
Bioregulators of Reproduction
- 1st Edition - December 2, 2012
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: David Jagiello
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 2 1 8 6 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 0 9 9 - 7
Bioregulators of Reproduction focuses on the biological regulators of reproductive processes. Discussions are grouped based on sex differentiation and determination, germ cell… Read more
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Bioregulators of Reproduction focuses on the biological regulators of reproductive processes. Discussions are grouped based on sex differentiation and determination, germ cell reproduction, gonadotropins, nonsteroidal gonadal hormones, in vitro fertilization, and post-fertilization. This text is organized into six sections and comprised of 31 chapters, beginning with a discussion on the most important regulatory mechanisms underlying reproduction. The reader is then methodically introduced to the role of the H-Y antigen in primary sex determination, H-Y antigenic determinants of human testis-organizing protein, and how H-Y antibodies confuse antigenic complexes with unaltered self or allo-MHC antigens. The cellular mechanisms of sexual differentiation of the brain, meiosis in female mammals, and interspecies comparisons in molecular reproductive biology are also considered. Other chapters explore the role of haplodins in the ovarian and extraovarian control of meiosis; the link between nucleoprotein transitions and chromatin changes during rat spermatogenesis; and gonadotropin secretion in primates. This book will be of interest to students and scientists in fields ranging from biology and neuroendocrinology to genetics, biochemistry, biophysics, pathology, and zoology.
List of Participants
Jacob Furth (1896-1979)
Preface
Opening Address
Reproductive Regulation
Text
References
Part I Sex Differentiation and Determination
H-Y Antigen in Primary Sex Determination
Introduction
Phylogenetic Conservatism of H-Y: A Testis-Inducing Function in Mammals
H-Y and Testicular Differentiation In Vivo
H-Y and Testicular Differentiation In Vitro
Biochemistry of H-Y
Summary
References
Associative Recognition of Testis-Organizing H-Y Antigen and Immunological Confusion
H-Y Antigenic Determinants on Human Testis-Organizing Protein
The Altered Self or Associative Recognition of H-Y Antigen by the Immune System
Confusion between Altered Self MHC and Unaltered Self or Allo-MHC
The Same VH Gene is Utilized Both by Τ Cell Receptor and Humoral Antibody Directed against the Same Antigen
Humoral H-Y Antibody Also Sees (H-Y + Altered MHC) Antigen Complexes
Summary
References
Cellular Aspects of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain
Introduction
Possible Modes of Steroid Action
Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Structure
Gonadal Hormones and Brain Development In Vitro
Possible Basis for Sexual Differentiation
The Possible Role of α-Fetoprotein
Sexual Differentiation of the Male and Female Brain
References
An Experimental Approach to Female Mammalian Meiosis: Differential Chromosome Labeling and an Analysis of Chiasmata in the Female Mouse
Materials and Techniques
Results
Discussion
Summary
References
Problems in Interspecies Comparisons in Studies in Molecular Reproductive Biology
Introduction
Ribosomal RNA Gene Organization and Quantitation during Oogenesis
Gene Expression during Early Mammalian Development
Specific Structural Components of Mammalian Oocytes
Concluding Comments
References
The Ovarian and Extraovarian Control of Meiosis: The Role of Haplodins
Introduction
Control of the Onset of Meiosis
The Rete Ovarii
Meiosis in the Mouse
The Rat Ovary
Time-Study Experiments in the Hamster
Haploidins
References
Part II Germ Cell Production
Production of Germ Cells and Regulation of Meiosis
Introduction
The Primordial Germ Cells: The Gonia
The Premeiotic Differentiation of the Germ Cells
Regulation of Meiosis
Concluding Remarks
References
Programming of Gene Expression during Mammalian Oogenesis
Introduction
Oogenesis in the Mouse
Gene Expression during Growth and Meiotic Maturation of Mouse Oocytes
Comparison of Gene Expression during Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis in the Mouse
Summary and Discussion
References
Association of Nucleoprotein Transitions with Chromatin Changes during Rat Spermatogenesis
Introduction
Chromatin Changes during Spermatogenesis
Basic Chromosomal Proteins of Spermatogenic Cells
Cell Separation Methods
Histones of the Meiotic Prophase
Possible Roles of Histone Transitions during Meiosis
Replacement of Histones during Spermiogenesis
Possible Roles of Spermatidal Basic Proteins
Conclusion
References
Interspecific Fertilization
Assessment of the Fertilizing Capacity of Human Spermatozoa
Chromosome Analysis of Human Spermatozoa
Other Applications of the Zona-Free Hamster Egg Technique
References
Meiosis, Synaptonemal Complex, and Cytogenetic Analysis
Introduction
The SC as a Paradigm of the Bivalent
New Insights into Synapsis
Prospects
References
The Structural and Functional Cycle of Sertoli Cells in Culture
Introduction
Isolation and Culture of Sertoli Cells
The Localization of ABP in Proliferating Rat Sertoli Cells in Culture
Hormonal and Cyclic Nucleotide Responsiveness of Sertoli Cells in Culture
Concluding Remarks
References
Meiotic Chromosomes of Mouse Spermatocytes: Identification of Bivalents, Lampbrush Organization, and Transcription Activities
Introduction
Preparative Procedures for the Electron and Light Microscopic Visualization of Meiotic Chromosomes
The Visualization of Autosomal and Sexual Bivalents in Whole-Mount Electron Microscopic Preparations
The Visualization of Transcription Activity in Lampbrush Chromosomes during Male Meiotic Prophase in the Mouse
Concluding Remarks
References
Part III Gonadotropins
The Brain and Gonadotropin Secretion in the Primate
Introduction
Estradiol, the Main Ovarian Hormone Feedback and Its Site of Action
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Its Role in Gonadotropin Secretion
GnRH-Estradiol Interrelationships and the Menstrual Cycle
Hypothalamic Sites and Gonadotropin Secretion
References
The Biosynthesis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Introduction
Precursor Hypothesis for Synthesis of Small Peptide Hormones
Identification of GnRH Precursors
Identification of GnRH mRNA
References
Structure of the Human Gonadotropin Genes
Introduction
In Vitro Translation of Placental mRNA
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Placental cDNA
Cloning of the cDNA for the Subunit of α hCG
Cloning of the cDNA for the Subunit of β hCG
Analysis of α and β Subunits of hCG cDNA Sequences
Evolution of the Genes for the Gonadotropins
Readthrough into the 3' Untranslated Region of the Gene
Isolation of the Gene Encoding the Common α Subunit
Polymorphism of the Sequences Coding for the α Subunit
Conclusions
References
Inhibition of Testicular and Ovarian Functions by LHRH Agonists
Introduction
Inhibition of Testicular Functions in the Rat by Treatment with LHRH Agonists
Inhibition of Ovarian Functions in the Rat by Treatment with LHRH Agonists
Inhibition of Testicular Steroidogenesis in Man by Treatment with an LHRH Agonist
Luteolytic and Antiovulatory Activity of LHRH Agonists in Women
References
TLCK-Binding Proteins in Freshly Harvested and Cultured Porcine Granulosa Cells
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Summary
References
Part IV Nonsteroidal Gonadal Hormones
Selective Suppression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone by Foiliculostatin: A Proposed Ovarian Hormone
Introduction
Administration of Follicular Fluid Suppresses Serum FSH
Characterization of Folliculostatin
Is Folliculostatin a Hormone?
References
In Pursuit of Physiological Inhibitors of and from the Ovary
Introduction
Folliculostatin
LH-RBI
References
Gonadostatins and Gonadocrinin: Peptides from the Gonads Regulating the Secretion of Gonadotropins
Introduction
Seminal Plasma Gonadostatin
Follicular Fluid Gonadostatin
Gonadocrinin
References
Dissociation of Luteal Progesterone and Relaxin Secretion: Modulation by Ovarian Factors
Introduction
Relaxin
Concluding Remarks
References
Part V In Vitro Fertilization
In Vitro Fertilization in the Treatment of Human Infertility
Introduction
Protocol for IVF and ET
Results
Discussion
References
Current Problems in In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Introduction
Indications
Conditions of Applicability of IVF-ET
Strategies for Oocyte Recovery and Their Results
Embryo Transfer
Quality Control Procedures
Evaluation of World Record and Safety of IVF-ET: What to Expect
Research Application of IVF, Not Involving ET
References
Factors Affecting Mammalian In Vitro Fertilization
Introduction
Physical Factors
Biochemical Factors
Quality of Sperm
References
Regulation of Epididymal Steroid Metabolizing Enzymes
Introduction
Differential Regulation of Epididymal Δ4-5α-Reductase and 3α-HSD
Developmental Pattern of Epididymal Δ4-5α-Reductase and 3α-HSD Activities
Longitudinal Distribution of Epididymal Δ4-5α-Reductase and 3α-HSD Activities
Speculations on the Regulation of Epididymal Δ4-5α-Reductase
Summary
References
Sperm-Egg Recognition and Binding in Mammals
Introduction
Sperm Capacitation
Acrosome Reaction and Its Relationship to Sperm Binding
Sperm Binding to the Zona Pellucida
Conclusion
Summary
References
Membrane-Bound Sperm-Specific Antibodies: Their Role in Infertility
Text
References
Part VI Post-Fertilization Phenomena
Regulation of Pronuclear Development
Introduction
Transformation of the Sperm Nucleus into a Male Pronucleus
Aspects Regulating the Metamorphosis of the Sperm Nucleus into a Male Pronucleus
Summary and Conclusions
References
Control of Cell Fate during Early Mouse Embryogenesis
Introduction
Are Blastomeres of the Early Mammalian Embryo Regulative or Mosaic?
Aggregation Experiments
Disaggregation Experiments
Reaggregation Experiments
The inside-outside Hypothesis
When Do Blastomeres Lose Their Lability?
Biochemical Studies on inside and Outside Cells
A Determinant Model
Discussion of the Model
References
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 2, 2012
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
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