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Braddom’s Rehabilitation Care
A Clinical Handbook
- 2nd Edition - December 17, 2024
- Editors: David Cifu, Henry L. Lew
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 3 0 5 4 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 3 1 0 6 - 9
Ideal for use at the bedside or in outpatient clinics, Braddom’s Rehabilitation Care by Drs. David X. Cifu and Henry L. Lew provides dependable, up-to-date content in a portable,… Read more
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Request a sales quoteIdeal for use at the bedside or in outpatient clinics, Braddom’s Rehabilitation Care by Drs. David X. Cifu and Henry L. Lew provides dependable, up-to-date content in a portable, concise handbook format. The fully updated Second Edition covers the everyday topics you need — pain management, pediatric, adult, and geriatric care, spasticity, assistive devices, orthoses, outcome measures, and much more — all derived from the most trusted name in the field of PM&R.
- Presents authoritative content derived from the #1 comprehensive reference in the field: Braddom’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, in a concise, and portable format
- Highlights key concepts spanning the full spectrum of rehabilitation medicine to help optimize outcomes for individuals with a range of chronic diseases, impairments, and disabilities
- Features a reader-friendly design with succinct, templated chapters for ease of use.
- Offers insights from an international panel of PM&R experts
- Reflects updates to the latest advances and technologies, including new information on stroke evaluation, rehabilitation, and therapies; interventional pain management options; gait and prosthetics; ultrasound, fluoroscopy; electrodiagnosis; occupational medicine and vocational rehabilitation; the neurogenic bladder; upper limb amputation; medical frailty; and more
- Provides a quick reference or study resource for the entire rehabilitation team: PM&R professionals and trainees, NPs, PAs, PTs, STs, and OTs; and residents in neurology, neurosurgery, rheumatology, geriatrics, pediatrics, and orthopedics
- Features online videos that provide guidance on essential techniques, and eSlides that summarize key teaching points and clinical pearls using robust images and diagrams in a presentation format
- An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiatrists), neurologists
- Braddom’s Rehabilitation Care : A Clinical Handbook
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Acknowledgment
- Contributors
- Preface
- Foreword
- Video contents
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- Section 1. Evaluation
- 1. The physiatric history and physical examination
- • Overview
- • History
- Chief complaint
- History of the present illness
- Functional status
- Past medical and surgical history
- Medications
- Social history
- Family history
- Review of systems
- • Physical examination
- Neurologic examination
- • Assessment, summary, and plan
- 2. Examination of the pediatric patient
- • History
- Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history (eSlide 2.1)
- History of the presenting problem (eSlide 2.2)
- Growth and developmental history (eSlide 2.3)
- Family history (eSlide 2.8)
- Social and educational history
- • Physical examination
- Growth (eSlide 2.9)
- Inspection (eSlide 2.10)
- Musculoskeletal assessment (eSlide 2.12)
- Neurologic assessment (eSlide 2.16)
- Functional assessment
- Bibliography
- 3. Rehabilitation of swallowing disorders
- • Swallowing physiology (eSlide 3.1)
- Oral preparatory stage
- Oral transport stage
- Pharyngeal stage
- Esophageal stage
- • Neurophysiology
- • Dysphagia
- Evaluation of dysphagia (eSlide 3.4)
- • Bedside/clinical swallow evaluation
- Dysphagia screenings
- Clinical swallow evaluation
- Blue dye clinical swallow evaluation
- Cervical auscultation
- • Instrumental swallow assessment
- Videofluoroscopic swallow study
- Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of the swallow
- Comparison of vfss and fees
- High-resolution manometry
- Ultrasonography
- • Treatment of dysphagia
- Compensatory strategies in swallowing rehabilitation (eSlides 3.5 and 3.6)
- Restorative: Exercise training and plasticity considerations (eSlide 3.7)
- Swallowing exercises
- Nonswallowing exercises
- • Surgery for dysphagia
- Bypassing the oropharyngeal swallow process (eSlide 3.8)
- Aspiration pneumonia prevention (eSlide 3.9)
- 4. Psychological assessment and intervention in rehabilitation
- • Psychological assessment
- Acute assessment
- Subacute rehabilitation assessment
- Community and outpatient assessment
- • Psychological intervention
- Cognitive impairment and intervention strategies
- Emotional impairment and intervention strategies
- Behavioral impairment and intervention strategies
- Bibliography
- 5. Practical aspects of impairment rating and disability determination
- • Terminology and conceptualization of functioning (eSlides 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3)
- Americans with disabilities act and implications (eSlides 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6)
- • Relating impairment to disability and compensation formulas
- Social security disability insurance and supplemental security income
- Federal and state workers’ compensation systems (eSlide 5.7)
- Impairment rating guides for physicians with attention to guides, sixth edition (eSlides 5.8, 5.9, and 5.10)
- • Independent medical examination: elements and reporting requirement
- Maximum medical improvement determination (eSlide 5.11)
- Disability as return-to-work restrictions (eSlides 5.12, 5.13, and 5.14)
- • Legal and ethical considerations
- Expert witness testimony (eSlide 5.15)
- Bibliography
- 6. Occupational medicine and vocational rehabilitation
- • Introduction (eSlide 6.2)
- • Occupational medicine (eSlide 6.3)
- History of occupational medicine
- Epidemiology of work-related injury, illness, and fatality (eSlide 6.5)
- • Adaptations for people with impairment/disabilities
- Workplace environment and safety regulation
- Ergonomics and prevention strategies
- Treating worker disability
- Returning to work
- Employees with preexisting impairments
- • Vocational rehabilitation
- What is vocational rehabilitation? (eSlide 6.9)
- Biopsychosocial model approach to work disability (eSlide 6.10)
- Vocational rehabilitation assessment and evaluation (eSlide 6.11)
- Disability evaluation, livelihood, and employment rehabilitation model
- • Return-to-work interventions (eSlide 6.12)
- Work conditioning/work hardening (eSlide 6.14)
- Functional restoration program/functional capacity evaluation
- • Conclusion (eSlide 6.17)
- Bibliography
- 7. Quality and outcome measures for medical rehabilitation
- • Overview
- • Outcome measures
- Types of outcome measures
- International classification of function
- Functional outcome measures
- Choosing outcome measures
- • Evidence and guidelines
- Definitions of evidence-based medicine
- Assessing, evaluating, and applying evidence
- • Clinical practice guidelines
- • Performance measures and metrics and measure development
- Challenges in measure development
- Strategically improving health care quality with performance measurement
- • Safety and accreditation
- • Maintenance of certification and quality improvement
- • Conclusions
- Bibliography
- 8. Electrodiagnostic medicine
- • Clinical assessment: history and physical examination
- History and physical examination
- • Purpose of electrodiagnostic testing
- • Nerve injury classification
- Seddon classification
- Sunderland classification
- • Clinical testing of motor and sensory nerves
- Nerve conduction study
- • Needle electromyography
- Electrical potentials in muscle
- Muscle generators of normal voluntary activity
- Muscle generators of abnormal spontaneous potentials
- Neural generators of abnormal spontaneous potentials
- • Electrodiagnostic assessment of peripheral nervous system
- Mononeuropathies and entrapment neuropathies
- Brachial plexopathies
- Radiculopathies
- Traumatic nerve injuries
- Generalized disorders
- • Pediatric electrodiagnosis
- • Limitations of electrodiagnosis
- • Final electrodiagnostic conclusions and report
- Bibliography
- Section 2. Treatment Techniques and Special Equipment
- 9. Rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration in upper limb amputation
- • Demographics, incidence, and prevalence (eSlide 9.1)
- • Nomenclature and functional levels of amputations (eSlide 9.2)
- • Principles of limb salvage and amputation surgery
- • Acute management: preamputation through early rehabilitation (eSlide 9.3)
- • Upper limb prostheses (eSlides 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15)
- • Advances in prosthetic technology
- Bibliography
- 10. Lower limb amputation and gait
- • Epidemiology
- • Amputation terminology
- • Rehabilitation implications of amputation level and surgical technique
- • Residual limb and skin care
- • Pain management
- • Psychological support
- • Preprosthetic phase rehabilitation considerations
- • Prosthetic training phase considerations
- • Functional classification
- • Essential elements of the prosthetic prescription
- Sockets
- Suspension
- Prosthetic interface options
- Prosthetic construction options (endoskeletal or exoskeletal)
- Prosthetic feet
- Prosthetic knees
- Prosthetic hip joints
- • Prosthetic prescription for partial foot amputation
- • Prosthetic prescription for ankle disarticulation (syme) amputations
- • Prosthetic prescription algorithm: transtibial
- • Knee disarticulation
- • Prosthetic prescription algorithm for transfemoral amputees
- • Hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy levels of amputation
- • Alternative socket designs
- • Energy consumption
- • Bilateral amputee considerations
- • Pediatric limb loss
- Fibular deficiencies, syme, and transtibial amputations
- Tibial deficiencies and knee disarticulation amputation
- Longitudinal deficiency of the femur, partial
- Amputation level and energy expenditure in congenital and acquired pediatric lower limb deficiencies
- Financial and vocational impacts of pediatric limb loss
- Future considerations
- • Normal human gait
- • Prosthetic gait deviations
- Bibliography
- 11. Upper limb orthosis
- • Principles and indications
- • Classification
- • Biomechanical and anatomic considerations (eSlide 11.1)
- • Diagnostic categories and orthotic devices
- Musculoskeletal conditions
- Neuromuscular conditions
- Orthosis for other injuries postsurgical and postinjury orthoses (eSlides 11.11, 11.12 and 11.13)
- Orthoses for burns (eSlide 11.14)
- • Pediatric applications (eSlide 11.15)
- • Special considerations
- • Orthotic materials
- • International considerations
- 12. Lower limb orthoses
- • Overview
- • Shoes (eSlide 12.1)
- • Foot orthoses (eSlide 12.2)
- • Common foot conditions
- Pes planus (flat foot)
- Pes cavus (high-arched foot)
- Forefoot pain (metatarsalgia)
- Heel pain
- Toe pain
- Leg length discrepancy
- Diabetic foot
- Knee osteoarthritis
- • Ankle-foot orthosis (eSlide 12.3)
- Metal AFO
- Plastic AFO
- Other types of AFO
- Effects of stops and stiffness control (eSlides 12.4 and 12.5)
- • Knee orthoses (eSlide 12.6)
- • Knee-ankle-foot orthoses (eSlide 12.7)
- • Ankle joints
- • Knee joints
- • Knee locks
- • Stance-control orthosis
- • Thigh and calf components
- • Hip orthosis
- • Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses
- • Specialty lower extremity orthoses
- • Orthotic checkout
- • Ambulation aids (eSlide 12.8)
- Canes
- Crutches
- Walker
- • Pediatric orthoses (eSlide 12.9)
- Pediatric orthoses for orthopedic conditions
- Orthoses for neuromuscular conditions
- 13. Spinal orthoses
- • History of spinal orthotic management (eSlide 13.1)
- • Terminology (eSlide 13.2)
- • Prefabricated or custom orthoses
- • Orthotic prescription
- • Spinal anatomy
- • Normal spine biomechanics
- • Description of orthoses
- Head cervicothoracic orthoses
- Cervical orthoses
- Cervicothoracic orthoses
- Cervicothoracolumbosacral orthoses
- Thoracolumbosacral orthoses
- Lumbosacral orthoses
- Sacroiliac orthoses
- Scoliosis
- • Emerging technology
- Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
- Bone stimulation (eSlide 13.15)
- Three-dimensional clinical ultrasound
- • Summary
- Bibliography
- 14. Wheelchair and seating systems
- • Elements of successful wheeled mobility device provision
- • Comprehensive assessment—clinical, functional, and environmental
- Clinical
- Functional
- Environmental
- • Ensuring optimal function, quality of life, and equipment performance
- Seating principles
- Prescription and funding
- Wheelchair fitting, delivery, and training
- Follow-up, maintenance, and repair
- • Assessment tools and outcome measures
- Anthropometrics
- Propulsion analysis (eSlide 14.1)
- Pressure analysis (eSlide 14.2)
- Wheelchair skills
- • Wheeled mobility devices
- Manual wheelchairs (eSlide 14.3)
- Anatomic dimensions (eSlide 14.5)
- Adjustments and customization
- • Wheelchair propulsion (see eSlide 14.1)
- • Wheelchair essentials—components and accessories (eSlide 14.9)
- Back supports (see eSlide 14.6)
- Wheelchair seating, cushions, and seating configurations (eSlide 14.10)
- Seating configurations (eSlide 14.11)
- Wheelchair-mounted accessories
- • Powered wheeled mobility device
- Power-assist wheelchairs (eSlide 14.12)
- Power wheelchairs (eSlide 14.13)
- Input methods and programmability (eSlide 14.14)
- Other powered wheeled mobility devices (eSlide 14.15)
- • Wheelchair performance
- • Wheelchair transportation (eSlide 14.16)
- • Special considerations for special clinical populations
- 15. Therapeutic exercise
- • Energy systems (eSlide 15.1)
- Adenosine triphosphate–creatine phosphate system
- Rapid glycolysis (lactic acid system)
- Aerobic oxidation system
- • Cardiovascular exercise
- Cardiorespiratory physiology
- • Exercise prescriptions
- • Medical clearance and preexercise evaluation
- • Muscle physiology (eSlide 15.5)
- Physiology of muscle contraction
- Types of muscle contraction and factors affecting muscle strength and performance (see eSlide 15.7)
- • Length–tension relationship
- • Torque–velocity relationship
- Effects of resistance training (eSlide 15.8)
- Exercise prescription
- • Progressive resistance exercise protocols
- • Flexibility (eSlide 15.9)
- Determinants of flexibility
- Methods of stretching
- • American college of sports medicine’s guidelines for exercise prescriptions for strength training and musculoskeletal flexibility
- Plyometrics
- Proprioception
- • Neurofacilitation techniques
- Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
- Brunnstrom techniques
- Bobath techniques
- • Exercise for special populations
- Physical inactivity and obesity
- Pregnancy (eSlide 15.12)
- Activity for older adults (eSlide 15.13)
- Children (eSlide 15.14)
- Diabetes mellitus (eSlide 15.15)
- Hypertension (eSlide 15.11)
- Peripheral vascular disease (see eSlide 15.11)
- Myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia (see eSlide 15.11)
- Organ transplantation (see eSlide 15.11)
- Bibliography
- 16. Manipulation, traction, and massage
- • Overview
- • Manipulation
- Overview of various types of manual medicine
- Normal and abnormal coupled spinal motion
- Somatic dysfunction
- Physiologic rationale for manual therapies
- Examination
- Assessment of fascia
- Types of manual medicine techniques
- Contraindications and side effects
- • Traction
- Types of traction
- Physiologic effects
- Indications, goals of treatment, and efficacy
- Contraindications
- • Massage
- Indications and goals of treatment
- Mechanical and physiologic effects
- Types of massage
- Evidence-based use of massage
- Contraindications
- • Conclusion
- Bibliography
- 17. Physical agent modalities
- • Cryotherapy (eSlides 17.1 and 17.2)
- Physiology
- Indications and contraindications
- Applications of cryotherapy
- • Superficial heat (eSlides 17.3, 17.4, and 17.5)
- Physiology
- Indications and contraindications
- Device and techniques
- • Deep heat (diathermy)
- Ultrasound (eSlides 17.6, 17.7, and 17.8)
- Shortwave (eSlides 17.9 and 17.10)
- Microwave
- • Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) (eSlide 17.11)
- Physics
- Indications
- Contraindications and precautions
- • Electrotherapy
- Physiology and mechanism of action
- • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
- Interferential current (eSlide 17.12)
- Iontophoresis
- Microcurrent
- Precautions and complications
- • Low-level laser therapy (eSlide 17.13)
- Physics and bioeffects
- Indications
- Contraindications and precautions
- • Whole body vibration therapy (eSlide 17.14)
- Mechanisms of action
- Indications and evidence basis
- Contraindications and precautions
- 18. Integrative medicine in rehabilitation
- • Whole medical systems (eSlide 18.1)
- • Mind and body practices
- Practices of the mind
- Movement therapies
- Biomechanical therapies
- • Natural products (eSlides 18.9 and 18.10)
- • Conclusion (eSlide 18.11)
- 19. Computer-assistive devices and environmental controls
- • Definition and overview of assistive technology (eSlide 19.1)
- • Overview of assistive technology devices (eSlide 19.2)
- Human-technology interface
- Direct selection
- Scanning or indirect selection
- Displays
- • Assistive technology for communication disorders (eSlide 19.3)
- Nonelectronic systems
- Electronic voice output systems: Digital speech
- Electronic voice output systems: Synthesized speech
- Portable amplification systems
- • Assistive technology for mobility impairments (eSlide 19.4)
- Upper body mobility devices
- Lower body mobility devices
- • Assistive technology for ergonomics and prevention of secondary injuries (eSlide 19.5)
- Electronic AIDS to daily living
- Home automation systems
- • Assistive technology for hearing impairments (eSlide 19.6)
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Other hearing technologies
- Environmental adaptations
- • Assistive technology for visual impairments (eSlide 19.7)
- Low-tech visual aids
- High-tech visual aids
- Environmental adaptations
- • Assistive technology for cognitive/learning disabilities (eSlide 19.8)
- Literacy technologies
- Prompting technologies
- • Selecting appropriate assistive technologies (eSlide 19.9)
- Abandonment
- Principles of clinical assessment
- Phase 1 assistive technology assessment
- Phase 2 assistive technology assessment
- Writing the assistive technology assessment report
- Physician responsibilities
- Funding assistive technology
- Bibliography
- Section 3. Common Clinical Problems
- 20. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
- • Neuroanatomy and physiology
- Receptors and neurotransmitters of lower urinary tract (eSlide 20.1)
- Lower urinary tract innervation (eSlide 20.2)
- Micturition reflex
- Lower urinary tract function
- Detrusor and sphincter muscle characteristics
- • Classification of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (eSlide 20.4)
- Evaluation of neurogenic bladder dysfunction
- Diagnostic testing for neurogenic bladder dysfunction (eSlide 20.5)
- Upper tract tests
- Lower tract tests (eSlide 20.6)
- Nonpharmacologic treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (eSlides 20.10 and 20.11)
- Pharmacologic treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (eSlide 20.12)
- Surgical treatments of neurogenic bladder dysfunction (eSlide 20.13)
- Differential diagnosis of neurogenic bladder dysfunction
- Complications of neurogenic voiding dysfunction (eSlide 20.14)
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- Hypercalciuria and stones (eSlide 20.15)
- 21. Neurogenic bowel: Dysfunction and rehabilitation
- • Epidemiology and impact of neurogenic bowel dysfunction
- • Neuroanatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract
- Enteric nervous system (eSlide 21.3)
- Relationship between the enteric nervous system and the spinal cord and brain
- Normal gastrointestinal tract motility and physiology (eSlide 21.4)
- Physiology of normal defecation
- • Pathophysiology of gastrointestinal dysfunction
- Upper motor neurogenic bowel (eSlides 21.6, 21.7, and 21.8)
- Lower motor neurogenic bowel
- History taking for neurogenic bowel
- Physical examination and diagnostic testing for neurogenic bowel
- • Management of neurogenic bowel
- Management of upper gastrointestinal impairments: Nausea, vomiting, bloating, and early satiety
- Management of diarrhea (see eSlide 21.5)
- Bowel program: the definitive management of defecation dysfunction: Constipation and fecal incontinence
- Management of upper motor neuron defecatory dysfunction
- Management of lower motor neuron defecatory dysfunction
- Progressive steps in a bowel habituation program
- Medications for constipation
- Physical interventions
- Surgical options
- • Complications
- • Conclusion
- 22. Sexual dysfunction and disability
- • Sexual response and behaviour
- Human sexual response
- Sexual behavior and aging
- • Types of sexual dysfunction
- • Sexual dysfunction in disability and chronic disease
- Spinal cord injury
- Stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and other neurologic disorders
- Cancer, chronic pain, rheumatologic disease, and amputation
- Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and depression
- • Sexual dysfunction related to medication use in individuals with disability
- • Evaluation of sexual dysfunction
- Sexual history taking
- Physical examination
- Diagnostic evaluation
- • Treatment of sexual dysfunction
- Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Erectile dysfunction
- Premature ejaculation
- Delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, and anorgasmia in men
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
- Female orgasmic dysfunction
- Genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder
- • Conclusion
- 23. Spasticity
- • Spasticity and the upper motor neuron syndrome
- • Epidemiology
- • Pathophysiology
- Maladaptive plasticity after central nervous system damage and spasticity
- Abnormal regulation of the stretch reflex
- Peripheral contributions
- • Clinical presentation, assessment, and goal setting
- Problem identification (history taking)
- Clinical assessment
- Goal setting
- • Management
- Nonpharmacologic
- Pharmacologic
- • Conclusion
- 24. Prevention and management of chronic wounds
- • Types of chronic wounds (eSlide 24.1)
- Physiology
- • Ischemic ulcers
- • Venous ulcers
- • Neuropathic ulcers
- • Pressure injury
- • Contaminated and infected wounds
- • Wound management
- Basics of wound management
- Wound cleansing
- Debridement
- Dressings
- Adjunct treatments
- Bibliography
- 25. Vascular diseases
- • Arterial diseases
- Vasculitic syndrome
- Arterial evaluation (eSlide 25.3)
- Imaging techniques
- Management (eSlide 25.8)
- Rehabilitation
- Intermittent pneumatic compression
- • Venous disease
- Venous thromboembolism
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Venous evaluation (eSlide 25.10)
- Management (eSlide 25.12)
- Elevation
- Intermittent pneumatic compression
- Exercise
- • Lymphatic disease (eSlide 25.13)
- Evaluation
- Imaging techniques
- Treatment of lymphedema (eSlide 25.14)
- Compression
- Elevation
- Exercise
- Vasopneumatic compression therapy
- Surgery
- • Conclusion
- Bibliography
- 26. Burns
- • Epidemiology of burn injuries
- • Acute physiatric assessment of the burned individual
- • Acute wound care and pain management (eSlides 26.5 and 26.6)
- • Acute surgical procedures in burn injuries (eSlide 26.7)
- • Other acute conditions treated in the burn center (eSlide 26.8)
- • Presence of inhalation injury and polytrauma (eSlides 26.9 and 26.10)
- • Catabolism and metabolic abnormalities (eSlide 26.11)
- • Nutrition and swallowing in burns (eSlide 26.12)
- • Peripheral neuropathies (eSlides 26.13 and 26.14)
- • Heterotopic ossification (eSlide 26.15)
- • Hypertrophic scarring, assessment, and measurement (eSlides 26.16, 26.17, and 26.18)
- • Burn scar pruritus (eSlide 26.19)
- • Contractures (eSlide 26.20)
- • Inpatient rehabilitation admission for burned individuals (eSlide 26.21)
- • Psychosocial adjustment (eSlides 26.22 and 26.23)
- • Community reintegration (eSlides 26.24 and 26.25)
- • Conclusion
- 27. Acute medical conditions
- • Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
- Basic terminologies for exercises
- • Interventions for cardiopulmonary disease
- Aerobic training
- Benefits of aerobic training
- • Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Abnormal physiology: Lung
- • Cardiac rehabilitation
- Abnormal physiology: Cardiac
- Basic principles of cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction
- Cardiac rehabilitation programs in specific conditions
- Cardiomyopathy
- Valvular heart disease
- High-intensity interval training
- Home-based rehabilitation
- • Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in specific conditions
- Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in physically disabled
- • Frailty
- Movement and function
- Frailty syndrome
- Frailty screening tools (eSlide 27.10)
- Canadian study on health and aging (CSHA) frailty index (rockwood index)
- Treatment considerations in critical care setting
- • Renal failure
- Consequences of impaired renal function
- Factors leading to fatigue and weakness in renal failure
- Rehabilitation for patients with renal transplantation
- • Pulmonary rehabilitation in coronavirus disease 2019
- 28. Chronic medical conditions: Pulmonary disease, organ transplantation, and diabetes
- • Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Treatment options in pulmonary disease
- Epidemiology
- Management options for individuals with severe lung disease and long-term outcomes
- Special considerations
- Rehabilitation in solid organ transplant recipients
- Renal transplantation
- Heart transplantation
- Lung transplantation
- Liver transplantation
- • Rehabilitation management of diabetes mellitus
- Prevention guidelines—lifestyle modifications
- Treatment guidelines and physiologic effects of exercise in T2DM
- Exercise prescription in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 29. Cancer rehabilitation
- • Cancer rehabilitation
- • Disease considerations
- Phases of cancer
- • Constitutional symptoms
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Impairments caused by tumor effects
- • Rehabilitation approaches
- Clinical considerations
- Rehabilitation of specific cancer populations
- Head and neck cancer
- • Precautions in cancer rehabilitation
- Modalities
- Cytopenias
- • Summary
- Bibliography
- 30. Geriatrics
- • Changes in the body with aging (eSlides 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, and 30.4)
- Muscle
- Bone
- Neurologic
- Cardiovascular and pulmonary
- Gastrointestinal
- Genitourinary
- Endocrine and skin
- Medication metabolism
- Gait
- • Evaluation of the elderly patient (eSlide 30.5)
- History taking and medication review
- Physical examination
- • Conditions and diseases in the elderly
- Frailty (eSlide 30.6)
- Disuse and immobilization
- Falls (eSlides 30.7 and 30.8)
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures (eSlide 30.9)
- Dementia and delirium (eSlides 30.10 and 30.11)
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus and parkinson disease (eSlide 30.12)
- Stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury (eSlide 30.13)
- Polypharmacy and medication management (eSlide 30.14)
- Nutrition
- Physical exercise (eSlide 30.15)
- Assistive devices, orthoses, and footwear
- Psychosocial support
- Modification of environment
- 31. Rheumatologic rehabilitation
- • Introduction to rheumatic disease
- Definition and causes (eSlide 31.1)
- Symptoms and signs
- Clinical examination (eSlide 31.2)
- Laboratory tests
- Image studies
- • Osteoarthritis
- Knee osteoarthritis
- Hip osteoarthritis
- Hand osteoarthritis
- Management of osteoarthritis
- • Rheumatoid arthritis
- Clinical characteristics
- Classification criteria
- Management of rheumatoid arthritis
- • Ankylosing spondylitis
- Epidemiology
- Clinical characteristics
- Laboratory tests
- Plain radiographic findings
- Diagnosis criteria
- Management of ankylosing spondylitis
- • Psoriatic arthritis
- Epidemiology
- Symptoms and signs (moll and wright)
- Radiologic findings
- Diagnosis criteria
- Treatment
- • Gout and other crystal-related arthropathy
- • Gout
- Symptoms and signs
- Diagnosis
- Management of acute gout
- Prophylaxis
- • Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Epidemiology
- Musculoskeletal manifestations
- Neuropsychiatric manifestations
- • Septic arthritis
- Cause
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Management
- • Rehabilitative management of rheumatic diseases
- Rehabilitation evaluation of patients with rheumatic diseases
- Patient education
- Improve or maintain functional mobility
- Exercise
- • Orthoses
- • Physical modality
- Rehabilitation intervention for knee or hip osteoarthritis
- Rehabilitation intervention for rheumatoid arthritis
- Rehabilitation intervention for ankylosing spondylitis
- Section 4. Issues in Specific Diagnoses
- 32. Common neck problems
- • Introduction and epidemiology
- • Neuroanatomy of the cervical spine (eSlides 32.1 and 32.2)
- • Common clinical disorders (eSlide 32.3)
- Cervical strain and sprain
- Cervical radiculopathy and radicular pain (eSlides 32.4, 32.5, 32.6, 32.7, 32.8, 32.9, and 32.10)
- Cervical joint pain (eSlides 32.11 and 32.12)
- Cervical internal disk disruption
- Cervical myelopathy and myeloradiculopathy (eSlides 32.13 and 32.14)
- Cervicogenic headaches (eSlide 32.15)
- Whiplash syndrome (eSlides 32.16 and 32.17)
- • Conclusion
- Bibliography
- 33. Low back disorders
- • Epidemiology and public health concerns
- • Anatomy and biomechanics of the lumbar spine
- • Pain generators of the lumbar spine
- Degenerative cascade
- Centralization and pain
- Psychosocial factors and low back pain
- • History and physical examination of the low back
- Imaging studies
- • Differential diagnosis and treatment: Back pain greater than leg pain
- Nonspecific low back pain
- Lumbar spondylosis
- • Treatment of low back pain
- Nonpharmacologic treatments
- Medications
- Injections and needle therapy for low back pain
- Multidisciplinary rehabilitation
- Treatment of comorbidities
- • Prognosis of low back pain
- • Spinal fractures
- Spondylolysis
- Spondylolisthesis
- Traumatic spinal fractures
- Cancer and low back pain
- Spinal infections
- Spondyloarthropathies
- • Differential diagnosis and treatment: Leg pain greater than back pain
- Lumbosacral radiculopathy
- Lumbar spinal stenosis
- Lumbar epidural steroid injections for the treatment of lumbar radicular pain
- Nonlumbar spine causes of radicular leg symptoms
- Joint disorders
- Soft tissue disorders
- Vascular disorders
- Peripheral nerve disorders
- • Low back pain in special populations
- Low back pain in pregnancy
- Pediatric low back pain
- 34. Osteoporosis
- • Bone structure and function
- • Pathogenesis and classification of osteoporosis (eSlide 34.1)
- • Clinical manifestation of osteoporosis (eSlides 34.2, 34.3, 34.4, and 34.5)
- • Diagnosis of osteoporosis (eSlides 34.6 and 34.7)
- • Management of osteoporosis (eSlides 34.8, 34.9, 34.10, 34.11, 34.12, 34.13, and 34.14)
- • Conclusion
- 35. Upper limb pain and dysfunction
- • Rehabilitation principles of upper limb injury (eSlide 35.1)
- • Muscoloskelatal problems of the upper limb
- Shoulder conditions
- Elbow conditions
- Forearm, wrist, and hand conditions
- 36. Lower limb pain and dysfunction
- • Disorders of the hip and groin
- Avascular necrosis (eSlide 36.1)
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
- Coxa saltans externa/interna
- Hip impingement and acetabular labral tears
- Hip dislocation
- Athletic pubalgia (eSlide 36.2)
- Rectus femoris avulsion and ischial avulsion injury
- Osteoarthritis of the hip (eSlide 36.3)
- • Disorders of the thigh and knee
- Iliotibial band syndrome
- Patellofemoral pain and related disorders
- Differential diagnosis of anterior knee pain
- Hamstring injuries
- Quadriceps femoris injuries (eSlide 36.6)
- Pes anserinus bursitis
- Intraarticular and ligament issues at the knee
- Osteochondritis dissecans
- Ligamentous injuries
- Meniscal injuries (eSlide 36.10)
- • Disorders of the lower limb, ankle, and foot
- Superficial posterior compartment injuries: Calf strain, achilles tendinopathy, and achilles tendon rupture
- Deep posterior compartment injuries: Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction, flexor hallucis overload, and medical tibial stress syndrome
- Tibial stress fracture (eSlide 36.12)
- Lateral compartment injuries: Peroneal tendinitis, tendinosis, tear, subluxation
- Anterior compartment injuries: Anterior tibial overload
- Ankle sprains: Lateral ankle sprains
- Osteochondral lesion of the talus
- Pain in the foot: Cuboid subluxation, metatarsal stress fracture, plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, and morton neuroma
- Bibliography
- 37. Chronic pain
- • Prevalence
- • Definitions
- • History
- • Physiology and pathophysiology of pain
- • Psychological issues related to chronic pain
- • Factors affecting the experience of pain
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Anger
- Cognitive factors
- Learning factors
- Sleep
- • Behavioral treatment approaches
- Operant behavioral techniques
- Cognitive behavioral techniques
- • Diagnostic categories common in patients with chronic pain
- • Assessment of pain
- • Treatment
- Pain treatment programs
- Physical therapy and occupational therapy
- Psychology and behavioral medicine
- Mind-body medicine
- • Medications
- Agents for neuropathic pain conditions
- 38. Pelvic floor disorders
- • Pelvic floor neuromusculoskeletal anatomy (eSlide 38.1)
- • Terminology
- • Pelvic floor physical examination
- • Types of pelvic floor dysfunction
- Urinary incontinence (eSlides 38.3 and 38.4)
- Urinary urgency and frequency (eSlide 38.5)
- Fecal incontinence (eSlide 38.6)
- Functional constipation (eSlide 38.7)
- Pelvic floor myofascial pain (eSlide 38.8)
- Pregnancy and postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction (eSlides 38.9 and 38.10)
- Pelvic nerve injuries (eSlides 38.11 and 38.12)
- • Overlap of pelvic floor disorders and chronic pelvic pain
- Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (eSlide 38.13)
- Endometriosis (eSlide 38.13)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (eSlide 38.14)
- Vulvodynia (eSlide 38.14)
- • Conclusion
- 39. Sports medicine and adaptive sports
- • Role of the team physician
- Event administration
- • Principles of conditioning and training
- Periodization
- Overtraining syndrome
- Altitude training
- • Injury prevention and rehabilitation
- Kinetic chain assessment (eSlide 39.2)
- Prehabilitation
- Injury phases and stages of rehabilitation (eSlide 39.3)
- • Biomechanics of sports
- Throwing (eSlide 39.4)
- Running (eSlide 39.6)
- Swimming
- Jumping and landing
- • Pharmacology in sports
- Performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (eSlide 39.7)
- • Preparticipation examination
- • Emergency assessment and care
- Sudden cardiac arrest in athletes (eSlide 39.9)
- Exercise-associated collapse and hyponatremia in athletic endurance events (eSlide 39.10)
- Heat exhaustion and heat stroke
- Cervical spine
- • Specific diagnoses in sports medicine
- Sports concussion (eSlide 39.11)
- Stingers
- Exercise-induced bronchospasm
- Anemia
- • Specific populations
- Female athletes
- Pediatric and adolescent athletes (eSlide 39.14)
- Older athletes (eSlide 39.15)
- • Adaptive sports medicine (eSlide 39.16)
- Classifications
- Adaptive sports equipment
- Injury patterns in adaptive sports medicine
- Injuries and complications by cause of disability
- • Wheelchair athlete
- • Thermoregulation
- • Autonomic dysreflexia
- • Skin breakdown
- • Heterotopic ossification
- • Spasticity
- • Osteoporosis
- • Orthostatic hypotension
- • Limb-deficient athletes
- • Skin disorders
- • Neuroma
- 40. Motor neuron diseases
- • Classification (eSlide 40.1)
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (eSlide 40.2)
- Primary lateral sclerosis
- Progressive muscular atrophy
- Regional amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-plus syndrome
- Spinal muscular atrophy
- X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease)
- Poliomyelitis and post poliomyelitis syndrome
- Hirayama disease
- Rare or less well-defined etiologies of motor neuron disease
- • Diagnostic evaluation
- History
- Physical examination
- Laboratory studies
- Electrodiagnosis
- Diagnosis and criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (eSlides 40.8 and 40.9)
- • Treatment
- General
- Medications
- Rehabilitation
- Exercise
- Management of disease-related impacts
- • Prognosis and end of life (eSlides 40.12 and 40.13)
- • Conclusion (eSlide 40.15)
- 41. Neuropathies
- • Classification of neuropathies (eSlides 41.1 and 41.2)
- • Diagnosis of mononeuropathies (eSlide 41.3)
- Brachial plexopathy (eSlide 41.4)
- Median mononeuropathies (eSlide 41.5)
- Ulnar mononeuropathies (eSlide 41.6)
- Radial mononeuropathies (eSlide 41.7)
- Lumbosacral plexopathies (eSlide 41.8)
- Femoral neuropathy (eSlide 41.8)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy (eSlide 41.8)
- Obturator neuropathy (eSlide 41.8)
- Fibular (peroneal) mononeuropathies (eSlide 41.9)
- Tibial and plantar mononeuropathy (eSlide 41.9)
- Sural mononeuropathy (eSlide 41.10)
- Sciatic mononeuropathy (eSlide 41.10)
- Lower abdominal neuropathies (eSlide 41.10)
- • Evaluation of generalized neuropathies
- History (eSlide 41.11)
- Physical examination (eSlide 41.12)
- Electrodiagnostic studies (eSlide 41.13)
- • Complications of neuropathies (eSlide 41.14)
- Foot complications
- Pain
- Functional impairment
- • Specific neuropathies
- Diabetic neuropathies (eSlide 41.15)
- Guillain-barré syndrome (eSlide 41.16)
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (eSlide 41.17)
- Infectious neuropathies (eSlide 41.18)
- Toxic neuropathies (eSlide 41.19)
- Vasculitic and connective tissue disease neuropathies (eSlide 41.20)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (eSlide 41.21)
- 42. Myopathic disorders
- • Clinical and diagnostic evaluation in myopathic disease (eSlide 42.1)
- Physical examination
- Diagnostic workup
- Electrodiagnostic studies
- • Specific myopathies
- Muscular dystrophies
- Distal inherited muscular dystrophies
- Dystrophic myotonias (eSlides 42.9 and 42.10)
- Congenital myopathies (eSlides 42.11 and 42.12)
- Core myopathies
- Nondystrophic myotonias (eSlide 42.13)
- Metabolic myopathies (eSlide 42.14)
- • Disorders of glycogen metabolism
- McArdle disease
- Pompe disease/acid maltase deficiency (glycogenosis type II)
- • Disorders of lipid metabolism
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Carnitine deficiency
- • Mitochondrial myopathies (eSlide 42.15)
- Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers
- Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes
- Progressive external ophthalmoplegia
- Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy
- • Specific acquired myopathies (eSlide 42.16)
- Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
- Dermatomyositis
- Antisynthetase syndrome
- Polymyositis
- Necrotizing autoimmune myositis
- Inclusion body myositis
- • Acquired metabolic myopathies
- Endocrine myopathies
- Toxic myopathies
- Infectious myopathy
- Critical illness myopathy
- • General rehabilitation principles in myopathic disorders (eSlides 42.17, 42.18, and 42.19)
- Overview
- Oral care
- Swallowing
- Nutrition
- Cognitive
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Contractures
- Spine care
- Interventions
- • Conclusions and future directions
- 43. Traumatic brain injury
- • Severity and epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (eSlide 43.1)
- Severity
- Epidemiology
- • Pathophysiology (eSlides 43.2, 43.3, and 43.4)
- Primary injury
- Secondary injury
- Chronic degeneration, repair, and regeneration process
- • Management of traumatic brain injury
- Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion)
- Severe traumatic brain injury
- Management of patients with disorders of consciousness (eSlide 43.5)
- • Inpatient rehabilitation
- Medical rehabilitation evaluation, complications, and management
- • Cognition after traumatic brain injury
- Cognitive deficits
- Clinical neuropharmacology treatment
- Role of the neuropsychologist in inpatient rehabilitation
- The purpose of the inpatient neuropsychological assessment
- Practical interventions for cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury (eSlide 43.9)
- • Behavioral, emotional, and mood issues
- Agitation (eSlide 43.10)
- Hypoarousal and sleep disturbance
- Depression
- Posttraumatic stress disorder
- • Other issues
- Vestibular dysfunction
- Visual/perceptual dysfunction
- • Neurodegenerative disorders in chronic traumatic brain injury
- • Exercise and traumatic brain injury
- • Pediatric traumatic brain injury
- • Acute prognostic indicators of outcome
- • Neuroimaging modalities in traumatic brain injury research (eSlide 43.11)
- • Traumatic brain injury outcome tools
- • Other services
- • Prevention
- 44. Stroke syndromes
- • Introduction
- • Types of strokes
- Basic neuroanatomy (eSlides 44.1, 44.2, and 44.3)
- Major artery clinical syndromes (eSlide 44.4)
- Lacunar stroke syndromes (eSlide 44.5)
- Posterior cerebral artery syndrome and brainstem syndromes (eSlide 44.6)
- Cerebellar syndromes (eSlide 44.7)
- • Initial management
- • Complications of stroke (eSlide 44.8)
- Neurologic complications
- Venous thromboembolism
- Pulmonary complications
- Cardiovascular complications
- Pain
- • Rehabilitation: Treatment of stroke sequelae
- Functional assessment
- Cognitive speech treatment
- Dysphagia and nutrition
- Sensory impairment
- Spasticity
- Activities of daily living
- Mobility
- Bladder/bowel
- Sexual dysfunction
- Transition to home and community
- • Prognosis (eSlides 44.11, 44.12, 44.13, and 44.14)
- Outcome measures
- Initial presentation prediction
- Time frames for recovery
- Recovery thresholds/individual impairments
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- 45. Degenerative movement disorders of the central nervous system
- • Degenerative movement disorders of the central nervous system (eSlide 45.1)
- • Summary
- 46. Multiple sclerosis
- • Pathogenesis
- • Immunology
- • Epidemiology
- • Genetic linkage
- • Environmental factors
- • Other factors
- • Costs
- • Subtypes
- • Diagnosis
- • Clinical decision making
- • Pharmacologic management
- • First-generation disease-modifying therapies
- Interferon beta
- Glatiramer acetate (GA)
- • Oral therapies
- Fingolimod
- Teriflunomide
- Dimethyl fumarate
- • Intravenous therapies
- Natalizumab
- Mitoxantrone
- Alemtuzumab
- Ocrelizumab
- • Rehabilitation, exercise, and symptom management
- Physical activity
- Gait impairment
- Inpatient rehabilitation
- Fatigue
- • Sleep disorders
- • Mood disorders
- • Thermoregulation
- • Spasticity
- • Pain
- • Neurogenic bladder
- • Neurogenic bowel
- • Sexual dysfunction
- • Cognitive impairment
- • Swallowing
- • Pseudobulbar affect
- • Scientific evidence supporting rehabilitation for MS
- • Pediatric MS
- • MS in pregnancy
- • Summary
- 47. Cerebral palsy
- • Epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors
- • Classification
- • Diagnosis
- • Functional prognosis
- • Medical management
- Feeding, growth, and nutrition
- Pulmonary
- Neurologic issues
- Genitourinary
- Gastrointestinal
- Musculoskeletal pain and osteopenia
- • Therapeutic management
- Childhood disabilities and education
- Therapy interventions
- Durable medical equipment
- • Management of hypertonia
- Oral medications
- Focal interventions
- Intrathecal baclofen therapy
- Deep brain stimulation
- Selective dorsal rhizotomy
- • Orthopedic management
- Hips
- Lower limbs
- Upper limb
- Spine
- • Complementary and alternative medicine
- • Transition to adulthood and aging with cerebral palsy
- 48. Myelomeningocele and other spinal dysraphisms
- • Background
- • Epidemiology
- Incidence and prevalence
- Risk factors/etiology (eSlide 48.3)
- Genetic factors
- • Embryology (eSlides 48.4, 48.5)
- • Prenatal diagnosis and management
- Intrauterine surgical procedures
- • Neonatal and early management
- Back defect
- Early bladder management
- Assessment of the neurologic level
- Treatment/therapy
- • Childhood management
- Shunts for hydrocephalus (eSlide 48.6)
- Arnold-Chiari II (A-C II) malformations (eSlide 48.7)
- Hydromyelia (eSlide 48.7)
- Tethered cord syndrome (eSlide 48.8)
- Neurogenic bladder
- Neurogenic bowel
- Latex allergy
- Endocrine disorders
- • Musculoskeletal considerations (eSlides 48.9, 48.10)
- Hips
- Knees
- Feet
- Spine
- Fractures
- Mobility
- Orthoses
- • Skin breakdown
- • Obesity
- • Psychological and social issues
- Cognitive function
- Behavior (eSlide 48.13)
- • Myelomeningocele in adults
- • Transition to adult health care
- General issues, health, and participation (eSlide 48.14)
- Late neurologic changes
- Late musculoskeletal considerations
- Renal and urologic damage
- Fertility, sexuality, and reproductive issues
- Educational issues, vocational issues, and independent living
- Palliative care and neural tube defects
- Bibliography
- 49. Spinal cord injury
- • Epidemiology
- Neurologic level and extent of neurologic deficits
- Life expectancy, morbidity, and causes of death
- • Anatomy, mechanics, and syndromes of traumatic injury
- Pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury
- Spinal mechanics and stability
- • Classification of spinal cord injury
- • Nontraumatic spinal cord injury
- Neoplastic causes of spinal cord injury
- Infectious and inflammatory causes of spinal cord injury
- Vascular causes of spinal cord injury
- • Outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury
- • Acute phase of injury
- Prehospital care
- Surgical management
- • Rehabilitation phase of injury
- Reconstructive surgery of the upper limbs
- • Chronic phase of injury
- Adjustment to disability and quality of life
- Late neurologic decline
- • Secondary conditions
- Pulmonary system
- Vascular system
- Calcium metabolism and osteoporosis
- Gastrointestinal system: Bowel management
- Genitourinary system
- Sexuality and fertility
- Pressure injuries
- • Pain
- Nociceptive pain
- Spasticity
- Musculoskeletal conditions
- 50. Auditory, vestibular, and visual impairments
- • Auditory impairments
- • Anatomy and physiology of the auditory system
- • Examination of the auditory system
- Degree of hearing loss
- Types of hearing loss
- Objective auditory tests
- • Acquired hearing impairments
- • Red flags: warning of ear disease
- • Auditory rehabilitation
- • Vestibular impairments
- • Anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system
- • Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential
- • Risk factors, comorbidities, and epidemiology of vestibular disorders
- • Vestibular rehabilitation
- Habituation
- Vestibuloocular reflex adaptation
- Sensory substitution
- Canalith repositioning treatment for BPPV
- • Visual impairments
- • Anatomy and physiology of vision
- Risk factors for vision impairment
- Vision assessment
- Vision rehabilitation
- • Conclusion
- Index
- No. of pages: 496
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: December 17, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323930543
- eBook ISBN: 9780323931069
DC
David Cifu
David Cifu is an American physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator. He is the Associate Dean for Innovation and System Integration in the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, the chairman and Herman J. Flax M.D. Professor of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Virginia Commonwealth University, staff physiatrist at the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, founding director of the VCU-Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering and senior TBI specialist in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Dean of Innovation and System Integration and Eminent Scholar; Herman J. Flax, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Senior Consultant, Sheltering Arms Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Senior TBI Specialist, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Researcher, Central Virginia Veteran’s Healthcare System; Principal Investigator, (LIMBIC-CENC), Richmond, Virginia, USAHL
Henry L. Lew
Henry L. Lew is Professor and Director of Rehabilitation Medicine Education, Office of Medical Education, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Adjunct Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Director of Rehabilitation Medicine Education, Office of Medical Education, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Adjunct Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA