Biotechnology Applications in Forestry

Forest Microbiology Volume 4

1st Edition - January 20, 2025
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Fred O Asiegbu, Andriy Kovalchuk
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 9 0 3 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 9 0 4 - 7

Biotechnology Applications in Forestry: Forest Microbiology, Volume Four in the Forest Microbiology series, is a comprehensive exploration of harnessing the unique attributes of th… Read more

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Biotechnology Applications in Forestry: Forest Microbiology, Volume Four in the Forest Microbiology series, is a comprehensive exploration of harnessing the unique attributes of the microbes in the forest biome and their tree hosts. The book introduces the basics of genomics, applied bioinformatics and next generation sequencing, providing a firm foundation before moving to specific approach, application and use chapters. Further sections explore opportunities through the use of genetics to expand or improve on many of these positive attributes of forest trees and associated organisms, including adaptation to climate change as well as resilience to biotic and abiotic stressors.

Novel techniques and current advances in the application of modern biotechniques in tree health protection, mushroom technology, biological control, biochar, bioenergy, Isolate & strain selection, metabolic engineering and commercial application relevant for forest ecosystem are also addressed.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Section A: Basis of biotechnology
Chapter 1. Biotechnology: history, processes, and prospects in forestry
Abstract
1.1 Definition of biotechnology
1.2 History and development of traditional biotechnology
1.3 Milestones in modern biotechnology
1.4 Importance of forests and forest trees
1.5 Biotechnology potentials in forestry
1.6 Biotechnology applications and potentials of forest microbes
1.7 Prospects and constraints on biotechnology applications in forest trees
1.8 Forest science students in the biotechnology era
Exercises or study questions
References
Further reading
Chapter 2. Introduction to genomics
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic concepts
2.3 Evolution of genomes
2.4 Gene expression and the path from genotype to phenotype
2.5 Genomic information as key to advancement
2.6 From genotype to phenotype
2.7 Current challenges
Questions for students
References
Further reading
Chapter 3. Next-generation sequencing: principles and technical considerations
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 First-generation sequencing
3.3 Second-generation sequencing
3.4 Third-generation sequencing
Exercises and study questions
References
Chapter 4. Introductory applied bioinformatics
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Omics in forest microbiology
4.3 Omics for molecular tree–pathogen interactions in forests
4.4 Bioinformatics tools and software for tree–pathogen interactions
4.5 Omics analytical methodologies
4.6 Roles of artificial intelligence
4.7 Applied bioinformatics for forestry
4.8 Roles of bioinformatics in climate change for sustainable forestry
4.9 Future directions and open questions in forestry bioinformatics
4.10 Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process
References
Chapter 5. How to conduct phylogenetic analysis with molecular data
Abstract
5.1 Choosing the right genetic markers and taxa
5.2 Data quality
5.3 Selecting an outgroup
5.4 Sequence alignment
5.5 Annotating and trimming alignment
5.6 Substitution model selection
5.7 Tree construction
5.8 Tree editing
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Section B: Biocontrol
Chapter 6. Entomopathogenic fungi: harnessing nature’s biocontrol agents for sustainable forest pest management
Abstract
6.1 Introduction of entomopathogen
6.2 Classification of entomopathogenic fungi
6.3 Mechanisms of infection
6.4 Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi
6.5 Development of mycoinsecticide
6.6 Mass production
6.7 Formulation
6.8 Entomopathogenic fungi products
6.9 General conclusion
6.10 Exercises or study questions
References
Chapter 7. Microbial control in forestry
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fungi
7.3 Bacteria
7.4 Viruses
7.5 Risks to be considered
7.6 Practical issues
Exercises or study questions
References
Chapter 8. Use of interfering RNA strategies and phages for the control of forest pathogens, pests and diseases
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 RNA interference in forest pathogens and pests
8.3 dsRNA delivery techniques in forest trees for gene silencing
8.4 Application of RNAi in forest pathogen control
8.5 Application of RNAi in forest pest control
8.6 Limitations of RNAi-based technologies in forestry
8.7 Bacteriophages for the control of bacterial pathogens in forests
8.8 Conclusions and future prospects
Questions
References
Chapter 9. Low-risk pesticides in the EU: economic and regulatory considerations for agriculture and forestry
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current approval process for low-risk pesticides
9.3 The economic implication of the regulation
9.4 Economic model
9.5 Discussion and conclusion
Exercises or study questions
Appendix
References
Section C: Biofertilizers & soil fertility
Chapter 10. Nitrogen-fixing organisms
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Biological nitrogen fixation
10.3 Types of nitrogen fixers
10.4 Ecology of nitrogen fixers
10.5 Commercial and practical applications of nitrogen-fixing organisms in forestry
10.6 Future prospectives
Questions for students
References
Chapter 11. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in forests and agroecosystems
11.3 The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in forest biomes
11.4 Applications of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in forestry and restoration of degraded lands
11.5 Final remarks
Questions
References
Chapter 12. Biochar in forestry
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biochar properties
12.3 Biochar as a soil amendment in forests
12.4 Biochar as a forest growth enhancer
12.5 Biochar and climate change mitigation potential
12.6 Biochar as water protection method in forestry
12.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
Questions
References
Section D: Bioremediation
Chapter 13. Innovative approaches in phytoremediation research
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The position and role of phytoremediation in climate change and biodiversity loss
13.3 Microbes in phytoremediation
13.4 Biochar in phytoremediation
13.5 Modeling of phytoremediation
13.6 AI in environmental disciplines including phytoremediation
13.7 Business models to aid sustainable phytoremediation
13.8 Conclusions on the use of phytoremediation in the new millennia
Study questions
References
Further reading
Section E: Non-wood forest products
Chapter 14. Filamentous fungi in biotechnology
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Filamentous fungi in food industry
14.3 Filamentous fungi in pharmaceutical industry
14.4 Filamentous fungi in enzyme industry
14.5 Other biotechnical applications of filamentous fungi
14.6 Future perspectives
14.7 Study questions for students
References
Chapter 15. Medicinal plants and trees: methods of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds with emphasis on some selected African medicinal plants
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Some selected African medicinal plants and trees
15.3 Methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and trees
15.4 Structure elucidation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and trees
15.5 Conclusion
Questions for students
References
Chapter 16. Medicinal properties of wild and cultivated mushrooms from the tropics: Malaysia as a case study
Abstract
16.1 Mushrooms in Malaysian forest
16.2 Culinary
16.3 Medicinal uses
16.4 Domestication of wild mushrooms with medicinal properties
16.5 Nutritional values of wild versus cultivated mushrooms
16.6 Factors influencing nutritional variations
16.7 Nutritional variations between wild and cultivated Lignosus species
16.8 Safety assessment: mitigating mushroom toxicity risks
16.9 Biopharmacological properties: wild versus cultivated medicinal mushrooms
16.10 The potential of Tiger Milk mushroom TM02 for health and wellness
Acknowledgment
Exercises or study questions
References
Section F: Industrial forest biotechnology
Chapter 17. Novel wood-based biomaterials
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Cellulose-based novel materials
17.3 Wood hemicelluloses
17.4 Lignin and its biocomposites
17.5 Biohybrid materials
17.6 Future perspectives
References
Chapter 18. Biopulping, biobleaching, and deinking
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Cellulose-degrading enzymes
18.3 Hemicellulase
18.4 Ligninolytic enzymes
18.5 Other co-enzymes
18.6 Obstacles in the biopulping process
18.7 Conclusions and future perspectives
Exercises or study questions
Funding
References
Section G: Tree biotechnology
Chapter 19. Tree population genomics
Abstract
19.1 Background: key problems and questions
19.2 Genetic diversity in natural populations
19.3 Association analysis
19.4 Population epigenomics
19.5 Phylogenomics
19.6 Genomic selection
19.7 Conservation genomics
Study questions
References
Further reading
Chapter 20. Genetically modified trees (concept, principles, and applications)
Abstract
20.1 Introduction to genetically modified trees
20.2 Genetic engineering tools for trees
20.3 Regeneration and propagation of transgenic trees
20.4 Targets for genetic engineering in trees
20.5 Environmental and societal challenges
20.6 Prospects and innovations
20.7 Conclusions
Study questions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 21. Somatic embryogenesis: concept, principles, and applications
Abstract
21.1 Introduction to vegetative propagation
21.2 Somatic embryogenesis as vegetative propagation method
21.3 Benefits of somatic embryogenesis
21.4 Examples of application of somatic embryogenesis in forest trees
21.5 Challenges in somatic embryogenesis applications and how to solve them
Exercises and study questions
References
Chapter 22. Regulatory considerations for the release of genetically modified trees
Abstract
22.1 Introduction and regulatory framework for the authorization of genetically modified trees
22.2 Risk assessment considerations
22.3 International regulation of GM trees
22.4 Future perspective on regulation of GM trees
22.5 The European Commission proposal for a regulation of plants obtained by new genomic techniques
References
Chapter 23. Climatic and stress memory in trees - and how to study it
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Epigenetic mechanisms and how they can be studied
23.3 Studying epigenetics in trees: challenges and approaches
23.4 Memory of biotic stress: priming of inducible defenses
23.5 Climatic memory and memory of other abiotic cues
23.6 Incorporating biotechnology and epigenetic memory into forestry
23.7 Conclusions
Exercises or study questions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Chapter 24. Remote sensing approaches for assessing and monitoring forest health
Abstract
24.1 Definitions of forest health
24.2 Introduction to remote sensing of forest health
24.3 Fundamentals of remote sensing
24.4 Physical features of electromagnetic energy
24.5 Remote sensing platforms
24.6 Spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions in remote sensing
24.7 Forest disturbance types
24.8 Field data—the gold standard
24.9 Mapping forest disturbances based on structural changes
24.10 Mapping forest disturbances based on changes in reflectance
24.11 Early detection of bark beetle outbreaks
24.12 Tree health mapping using drone-based multispectral imagery—a case study
Study questions
References
Chapter 25. Artificial intelligence in forest management and tree health protection
Abstract
25.1 Introduction to machine learning
25.2 Current machine learning methods for forests
25.3 ML cookbook for forest management and tree health protection
25.4 Future work
Study Questions
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Biotechnology Applications in Forestry

Forest Microbiology Volume 4

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Fred O Asiegbu

Andriy Kovalchuk

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