical Knowledge 2.1 The Importance of Business Calculations 2.2 Electronic Calculators and Business Calculations 2.3 Calculating Percentages of Quantities 2.4 Exercises: Calculating Percentages of a Quantity 2.5 Calculating Quantities as Percentages of Other Quantities 2.6 Exercises: Calculating Quantities as Percentages of Other Quantities 2.7 Simple Ratios 2.8 Exercises: Simple Ratios 2.9 The Unitary Method 2.10 Exercises: the Unitary Method 2.11 Powers and Roots 2.12 Exercises: Raising Numbers to a Power 2.13 Exercises: Square Roots of Numbers 2.14 Exercises: the Laws of Indices 2.15 Simple Equations 2.16 Exercises: Simple EquationsSection 3: Business Statistics 3 An Introduction to Business Statistics 3.1 The Meaning of 'Statistics' 3.2 Criticisms of Statistics 3.3 Discrete and Continuous Variables 3.4 Collection of Data 3.5 Types of Sample 3.6 Approximation and Error 3.7 Simple Mathematical Symbols 3.8 Exercises: Introductory Statistical Concepts 4 Classification and Tabulation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Classification of Data 4.3 The Tabulation of Data 4.4 Simple Tables 4.5 Exercises: Simple Tabulation 4.6 Frequency Distributions 4.7 Cumulative Frequency Distributions 4.8 Exercises: Frequency Distributions 5 Time Series 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Trend 5.3 Seasonal Variation 5.4 Random Variations and the De-Seasonalising of Data 5.5 The Uses of Time Series 5.6 Exercises: Time Series 6 Pictorial Representation of Statistical Data 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pictograms 6.3 Bar Charts 6.4 Histograms 6.5 Gantt Charts 6.6 Pie Charts 6.7 Exercises: Diagrammatic Representation 7 Graphs 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Constructing a Graph 7.3 Simple Graphs 7.4 The Z Chart 7.5 Exercises: Simple Graphs 7.6 Straight-line Graphs 7.7 Exercises: Graphs of Simple Functions 7.8 The Frequency Polygon 7.9 Scatter Diagrams 7.10 The Lorenz Curve 7.11 Semi-Logarithmic Graphs 7.12 Exercises: More Graphs and Diagrams 8 Measures of Position—The Mean, Median and Mode 8.1 The Reasons for Measuring Position 8.2 The Arithmetic Mean 8.3 Exercises: Arithmetic Means of Simple Series 8.4 The Arithmetic Mean from a Frequency Distribution 8.5 Exercises: The Arithmetic Mean from a Frequency Distribution 8.6 The Arithmetic Mean from Grouped Data 8.7 Exercises: The Arithmetic Mean from Grouped Data 8.8 The Arithmetic Mean, Calculated from an Assumed Mean 8.9 Exercises: The Arithmetic Mean from an Assumed Mean 8.10 The Weighted Arithmetic Mean 8.11 Exercises: Weighted Arithmetic Means 8.12 The Median 8.13 Exercises: The Median 8.14 Calculating the Median from Grouped Data 8.15 Exercises: Medians from Grouped Data 8.16 Calculating the Median from a Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive) 8.17 Exercises: Calculating the Median from Ogives 8.18 The Mode 8.19 Exercises: The Mode 8.20 Comparison of the Averages 8.21 Exercises: Comparison of Averages 9 Index Numbers 9.1 What are Index Numbers? 9.2 A Simple Index or Price Relative 9.3 Exercises: Simple Index Numbers 9.4 Weighted Index Numbers 9.5 Exercises: Weighted Index Numbers 9.6 Chain Index Numbers 9.7 Exercises: Chain Index Numbers 9.8 Some Difficulties with Index Numbers 9.9 The General Index of Retail Prices 9.10 Exercises: Index Numbers 10 Official Sources of Statistics 10.1 The Range of Official Sources of Statistics 10.2 Regular Sources of Statistics 10.3 Occasional Sources of Statistics 10.4 Exercises: Official StatisticsSection 4: Accounting to Trial Balance Level 11 The Nature and Purpose of Accounting 11.1 What is Accounting? 11.2 The Development of Accounting: Introduction 11.3 Early Double-Entry Book-keeping 11.4 Modern Double-Entry Book-keeping 11.5 How the Double-Entry System Works 11.6 The Computerisation of Double-Entry Book-keeping 11.7 The Pattern of Accounting Activities 11.8 Exercises: The Nature and Purpose of Accounting 12 Double-Entry Book-Keeping to the Trial Balance Level 12.1 Double Entries for Cash and Credit Transactions 12.2 Types of Double Entry 12.3 A Model Exercise in Direct Double Entry 12.4 Tidying Up Accounts for a Trial Balance 12.5 Extracting a Trial Balance 12.6 What to do if a Trial Balance does not Agree 12.7 Exercises: Direct Double Entry 13 Books of Original Entry 13.1 Principles of Original Entry 13.2 Original Entries for the Sale of Goods—the Sales Day Book 13.3 Exercises: The Sales Day Book 13.4 Original Entries for Purchases—The Purchases Day Book 13.5 Exercises: The Purchases Day Book 13.6 Invoices for Services—The Expenses Journal or Day Book 13.7 The Return of Goods—Credit Notes 13.8 Entering Credit Notes—The Sales Returns Book 13.9 Exercises: The Sales Returns Book 13.10 Entering Credit Notes—The Purchase Returns Book 13.11 Exercises: The Purchases Returns Book 13.12 Original Entries for the Payment of Money—Documents 13.13 The Three-Column Cash Book 13.14 Contra Entries in the Cash Book 13.15 Posting the Three-Column Cash Book to the Ledger 13.16 Exercises: The Three-Column Cash Book 13.17 Original Entries for Petty Cash 13.18 The Petty Cash Book 13.19 Exercises: The Petty Cash Book 13.20 Journal Entries: Original Entries for All Other Items 13.21 Exercises: Journal Entries 14 Accounting to the Trial Balance, with Books of Original Entry 14.1 Introduction 14.2 What is Involved in Accounting to the Trial Balance? 14.3 A Specimen Exercise to the Trial Balance 14.4 Exercises: Accounting to the Trial Balance 15 Value Added Tax 15.1 What is Value Added Tax? 15.2 Office Activities Made Necessary by Value Added Tax 15.3 Output Records 15.4 Input Records 15.5 The VAT Account 15.6 Special Retailers' Schemes 15.7 The Tax Return (Form VAT 100) 15.8 Exercises: Value Added TaxSection 5: Accounting to Final Accounts Level 16 Fundamental Accounting Concepts 16.1 Theory and Practice in Accounting 16.2 The Four Fundamental Concepts 16.3 Accounting Bases 16.4 Inflation Accounting 16.5 Accounting Policies 16.6 Exercises fundamental Concepts 17 Accounting to Simple Final Accounts Level 17.1 What are Final Accounts? 17.2 The Trial Balance from Which Final Accounts are Prepared 17.3 Exercises: Preparation of a Trial Balance 17.4 Final Accounts—The Trading Account 17.5 Exercises: Trading Accounts 17.6 The Profit and Loss Account 17.7 Exercises: Profit and Loss Accounts 17.8 The Appropriation of Profits 17.9 The Residue of the Trial Balance 17.10 History Makes a Mess of Things—The Balance Sheet Reversed 17.11 The Order of Permanence and the Order of Liquidity 17.12 Exercises: Simple Final Accounts 18 Adjustments in Final Accounts 18.1 The Nature of Adjustments 18.2 Adjustments No. 1—Payments in Advance by the Firm 18.3 Adjustments No. 2—Payments in Advance to the Firm 18.4 Exercises: Payments in Advance 18.5 Adjustments No. 3—Accrued Expenses Owed by the Firm 18.6 Adjustments No. A—Accrued Receipts Due to the Firm 18.7 Exercises: Accured Expenses and Accrued Receipts 18.8 Exercises: Final Accounts Exercises Including Payments in Advance and Accrued Expenses 18.9 Adjustments No. 5—Bad Debts 18.10 Adjustments No. 6—Provision for Bad Debts 18.11 What Happens to the Provision for Bad Debts in the Next Year 18.12 Exercises: Bad Debts and Provision for Bad Debts 18.13 Adjustment No, 7—Provision for Discounts on Debtors 18.14 Adjustments No. 8—Depreciation of Assets 18.15 Adjustments No. 9—Goodwill, and Writing off Goodwill 18.16 Exercises: Depreciation 18.17 Specimen Exercise to Final Accounts, with Adjustments 18.18 Exercises: Final Accounts with Adjustments 19 Final Accounts for Various Types of Business Units 19.1 Types of Business Unit 19.2 Partnership Accounts 19.3 Exercises: The Final Accounts of Partnerships 19.4 The Final Accounts of Limited Companies 19.5 The Appropriation Account of a Limited Company 19.6 The Balance Sheet of a Limited Company 19.7 The Published Accounts of Limited Companies 19.8 Exercises: The Final Accounts of Companies 19.9 Club Accounts (the Accounts of Non-Profit-Making Organisations) 19.10 Exercises: The Final Accounts of Clubs 19.11 Local Government Accounts 19.12 The Accounts of Central Government 19.13 The Increased Net Worth Method of Finding Profits 19.14 Exercises: Finding Profits by the Increased Net Worth Method 20 Accounting Ratios 20.1 What are Accounting Ratios? 20.2 The Gross Profit Percentage 20.3 The Net Profit Percentage and Expense Ratios 20.4 Exercises: Gross Profit and Net Profit Percentages 20.5 Turnover, Rate of Turnover or Rate of Stockturn 20.6 Exercises: Rate of Stock Turnover 20.7 Vocabulary for the Balance Sheet Ratios 20.8 The Working Capital Ratio (or Current Ratio) 20.9 The Acid-Test Ratio or 'Quick Ratio' 20.10 Return on Capital Employed (or Return on Capital 20.11 Exercises: Balance Sheet Vocabulary and RatiosIndex
- No. of pages: 362
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 1979
- Imprint: Made Simple
- Paperback ISBN: 9780491023092
- eBook ISBN: 9781483135670
GW
Geoffrey Whitehead
Geoff Whitehead is one of the original Made Simple authors and has sold over 2 million Made Simple books. Before writing full-time he was Head of Professional Studies at Thurrock College, and he now runs a small business consultancy for one of the main publishers of account books. With day-to-day advice at a grass roots level he is still 'keeping it simple' for 350,000 book-keepers using the system each year.
Affiliations and expertise
BSc(Econ)Read Business Statistics and Accounting on ScienceDirect