Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Soils

Soil Health Conservation for Improved Ecology and Food Security

1st Edition - May 8, 2024
Editors: Prasann Kumar, Veena Chaudhary, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Rosa Busquets, Arun Lal Srivastav
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 9 3 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 9 9 4 - 9

Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Soils: Soil Health Conservation for Improved Ecology and Food Security deals with current challenges of sustainable soil health us… Read more

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Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Soils: Soil Health Conservation for Improved Ecology and Food Security deals with current challenges of sustainable soil health using eco-friendly approaches. This book provides ways of reducing the chemical burden on the soil by maintaining balance in terms of society, environment, and economy, which are considered basic pillars of sustainability.

Designed to highlight soil health best practices for both environmental and agricultural sustainability, these approaches are also considered important for improving global food security by ensuring safe growing conditions for crops for food and feed. Presented in two parts, this book first highlights emerging contaminants and their sources. The second part explores a variety of steps and tools for addressing contaminated soils, including bio- and phytoremediation options. Case studies in each part provide real-world insights for practical application.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Chapter 1. Exponential population growth and global food security: challenges and alternatives
Abstract
Chapter outline
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Literature review
1.3 Conclusions and recommendation
References
Chapter 2. Agricultural soil contamination due to industrial discharges: challenges for public health protection and food security
Abstract
Chapter outline
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Inorganic chemical contaminants
2.3 Remediation technologies of heavy metal-contaminated soils
2.4 Challenge to food security, policy responses, and future perspectives
2.5 Conclusions and recommendations for policy making for future soil use
References
Chapter 3. Traditional approaches of agriculture soil remediation: boon or bane for global food security
Abstract
Chapter outline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Soil contamination and remediation
3.3 Soil contamination: a threat to future food security
3.4 Traditional approaches for remediation of contaminated soil
3.5 General remediation process
3.6 Bioremediation
3.7 Composting/vermiremediation
3.8 Vermiremediation—boon or bane for food security
3.9 Landfarming
3.10 Chemical treatment
3.11 Physical treatments
3.12 Soil capping—a boon or bane
3.13 Thermal desorption/heat treatment
3.14 Green remediation for soil remediation
3.15 Soil security about food and nutrition security
References
Chapter 4. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioremediation mechanisms by nonligninolytic fungi: a multiscale approach
Abstract
Chapter outline
4.1 Mechanisms involved in the mycoremediation of PAH by nonligninolytic telluric fungi
4.2 Methods of study
4.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Phenolic compounds: a significant threat to agricultural soils
Abstract
Chapter outline
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structures and classification
5.3 Applications of phenols and phenolic compounds
5.4 Sources
5.5 Effect of phenolic compounds on soil
5.6 Degradation of phenolics compound in soil
5.7 Transport and negative impacts of phenolic compounds in the environment
5.8 Effects of environmental changes on phenolic compounds
5.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Pharmaceutical compounds: a recent threat to agricultural soils (sources, transport, and negative impacts on the crop’s quality and other adjacent ecosystems)
Abstract
Chapter outline
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Personal care products and cosmetics
6.3 Pathways and primary sources of pharmaceutical compounds in soil and groundwater
6.4 Analytical techniques
6.5 Risk and associated impact of soil contaminated with pharmaceuticals
6.6 Case study
6.7 Conclusions and prospects
References
Chapter 7. Sources of inorganic nonmetallic contaminants (synthetic fertilizers, pesticides) in agricultural soil and their impacts on the adjacent ecosystems
Abstract
Chapter outline
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fertilizers
7.3 Impact on ecosystems
7.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8. Sources of inorganic metallic contaminants (lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc.) in agricultural soil and their impacts on the adjacent ecosystems
Abstract
Chapter outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 General overview and classification of industrial emerged pollutants of soil
8.3 Heavy metal and metalloids
8.4 General outline of microbe-assisted bioaugmentation approaches (including merits and demerits)
8.5 Molecular overview of microbial consortia development towards accelerated bioaugmentation for recycling industrial pollutants from soil ecosystem
8.6 Microbial consortia for removal of DBP and DOP
8.7 Application of bioengineering in microbe-assisted bioaugmentation for industrial pollutants in soil
8.8 Conclusions and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9. Environmental threats posed by xenobiotics
Abstract
Chapter outline
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Xenobiotics and biodiversity loss: habitat degradation
9.3 Disruption of food webs
9.4 Endangerment of species
References
Chapter 10. Bioremediation of xenobiotic contamination in soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Categories of xenobiotics
10.3 Categories of xenobiotics based on their sources
10.4 Bioremediation: detoxification of contaminants
10.5 Methods and types of bioremediates
10.6 Bioremediation: basic categories
10.7 Artificial bioremediation
10.8 Biological treatment of micropollutants
10.9 Mechanisms of bioremediation
10.10 Factors affecting bioremediation
10.11 Advantages and disadvantages of bioremediation
References
Chapter 11. Transgenic plants as a source of xenobiotic remediation
Abstract
Chapter outline
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Metabolism of plants
11.3 Contamination uptake
11.4 Mechanisms of degradation
11.5 Steps in xenobiotic degradation
11.6 Transgenic plants for the detoxification of xenobiotics
11.7 Transgenic plants for stimulated phytodegradation/rhizodegradation of organic pollutants
11.8 Benefits of transgenic plants in xenobiotic remediation
11.9 Plant and microbial interaction
11.10 Endophytic organisms
11.11 Rhizosphere organisms
11.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12. Xenobiotic stress management by microbial endophytes
Abstract
Chapter outline
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Microbial endophytes: diversity and functions
12.3 Xenobiotics in the environment
12.4 Mechanisms of xenobiotic degradation by microbial endophytes
12.5 Endophyte–host plant interactions in xenobiotic stress
12.6 Ecological implications of endophyte-mediated stress mitigation
12.7 Applications in sustainable agriculture
12.8 Environmental remediation
12.9 Challenges and future prospects
12.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13. Case studies on emerging contamination of soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Objectives
13.3 Materials and methods
13.4 Results and discussion
13.5 Applications
13.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Bioremediation of metal-contaminated soil: comparison of microbial agents with plants
Abstract
Chapter outline
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cadmium uptake, translocation, and effects on the plant system
14.3 Cadmium toxicity in plants
14.4 Bioremediation of cadmium toxicity
14.5 Mechanism of mycoremediation
14.6 Remediation of cadmium toxicity by fungal species
14.7 Recent trends in fungal bioremediation
14.8 Myco-nanoparticles
14.9 Omics approach for fungal bioremediation
14.10 Biotechnological approach for bioremediation
14.11 Genome editing techniques
14.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15. Phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil using energy crops: soil health maintenance along with biofuel production
Abstract
Chapter outline
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Increasing the number and area of contaminated lands
15.3 Prerequisites of bioenergy sources
15.4 Phytoremediation
15.5 Fundamentals of phytoremediation
15.6 The possibilities of phytoremediation
15.7 Towards long-term phytoremediation
15.8 Phytoremediation with cultivation of energy crops
15.9 Dedicated and promising energy crops for phytoremediation with multiple benefits
15.10 Miscanthus species
15.11 Poplars species
15.12 Second generation of renewable energy plant hybrids
15.13 Phytoremediation and second-generation biofuels
15.14 Other potential energy crop species
15.15 Integrating energy crops with phytoremediation
15.16 During phytoremediation, a method for increasing the energy crop’s output during phytoremediation
15.17 The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms
15.18 Agrological methods
15.19 Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 16. Phytoremediation of phenolic compounds from soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Extraction and quantification of phenolic compounds
16.3 Degradation of phenolic compounds
16.4 Phytoremediation and allelopathy
16.5 Phytoremediation with laccase
16.6 Phytoremediation as a promising alternative technology
16.7 Phenomenolics and the decomposition of soil organic matter
16.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 17. Phytoremediation of pharmaceutical compounds in soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Types of pharmaceuticals in soil
17.3 Ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals in soil
17.4 Various processes to remove pharmaceuticals present in soil
17.5 Contaminant attenuation by various technologies
17.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18. Alternative natural options of synthesized agrochemicals
Abstract
Chapter outline
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Neuropeptide-derived insect growth regulators
18.3 Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 19. Role of enzymes in the optimization of traditional phytoremediation processes of soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
19.1 Phytoremediation of organic contaminants
19.2 Phytoremediation of inorganic contaminants
19.3 Microbial hydrolytic enzyme
19.4 Microbial lipases
19.5 Microbial cellulases
19.6 Microbial proteases
References
Further reading
Chapter 20. Optimized phytoremediation process for the sustainable management radionuclides
Abstract
Chapter outline
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Environmental behavior of radionuclides
20.3 Plant selection for radionuclide phytoremediation
20.4 Soil amendments and enhancements
20.5 Optimizing phytoremediation strategies
20.6 Challenges and future directions
20.7 Implementation and policy
20.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21. Role of indigenous knowledge in agricultural soil reclamation without disturbing other ecosystems
Abstract
Chapter outline
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Indigenous knowledge and its relevance in agriculture
21.3 Principles of indigenous soil reclamation
21.4 Indigenous strategies for soil reclamation
21.5 Case studies of successful indigenous soil reclamation
21.6 Integrating and harmonizing indigenous knowledge with modern agricultural techniques
21.7 Ethical and cultural considerations
21.8 Future directions and recommendations
21.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 22. Role of hyperaccumulators in the reduction of emerging industrial pollutants from soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Various types of pollutants
22.3 Sources of heavy metals in soils
22.4 Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils
22.5 Pollutant remediation strategies
22.6 Hyperaccumulators of heavy metals
22.7 Hyperaccumulators of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
22.8 Uptake mechanism of HMs and PAHs in hyperaccumulators
22.9 Strategies for increasing hyperaccumulation in plants for HMs and PAHs
22.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 23. Microbes-assisted bioaugmentation process in the reduction of emerging industrial pollutants from soil
Abstract
Chapter outline
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Emerging industrial pollutants: types, sources, environmental impacts, and persistence in soil ecosystems
23.3 Microbial bioaugmentation: harnessing microorganisms for sustainable soil remediation
23.4 Transitioning from experimental settings to real-world applications
23.5 Challenges and limitations of microbial bioaugmentation in soil remediation
23.6 Potential advancements in microbial bioaugmentation for soil remediation
23.7 Environmental and societal implications of microbial bioaugmentation
23.8 Regulatory framework and guidelines for microbial bioaugmentation in soil remediation
23.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 24. Application of genetically modified crops against metallic contaminations
Abstract
Chapter outline
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Metallic contaminants in agriculture: sources, types, pathways of contamination, and impact on agricultural systems
24.3 Genetically modified crops: principles and applications
24.4 Genetic modifications for heavy metal tolerance
24.5 Genetic modifications for heavy metal accumulation: metal accumulation in plants, engineering crops, and case studies
24.6 Environmental and ethical considerations
24.7 Future prospects and challenges
24.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 25. Crop rotation patterns and soil health management
Abstract
Chapter outline
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Factors affecting adoption of crop rotation practices
25.3 Roles of crop rotation practices
25.4 Agronomic impact of crop rotation
25.5 Benefits of diversified crop rotation
25.6 Barriers to diversified crop rotation adoption
25.7 Principles of crop rotation
25.8 Main plant families for crop rotation
25.9 Types of crop rotation
25.10 Approaches to crop rotation practices
25.11 Factors for maintaining proper soil health
25.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 26. Application of microphytes for soil reclamation
Abstract
Chapter outline
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Useful microalgae and their associated characteristics for agriculture
26.3 Soil microbial dynamics, activity, and diversity
26.4 Applications
26.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 27. Utilization of genetically modified weed plants against industrial contaminants: a promising tool of phytoremediation
Abstract
Chapter outline
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Background and context of industrial contaminants
27.3 Phytoremediation: an overview
References
Chapter 28. Case studies on management practices for emerging contamination of soil, challenges and future scope
Abstract
Chapter outline
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Biochar, enzymes, and nanotechnology for mitigating soil contaminants
28.3 Future scope and trends in reclamation strategies of soil contaminants
28.4 Conclusions
References
Index

Prasann Kumar

Dr. Prasann Kumar, assistant professor cum research intensive faculty in the Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural (ICAR-Accredited), Lovely Professional University, Punjab, specializes in stress physiology, plant tissue culture, physiology of plantmicrobe/pathogen interaction, and biodiversity management. Dr. Kumar has completed the International Agricultural Rural Development Programme from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States. He has received a doctorate from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. He also has authored 40 books published by national and international publishers, which find a place in national as well as various Overseas Institutions’ libraries. He has guided 19 MSc students for their thesis.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural (ICAR-Accredited), Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India

Veena Chaudhary

Prof. Veena Chaudhary is working as an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Meerut College, Meerut, affiliated with CCS University, Meerut. Dr. Chaudhary is deeply attached to chemistry, with a specialization in environmental chemistry. She has to her credit more than 50 research papers, 2 book chapters, and 20 abstracts. She received numerous awards, including a Young Scientist Award, a Fellow Scientist Award, and numerous others, for her contributions to the environmental field for the advancement of the social, welfare, and agricultural sectors. She is a life member of several scientific societies. She also visited abroad several times to attend international conferences and seminars for the purpose of gathering and sharing scientific knowledge. She is handling several research projects funded by DST, UP-CST, and higher education in Uttar Pradesh.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Uttar Pradesh, India

Eric D. van Hullebusch

Prof. Eric D. van Hullebusch is currently working as a full professor in biogeochemistry of engineered ecosystems at the Université Paris Cité and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (Paris, France). He has published more than 280 papers in scientific journals with peer review, has coedited 10 books, and is coauthor of more than 25 book chapters. His research activities are mainly focused on the three following topics: study of metals and metalloids biogeochemistry in engineered ecosystems (e.g. bioreactors) mainly dedicated to wastewater treatment for pollution control and resource recovery; investigation of the role of living organisms on the weathering of materials and minerals (concrete materials, natural and industrial glasses, metal sulfides, end of life products, WEEE and wastes such as metallurgical wastes for resource recovery, and so on); and remediation of soils contaminated by organic contaminants (bioremediation, enhanced soil physicochemical treatments, and so on).

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Biogeochemistry of Engineered Ecosystems, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe Biogeochimie a l'Anthropocene des Elements et Contaminants, Emergents (ACE), Paris, France

Rosa Busquets

Dr. Rosa Busquets is currently working as an Associate Professor in the School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health Science Social Care and Education, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road Campus, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom. She works toward pushing the barriers of analytical chemistry and achieving significant improvements in monitoring molecules of special environmental relevance. Rosa is a specialist in chromatography-mass spectrometry and in the analysis of complex matrices. She is particularly interested in environmental monitoring and remediation. She carries out research to remove contaminants that pose a major threat to ecosystems due to their toxicity and high mobility and can therefore contaminate fresh water and affect our health. Nanoparticles, pesticides, plastic degradation products, and pharmaceuticals are among these contaminants. xxx About the editors Kumar-BECS-

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer in Analytical and Forensic Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health Science Social Care and Education, Kingston University, UK

Arun Lal Srivastav

Dr. Arun Lal Srivastav is working as an Associate Professor at Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh in India. He is currently involved in the teaching of environmental science, environmental engineering, and disaster management to the undergraduate engineering students. His research interests include water treatment, river ecosystem, climate change, soil health maintenance, phytoremediation, and waste management. He has published around 91 research publication (as per SCOPUS) in various peer-reviewed, national and international journals, conferences, and books. He has also filed 25 patents on multidisciplinary topics. He is also working on four government-sponsored projects (worth ~16 million INR) on phytoremediation, adsorption, capacity building, organic farming, leachate treatment, agro-waste management, and so on.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India