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Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, 2-Volume Set
- 8th Edition - March 25, 2021
- Authors: Joseph Jankovic, John C Mazziotta, Scott L Pomeroy
- Editor: Nancy J. Newman
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 6 4 2 6 1 - 3
A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward… Read more
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Request a sales quoteA practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that’s current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders.
- Covers all aspects of today’s neurology in an easy-to-read, clinically relevant manner.
- Allows for easy searches through an intuitive organization by both symptom and grouping of diseases.
- Features new and expanded content on movement disorders, genetic and immunologic disorders, tropical neurology, neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology, palliative care, pediatric neurology, and new and emerging therapies.
- Offers even more detailed videos that depict how neurological disorders manifest, including EEG and seizures, deep brain stimulation for PD and tremor, sleep disorders, movement disorders, ocular oscillations, EMG evaluation, cranial neuropathies, and disorders of upper and lower motor neurons, as well as other neurologic signs.
- Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
neurologists
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Dedication
- Copyright
- Preface
- List of Contributors
- Video Table of Contents
- VOLUME 1. PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS
- PART I. Common Neurological Problems
- 1. Diagnosis of Neurological Disease
- Neurological Interview
- Chief Complaint
- History of the Present Illness
- Review of Patient-Specific Information
- Examination
- Assessment of the Cause of the Patient’s Symptoms
- Management of Neurological Disorders
- The Experienced Neurologist’s Approach to the Diagnosis of Common Neurological Problems
- 2. Episodic Impairment of Consciousness
- Syncope
- Seizures
- Seizure Classification
- Miscellaneous Causes of Altered Consciousness
- 3. Falls and Drop Attacks
- Falls and Drop Attacks—Introduction
- Drop Attacks With Loss of Consciousness
- Drop Attacks Without Loss of Consciousness
- Falls
- 4. Delirium
- Clinical Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prevention and Management
- Prognosis
- 5. Stupor and Coma
- Definitions
- Conditions that May Mimic Coma
- Approach to the Patient in Coma
- Differential Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Brain Death
- 6. Prolonged Comatose States and Brain Death
- Concepts of Abnormal Consciousness
- Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness
- Imaging in Disorders of Consciousness
- Treatment Options
- Brain Death
- Decision Making and Bioethics
- Conclusions
- 7. Intellectual and Memory Impairments
- Neural Basis Of Cognition
- Memory
- Other Types of Memory (Nondeclarative or Implicit Memory)
- Bedside Tests of Memory and Cognitive Function
- 8. Global Developmental Delay and Regression
- Typical and Atypical Development
- Global Developmental Delay
- Management
- Prognosis
- Recurrence Risk
- Regression
- 9. Behavior and Personality Disturbances
- Etiology of Behavior and Personality Change in Neurological Illness and Injury
- Assessing Behavior and Personality Disturbances in Patients With Cerebral Dysfunction
- Behavior and Personality Disturbances Associated With Cerebral Dysfunction
- 10. Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice
- Principles of Differential Diagnosis
- Principles of Neuropsychiatric Evaluation
- Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Brain–Behavior Relationships
- Biology of Psychosis
- Biology of Depression
- Clinical Symptoms and Signs Suggesting Neurological Disease
- Psychiatric Manifestations of Neurological Disease
- Treatment Modalities
- Treatment Principles
- 11. Limb Apraxias and Related Disorders
- Historical Perspective
- A Model for Praxis
- Classification of Limb Apraxias
- Testing for Limb Apraxias
- Pathophysiology of Limb Apraxias
- Rehabilitation for Limb Apraxias
- Related Disorders
- Summary
- 12. Agnosias
- Visual Agnosias
- Auditory Agnosias
- Tactile Agnosias
- Summary
- 13. Aphasia and Aphasic Syndromes
- Symptoms and Differential Diagnosis of Disordered Language
- Bedside Language Examination
- Differential Diagnosis of Aphasic Syndromes
- Language in Right Hemisphere Disorders
- Language in Dementing Diseases
- Investigation of the Aphasic Patient
- Differential Diagnosis
- Recovery and Rehabilitation of Aphasia
- 14. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech
- Motor Speech Disorders
- 15. Neurogenic Dysphagia
- Normal Swallowing
- Neurophysiology of Swallowing
- Mechanical Dysphagia
- Neuromuscular Dysphagia
- Neurogenic Dysphagia
- 16. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Afferent Visual System
- Afferent Visual System Anatomy and Physiology
- Neuro-Ophthalmological Examination of the Afferent Visual System
- Examination of the Ocular Fundus
- Ancillary Diagnostic Techniques
- Approach to the Patient With Visual Loss
- Pattern of Visual Loss
- Temporal Profile of Visual Loss
- Nonorganic (Functional) Visual Disturbances
- Optic Nerve and Retinal Disorders
- Optic Disc Edema
- Optic Neuropathies with Normal-Appearing Optic Discs
- Optic Neuropathies with Optic Atrophy
- Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies
- Retinal Disorders
- 17. Pupillary and Eyelid Abnormalities
- Pupillary Abnormalities
- Eyelid Abnormalities
- 18. Neuro-ophthalmology: Ocular Motor System
- General Principles of Ocular Motor Control
- Eye Movement Anatomy
- Disorders of Eye Movements—Ophthalmoplegia and Ocular Misalignment
- Disorders of Eye Movements—Abnormal Spontaneous Movements and Oscillations
- Development of the Ocular Motor System
- Recording of Eye Movements
- 19. Disturbances of Smell and Taste
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Chemosensory Testing
- Disorders of Olfaction
- Disorders of Taste
- Clinical Evaluation of Taste and Smell
- Treatment and Management
- 20. Cranial and Facial Pain
- History
- Examination
- Diagnostic Testing
- Further Observation
- 21. Brainstem Syndromes
- Ocular Motor Syndromes
- Syndromes Involving Ocular Motor Nuclei
- Other Brainstem and Associated Syndromes
- Brainstem Ischemic Stroke Syndromes
- 22. Neuro-Otology: Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders
- Historical Background
- Epidemiology of Vertigo, Dizziness, and Hearing Loss
- Normal Anatomy and Physiology
- History of Present Illness
- Physical Examination
- Specific Disorders Causing Vertigo
- Common Causes of Nonspecific Dizziness
- Common Presentations of Vertigo
- Hearing Loss
- Specific Disorders Causing Hearing Loss
- Common Presentations of Hearing Loss
- Tinnitus
- Laboratory Investigations in Diagnosis and Management
- Management of Patients With Vertigo
- Management of Patients With Hearing Loss and Tinnitus
- 23. Cerebellar Ataxia
- Function of the Cerebellum
- Signs and Symptoms for Cerebellar Ataxia
- Neurological Examination of Cerebellar Ataxia
- Laboratory Tests for Cerebellar Ataxia
- Neuroimaging for Cerebellar Ataxia
- Other Diagnostic Tests for Ataxia
- Acquired Causes for Ataxia
- Genetic Causes for Ataxia
- Degenerative Cause
- Functional (Psychogenic) Ataxia
- Management
- 24. Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
- Parkinsonism
- Tremor
- Dystonia
- Chorea/Athetosis
- Stereotypy
- Ballism
- Tics
- Myoclonus
- Miscellaneous Movement Disorders
- Investigation of Movement Disorders
- 25. Gait Disorders
- Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Gait
- Anatomical Aspects of Gait
- History: Common Symptoms and Associations
- Examination of Posture and Walking
- Motor and Sensory Examination
- Discrepancies on Examination of Gait
- Classification of Gait Patterns
- Elderly Gait Patterns, Cautious Gaits, and Fear of Falling
- Perceptions of Instability and Illusions of Movement
- Reckless Gait Patterns
- Hysterical and Psychogenic Gait Disorders
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Antalgic Gait
- 26. Hemiplegia and Monoplegia
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Hemiplegia
- Monoplegia
- Pitfalls in the Differential Diagnosis of Hemiplegia and Monoplegia
- 27. Paraplegia and Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Common Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Characteristic Clinical Features of Lesions at Different Levels
- Pain and Autonomic Dysfunction
- 28. Proximal, Distal, and Generalized Weakness
- Clinical Presentation by Affected Region
- Bedside Examination of the Weak Patient
- Functional Evaluation of the Weak Patient
- Clinical Investigations in Muscular Weakness
- Differential Diagnosis by Affected Region and Other Manifestations of Weakness
- 29. Muscle Pain and Cramps
- General Features of Pain
- Muscle Pain: Basic Concepts
- Clinical Features of Muscle Pain
- Muscle Discomfort: Specific Causes
- 30. Hypotonic (Floppy) Infant
- Approach to Diagnosis
- Specific Disorders Associated with Hypotonia in Infancy
- Summary
- 31. Sensory Abnormalities of the Limbs, Trunk, and Face
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Approach to Localization and Diagnosis
- Common Sensory Syndromes
- Pitfalls
- Pitfalls
- 32. Arm and Neck Pain
- Clinical Assessment
- Pathology and Clinical Syndromes
- 33. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain
- Anatomy and Physiology
- Approach to Diagnosis of Low Back and Leg Pain
- Clinical Syndromes
- Pitfalls
- Neurological Investigations and Interventions
- SECTION A. General Principles
- 34. Investigations in the Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Disease
- Diagnostic Yield of Ancillary Tests
- Interpretation of Results of Investigations
- Risk, Cost, and Prioritization of Investigations
- Reliability of Investigations
- Decision Analysis
- Research Investigations and Teaching Hospitals
- Patient Confidentiality
- The Role of Ancillary Tests in Neurological Disease Management
- SECTION B. Clinical Neurophysiology
- 35. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials
- Electroencephalography
- Evoked Potentials
- Intraoperative Monitoring
- Evoked Potentials
- Intraoperative Monitoring
- 36. Clinical Electromyography
- Nerve Conduction Studies
- Needle Electromyographic Examination
- Specialized Electrodiagnostic Studies
- 37. Extracranial Neuromodulation
- Methods and Their Neurophysiological Background
- Stimulation Parameters for Diagnostic use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Clinical Applications for Diagnostic use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Rationale for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Therapeutic Applications
- Basic Principles of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Current Concepts of Therapeutic Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Conclusion and Outlook
- 38. Intracranial Neuromodulation
- Parkinson Disease
- Dystonia
- Tremor
- Dementia
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders
- Pain
- Epilepsy
- Closed-Loop Stimulation—the Epilepsy Experience
- Conclusions and the Future of Deep Brain Stimulation
- 39. Intraoperative Monitoring
- Techniques
- Interpretation
- Response to Change
- Prediction of Deficits
- Anesthesia
- Clinical Settings
- SECTION C. Neuroimaging
- 40. Structural Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
- Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Structural Neuroimaging in the Clinical Practice of Neurology
- Indications for Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 41. Vascular Imaging: Computed Tomographic Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Ultrasound
- Computed Tomographic Angiography
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography
- Ultrasound
- 42. Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging
- Functional Neuroimaging Modalities
- Clinical Applications
- 43. Ocular Functional and Structural Investigations
- Investigations of Retinal and Optic Nerve Structure
- Investigations of Visual Function
- SECTION D. Clinical Neurosciences
- 44. Neuropsychology
- Goals of Neuropsychology
- Neuropsychological Evaluation
- Brief Mental Status Examination
- Neuropsychological Characteristics of Neurological Disease
- 45. Neurourology
- The Lower Urinary Tract and its Neurological Control
- The Lower Bowel and its Neurological Control
- Sexual Function and its Neurological Control
- Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Complications Arising From Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and the Risk for Developing Upper Tract Damage
- Management of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
- Management of Neurogenic Sexual Dysfunction
- Management of Fecal Incontinence
- 46. Sexual Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders
- The Neurophysiology of Human Sexual Responses
- The Impact of Neurological Conditions on Sexual Function
- Treatment Options for the Primary Impact of Neurological Conditions on Sexual Function
- Treatment Options for Secondary Impact Effects of Neurological Conditions on Sexual Function
- Treatment Options for Tertiary Effects of Neurological Conditions on Sexual Function
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
- 47. Neuroepidemiology
- Population-Based Rates
- Cerebrovascular Disease
- Primary Neoplasms
- Convulsive Disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Movement Disorders
- Selected Infections and Neurological Disease
- Overview of the Frequency of Neurological Disorders
- 48. Clinical Neurogenetics
- Genetics in Clinical Neurology
- Gene Expression, Diversity, and Regulation
- Types of Genetic Variation and Mutations
- Chromosomal Analysis and Abnormalities
- Disorders of Mendelian Inheritance
- Mendelian Disease Gene Identification by Linkage Analysis and Chromosome Mapping
- Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
- Common Neurological Disorders and Complex Disease Genetics
- Genome/Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice, Disease Gene Discovery, and Gene Therapy
- Future Role of Systems Biology in Neurogenetic Disease
- Environmental Contributions to Neurogenetic Disease
- Genetics and the Paradox of Disease Definition
- Clinical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Neurogenetic Disease
- 49. Neuroimmunology
- Immune System
- Organization of the Immune Response
- Self-Tolerance
- The gut Microbiome
- Immune System and Central Nervous System
- Putative Mechanisms of Human Autoimmune Disease
- Neuroimmunological Diseases
- Immune Response to Infectious Diseases
- Tumor Immunology
- Antibody-Associated Neurological Syndromes
- Immunology of Central Nervous System Transplant
- Summary
- 50. Neuroendocrinology
- Neuropeptides, Neurotransmitters, and Neurohormones
- Neuropeptides and the Immune System
- Nonendocrine Hypothalamus
- Endocrine Hypothalamus: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary Unit
- Anterior Pituitary
- Posterior Pituitary
- Approach to the Patient With Hypothalamic-Pituitary Dysfunction
- Neuroendocrine Tumors
- VOLUME 2. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
- PART III. Neurological Diseases and Their Treatment
- 51. Management of Neurological Disease
- Principles of Neurological Management
- Evidence-Based Medicine in Neurology
- Goals of Treatment
- Principles of Symptom Management
- Legal Issues
- Implications for Clinical Practice
- 52. Pain Management
- Definition and Challenge
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Pain Pathways
- Multidisciplinary Approach to Pain Management
- Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain
- Interventional Pain Management
- Psychological Therapy in Chronic Pain Management
- Rehabilitation in Chronic Pain Management
- Common Pain Syndromes
- Summary
- 53. Neurointensive Care
- Clinical Assessment of Critically Ill Neurological Patients
- Monitoring in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit
- Global Brain Monitoring Techniques
- Regional/Focal Brain Monitoring Techniques
- Principles of Managing Critically Ill Neurological Patients
- 54. Principles of Neuroendovascular Therapy
- Ischemic Stroke
- Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
- Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistulas
- Spinal Vascular Malformations
- Tumor Embolization
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
- SECTION B. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease
- 55. Neurological Rehabilitation
- Goals and Structure of Rehabilitation
- Biological Bases for Rehabilitative Interventions
- Neuromedical Complications that Interfere with Rehabilitation
- Therapies for Impairments and Disabilities
- Therapies for Cognitive and Behavioral Disabilities
- Functional Outcomes with Rehabilitation
- Future Directions
- 56. Transition to Adult Care for Youth with Chronic Neurological Disorders
- Why is Transition Sometimes Difficult?
- What Happens Without a Transition Program?
- Guidelines for Transition Programs
- How is Transition Best Orchestrated?
- Conclusion
- 57. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Neurological Disease
- Introduction
- Communicating Difficult News
- Incorporating Palliative Care Into Specific Disease Categories
- Goals of Care
- Advance Care Planning
- Caregiver and Family Support
- Transition to Hospice Care
- Summary
- 58. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Adults
- Cardiac Disorders and the Nervous System
- Diseases of the Aorta
- Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitides
- Respiratory Diseases
- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Hematological Disorders With Anemia
- Proliferative Hematological Disorders
- Hemorrhagic Diseases
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndromes
- Liver Disease
- Pancreatic Encephalopathy
- Gastrointestinal Diseases
- Renal Failure
- Electrolyte Disturbances
- Pituitary Disease
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Thyroid Disease
- Parathyroid Disease
- Adrenal Glands
- Diabetes Mellitus
- 59. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Children
- Cardiac Disorders and the Nervous System
- Connective Tissue Diseases and Vasculitides
- Respiratory Disorders
- Hypertension
- Hematological Disorders
- Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Endocrine Disorders
- Renal Disorders
- SECTION C. Trauma of the Nervous System
- 60. Basic Neuroscience of Neurotrauma
- Experimental Models of Traumatic Brain Injury
- Neuronal Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury
- Basic Mechanisms of Injury
- Therapeutic Interventions Directed Against Pathophysiological Processes
- Inflammation
- Recovery of Function
- Summary and Future Directions
- 61. Concussion in Sports and Performance
- Epidemiology
- Definition of Concussion
- Pathophysiology
- Initial Evaluation and Diagnosis
- Acute and Subacute Management
- Risk Involved With Premature Return to Participation
- Long-Term Effects
- When to Retire an Athlete
- Prevention
- 62. Craniocerebral Trauma
- Epidemiology
- Classification
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Late Complications
- Outcome
- Future of Traumatic Brain Injury
- 63. Spinal Cord Trauma
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes
- Transient Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Spinal Shock
- Mechanisms and Types of Injuries
- Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries
- SCIWORA
- Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries in the Acute Setting
- Stabilization and Support
- Long-Term Management of Spinal Cord Injuries
- Delayed Posttraumatic Spinal Cord Syndromes
- Autonomic Dysreflexia
- Deep Venous Thrombosis and Thromboembolism in Spinal Cord Injury
- Future Directions
- 64. Trauma of the Nervous System: Peripheral Nerve Trauma
- Anatomy of the Spinal Nerves of the Peripheral Nervous System
- Classification of Nerve Trauma
- Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration
- Mechanisms of Traumatic Nerve Injury
- Evaluation of Nerve Trauma
- Surgical Repair of Nerve Trauma
- Management of Neuropathic Pain Associated With Nerve Trauma
- Movement Disorders After Nerve Trauma
- Future Directions in Treatment of Nerve Trauma
- SECTION D. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System
- 65. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors
- Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia
- Pathology of Ischemic Stroke
- Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Ischemia
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Threatened Ischemic Stroke
- Large-Artery Atherothrombotic Infarctions
- Small-Vessel or Penetrating Artery Disease
- Cardiogenic Embolism
- Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathies
- Inherited and Miscellaneous Disorders
- Hypercoagulable Disorders
- Infarcts of Undetermined Cause
- Essential Investigations
- Preventing Stroke Recurrence: Medical Therapy
- Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
- 66. Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Mechanisms of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Clinical Features of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- 67. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Natural History of Intracranial Aneurysms
- Imaging Modalities and Diagnosis
- Symptoms
- Treatment of Incidental Intracranial Aneurysms
- Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- 68. Stroke in Children
- Stroke and the Developing Cerebrovascular System
- Epidemiology
- Presentations
- Etiology
- Differential Diagnosis
- Evaluation
- Treatment
- Summary
- 69. Spinal Cord Vascular Disease
- Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
- Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
- Spinal Cord Infarction
- Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations
- Spinal Cavernous Malformations
- Spinal Hemorrhage
- 70. Central Nervous System Vasculitis
- Features and Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Mimics
- Conclusions
- SECTION E. Cancer and the Nervous System
- 71. Epidemiology of Brain Tumors
- Classification
- Descriptive Epidemiology
- Analytical Epidemiology
- Summary
- 72. Pathology and Molecular Genetics
- General Principles of Nervous System Tumor Biology
- Nervous System Tumor Classification
- Primary Neuroepithelial Tumors
- Primary Extra-Axial Neoplasms
- Miscellaneous Tumors
- Metastatic Tumors
- 73. Clinical Features of Brain Tumors and Complications of Their Treatment
- Clinical Features of Brain Tumors
- Complications of Brain Tumor Treatment
- 74. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Adults
- General Aspects
- Management of Specific Brain Tumors
- 75. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Infants and Children
- Pediatric Primary Nervous System Tumors
- Embryonal Tumors
- Astrocytic Tumors
- Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors
- Other Central Nervous System Tumors
- Treatment-Related Complications in Infants and Children With Primary Nervous System Tumors
- Summary
- 76. Nervous System Metastases
- Brain Metastases
- Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression
- Intramedullary Spinal Metastases
- Skull and Dural Metastases
- Leptomeningeal Metastases
- Plexus Metastases
- Peripheral Nerve Metastases
- SECTION F. Infections of the Nervous System
- 77. Neurological Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults
- Epidemiology and Current Trends
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Genome, Replication, and Molecular Heterogeneity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Natural History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Neuro-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
- Neuropathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
- Antiretroviral Therapy and its Effect on Neuro-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
- Clinical Spectrum of Neuro-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
- Major Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurological Syndromes
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neuromuscular Disorders
- 78. Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses
- Ribonucleic Acid Viruses
- 79. Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System
- Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System
- Fungal infections of the Central Nervous System
- Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System
- Summary
- SECTION G. Neurological Disorders
- 80. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
- Characteristic Clinical Symptoms and Physical Findings in Multiple Sclerosis
- Cranial Nerve Dysfunction
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Course and Prognosis
- Factors Influencing Clinical Course
- Variants of Multiple Sclerosis
- Treatment and Management
- Clinical Symptoms and Symptom Management
- Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
- 81. Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System
- Pathogenesis
- General Diagnostic Approach
- Specific Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Their Treatment
- 82. Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Cell Surface Antigens
- Specific Syndromes
- General Treatment Recommendations
- 83. Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
- Pathophysiological Concepts
- Clinical Examination
- Management
- Predicting Prognosis
- Laboratory and Electrophysiological Testing
- Neuroimaging
- 84. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies
- Clinical Manifestations
- Toxic Encephalopathies
- Metabolic Disturbances
- 85. Deficiency Diseases of the Nervous System
- Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Folate Deficiency and Homocysteine
- Vitamin E
- Pellagra (Nicotinic Acid Deficiency)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Thiamine
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Other Diseases Associated With Alcoholism
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Miscellaneous Deficiency Diseases
- 86. Effects of Toxins and Physical Agents on the Nervous System
- Occupational Exposure to Organic Chemicals
- Occupational Exposure to Metals
- Effects of Ionizing Radiation
- Effects of Nonionizing Radiation
- Electric Current and Lightning
- Vibration
- Hyperthermia
- Hypothermia
- Burns
- Neurotoxins of Animals and Insects
- Neurotoxins of Plants and Fungi
- Marine Neurotoxins
- 87. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Nervous System
- Drugs of Dependence
- Neurological Complications
- 88. Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation
- Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation
- Blood–Brain Interfaces
- Brain Edema
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
- Hydrocephalus
- 89. Developmental Disorders of the Nervous System
- Embryological and Fetal Development of the Nervous System
- Neurulation
- Mitotic Proliferation of Neuroblasts (Neuronogenesis)
- Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
- Neuroblast Migration
- Fissures and Sulci of Cortical Structures
- Growth of Axons and Dendrites
- Electrical Polarity of the Cell Membrane
- Synaptogenesis
- Biosynthesis of Neurotransmitters
- Myelination
- Cajal-Retzius Neurons and Subplate Neurons of the Fetal Brain
- Etiology of Central Nervous System Malformations
- Molecular Genetic Classification of Malformations of the Nervous System
- Clinical Expression of Selected Malformations of the Nervous System
- 90. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- Autism Spectrum Disorders
- Intellectual Disability
- Learning Disability
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- 91. Inborn Errors of Metabolism and the Nervous System
- General Considerations
- Disorders Involving Complex Molecules
- Disorders Involving Small Molecules
- Other Subclassifications of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Conclusion
- 92. Neurodegenerative Disease Processes
- Where do Neurodegenerative Disorders Begin?
- Mechanisms of Cell Loss in Neurodegeneration
- Conclusion
- 93. Mitochondrial Disorders
- Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders
- Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Disorders
- Approach to the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Disorders
- Mitochondrial Clinical Syndromes
- Management of Mitochondrial Diseases
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease
- 94. Prion Diseases
- Human Prion Diseases
- Clinical Aspects of Human Prion Diseases
- Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
- Treatment of Human Prion Diseases
- Differential Diagnosis
- 95. Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias
- Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Dementia
- Alzheimer Disease
- Neurodegenerative Dementias Associated With Parkinsonism
- Frontotemporal Dementias
- Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging
- Vascular Dementia (Vascular Cognitive Impairment)
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/Post-Traumatic Dementia
- Other Causes
- Young-Onset Dementia
- 96. Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
- Movement Disorders and the Basal Ganglia
- Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration
- Parkinsonian Disorders
- Tremor
- Chorea
- Dystonia
- Tics
- Myoclonus
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Stereotypies
- Miscellaneous Movement Disorders
- 97. Disorders of Upper and Lower Motor Neurons
- Disorders of Upper Motor Neurons
- Disorders of Lower Motor Neurons
- Disorders of Both Upper and Lower Motor Neurons
- 98. Channelopathies: Episodic and Electrical Disorders of the Nervous System
- Ion Channels
- Genetic Disorders of Muscular Ion Channels
- Genetic Disorders of Neuronal Ion Channels
- Epilepsy
- Autoimmune Channelopathies
- Summary
- 99. Neurocutaneous Syndromes
- Tuberous Sclerosis
- Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- Neurofibromatosis Type 2
- Sturge-Weber Syndrome
- Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- Hypomelanosis of Ito
- Incontinentia Pigmenti
- Ataxia-Telangiectasia
- Epidermal Nevus Syndrome
- Neurocutaneous Melanosis
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
- Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
- Progressive Facial Hemiatrophy
- Kinky Hair Syndrome (Menkes Disease)
- Xeroderma Pigmentosum
- Other Neurological Conditions With Cutaneous Manifestations
- Conclusions
- 100. Epilepsies
- Seizures and Epilepsy Definitions
- Ictal Phenomenology
- Classification of Seizures
- Seizure Types
- Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes
- Seizure Precipitants
- Epidemiology of Epilepsy and Seizures
- Morbidity and Mortality
- Pathophysiology and Mechanisms
- Differential Diagnosis
- Evaluation and Diagnosis
- Medical Therapy
- Surgical Therapy
- Other Therapies
- Quality-of-Care Standards in the Management of Epilepsy
- Seizure Clusters and Status Epilepticus
- 101. Sleep and Its Disorders
- Definition of Sleep
- Mechanism of Muscle Antonia During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
- Physiological Changes In Sleep
- Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness
- Classification of Sleep Disorders
- Clinical Phenomenology
- Laboratory Assessment of Sleep Disorders
- Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders
- Conclusion
- 102. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain
- Pain Transmission and Modulation as Related to Headache
- Classification
- Secondary Headaches
- Primary Headaches
- Other Headaches and Facial Pains
- Headache in Children and Adolescents
- 103. Cranial Neuropathies
- Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
- Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)
- Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III)
- Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV)
- Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
- Abducens Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI)
- Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
- Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
- Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
- Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
- Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
- 104. Disorders of Bones, Joints, Ligaments, and Meninges
- Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
- Congenital and Inherited Craniospinal Malformations and Deformities
- Spinal Dysraphism
- Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia
- Spinal Deformities and Metabolic Bone Disease
- Degenerative Disease of the Spine
- Infectious Diseases of the Spine
- Inflammatory Joint Disease
- Epidural Lipomatosis
- Chronic Meningitis
- Fibromyalgia
- 105. Disorders of Nerve Roots and Plexuses
- Disorders of Nerve Roots
- Disorders of the Brachial Plexus
- Disorders of the Lumbosacral Plexus
- 106. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves
- Clinical Approach to Disorders of Peripheral Nerves
- Mononeuropathies
- Hereditary Neuropathies
- Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies
- Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Proteins
- Neuropathies Associated with Systemic Disorders
- Toxic and Drug-Induced Neuropathies
- Neuropathies Associated With Infections
- Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy
- Pain In Peripheral Neuropathy
- 107. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Classification of Autonomic Disorders
- Clinical Features of Autonomic Impairment
- Assessment of Autonomic Function
- Functional Autonomic Disorders
- Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Excessive Autonomic Outflow
- Predominantly Peripheral Afferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow
- Predominantly Peripheral Efferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow
- Predominantly Central Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow
- Nonautonomic Disorders Causing Hypotension or Syncope to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis
- Therapy of Dysautonomias
- 108. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
- Lambert-Eaton Myasthenia
- Botulism
- Other Causes of Abnormal Neuromuscular Transmission
- 109. Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
- Muscle Histology
- Specific Disorders
- 110. Neurological Problems in the Newborn
- Neonatal Seizures
- Brain Injury in the Preterm Newborn
- Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Term Newborn
- Perinatal Stroke
- Metabolic Brain Injury
- Infections in the Central Nervous System
- Trauma to Extracranial, Central, and Peripheral Nervous System Structures
- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Antidepressant Exposure
- 111. Cerebral Palsy
- History
- Definition
- Clinical Approach
- Treatment
- Summary
- 112. Neurological Problems of Pregnancy
- Neurological Complications of Contraception
- Ethical Considerations
- Imaging
- Headache
- Leg Muscle Cramps
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Muscular and Neuromuscular Disorders
- Neuropathy
- Movement Disorders
- Wernicke Encephalopathy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder—Devic Syndrome
- Tumors
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
- Epilepsy and its Treatments
- Cerebrovascular Disease
- Eclamptic Encephalopathy
- 113. Functional and Dissociative Neurological Symptoms and Disorders
- Terminology
- Epidemiology in Neurology and Other Medical Specialties
- Clinical Assessment of Functional Neurological Disorders
- Feigning and Malingering
- Misdiagnosis
- Prognosis
- Etiology and Mechanism
- Investigations
- Treatment
- Summary
- Index
- No. of pages: 2400
- Language: English
- Edition: 8
- Published: March 25, 2021
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323642613
NN
Nancy J. Newman
Affiliations and expertise
Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GAJJ
Joseph Jankovic
Affiliations and expertise
Professor Neurology, Distinguished Chair in Movement Disorders, Director, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TXJM
John C Mazziotta
Affiliations and expertise
Vice Chancellor of UCLA Health Sciences; Dean, David Geffen School of Medicine; CEO UCLA Health; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USASP
Scott L Pomeroy
Scott L. Pomeroy is an internationally known expert on the biological origins, treatment and long-term outcomes of childhood brain tumors. He has served as the Chair of the Department of Neurology and Neurologist-in-Chief of Boston Children’s Hospital since 2005. Dr. Pomeroy graduated summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Miami University in 1975 and in 1982 was the first graduate of the M.D., Ph.D. program of the University of Cincinnati. He trained in pediatrics at Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School and in child neurology at St. Louis Children’s Hospital/Washington University of St. Louis. In 1989, he won the Child Neurology Society Young Investigator Award for work done as a postdoctoral fellow of Dale Purves. The Pomeroy lab focuses on understanding the molecular and cellular basis of medulloblastomas and other embryonal brain tumors. Dr. Pomeroy has served as an ad hoc and chartered member of many NIH study sections, as co-Editor of Neurology in Clinical Practice and Associate Editor of Annals of Neurology, as President of the Child Neurology Foundation and as a member of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives. He has received numerous awards including the Sidney Carter Award of the American Academy of Neurology, the Daniel Drake Medal of the University of Cincinnati, the inaugural Compassionate Caregiver Award of the Kenneth Schwartz Center, and the Bernard Sachs Award of the Child Neurology Society. In 2017, he was elected a member of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine.
Affiliations and expertise
Bronson Crothers Professor of Neurology; Director, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center; Harvard Medical School; Chair, Department of Neurology; Neurologist-in-Chief; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA