Bioreactor Design Concepts for Viral Vaccine Production

1st Edition - May 12, 2024
Editors: Surajbhan Sevda, Sachin Kumar
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 3 7 8 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 5 3 7 9 - 2

Bioreactor Design Concepts for Viral Vaccine Production covers a range of interdisciplinary chapters from the engineering perspective of bioreactor design to the biotec… Read more

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Bioreactor Design Concepts for Viral Vaccine Production covers a range of interdisciplinary chapters from the engineering perspective of bioreactor design to the biotechnological perspectives of vector design for vaccine development. The book covers bioreactor concepts such as static systems, single-use systems, stirred tanks, perfusion, wave and packed-beds. It reviews options for efficient and economical production of human vaccines and discusses basic factors relevant for viral antigen production in mammalian cells, avian cells, and insect cells. This book will be a great resource for those interested in implemented novel bioreactor design or experimental schemes towards intensified or/and enhanced vaccine production.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1. Introduction of bioreactor
1. Introduction
2. History of industrial biotechnology
3. History of the first vaccine production
4. Bioreactor: Definition
5. Bioreactor design
6. Bioreactor for mammalian cells
7. Bioreactor for tissue engineering
8. Bioreactor for stem cells
9. Conclusion
Chapter 2. Applications of biochemical stoichiometry in biotechnology
1. Introduction
2. Stoichiometry and microbial energetics
3. Empirical formula for microbial cells
4. Substrate utilization and microbial cellular yield
5. Energetics and microbial growth
6. Conclusion
Chapter 3. Biochemical aspects of bioreactor operation for vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Vaccine manufacturing based on bioreactor
3. Development and process optimization of bioreactors for virus production
4. Increasing virus yield through process optimization
5. Conclusions
Chapter 4. Scale-up of cell-culture bioreactors
1. Introduction
2. Scale-up process
3. Types of bioreactors
4. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Vaccine and vaccine types
1. Introduction
2. Vaccine design in relation with immune response
3. Route of administration
4. Classification of vaccines
5. Next-generation vaccine development
6. A concept of reverse vaccinology
7. Conclusion and future direction
Chapter 6. Development of a new vaccine at the laboratory scale
1. Introduction
2. Conventional vaccine approaches
3. Next-generation vaccine approaches
Chapter 7. Animal cell culture in vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Why animal cell culture in vaccine production?
3. Vaccine production origin and history
4. Application of cell culture in vaccine production
5. Bioreactor types for animal cell culture
6. Conclusions
Chapter 8. Characterization of cultured animal cells
1. Introduction
2. Importance of cell culture characterization
3. Origin of the cell line
4. Source and history of cultured cells
5. Cell characterization
6. Cell culture monitoring
7. Conclusion
Chapter 9. Bioreactor design for vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Problems with old technologies
3. Advantages of modern bioreactors
4. Types of bioreactors for viral vaccine production
5. Latest developments in reactor design
6. Specific applications
7. Commercial bioreactors
8. Machine learning-based bioreactor engineering for vaccine production
9. Conclusion
Chapter 10. An overview of downstream processing in biologics
1. Introduction
2. General approach of upstream and downstream operations in monoclonal antibody manufacturing
3. Primary clarification steps
4. Purification by chromatography
5. Virus removal/inactivation method
6. Final purification and polishing step
7. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Vaccine against RNA viruses
1. Introduction
2. Human immunodeficiency virus
3. Ebola virus
4. Nipah virus
5. SARS-CoV-2 virus
6. Conclusion
Chapter 12. Vaccines against DNA viruses
1. Understanding the immune response
2. Types of immunization
3. Vaccine against human hepatitis B virus
4. Vaccine against human papilloma virus
5. Future prospect of HPV vaccine
6. Vaccines against parvovirus B19
7. Vaccines against pox virus
Chapter 13. Development of a bioprocess for rotavirus vaccine
1. Introduction
2. Vaccines for rotavirus
3. Candidates based on live-attenuated vaccine
4. General manufacturing of a live-attenuated vaccine
5. Recombinant vaccine candidate—P2VP8
6. Vaccine candidate based on inactivated virus—CDC-9
7. Virus-like particle
8. Future perspective
9. Conclusion
Chapter 14. Upstream process development for the production of DNA vaccines using bioreactors
1. Introduction
2. Process efficiency for productivity and specific yield
3. Design and development of the upstream process
4. Key constituents of culture media
5. Optimization of culture media for the upstream process
6. Modes of upstream process
7. Upstream process scale-up
8. Regulatory and quality aspects
9. Present and future perspectives
Chapter 15. Production of rabies vaccine in the large-scale bioreactor
1. Introduction
2. Discovery of rabies vaccine
3. Current status of rabies disease
4. Types of rabies vaccine
5. Bioreactor for rabies vaccine
6. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Bioreactor for hepatitis C virus vaccine
1. Introduction
2. Role of bioreactors in viral vaccine production
3. Conclusions
Chapter 17. Titration and dose calculation of vaccine stock
1. Introduction
2. Titration of vaccine stock
3. Methodology of general titration techniques
4. Dose calculation of vaccine stock
5. Conclusion
Chapter 18. Bioprocess strategies for the efficient production of DNA vaccines
1. Introduction
2. Cultivation strategies for enhanced production of pDNA vaccines
3. Downstream processing steps for purification of supercoiled pDNA
4. Conclusion
Chapter 19. Role of virology in developing a bioreactor for newer vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Understanding viral infection dynamics
3. Developing novel bioreactor technologies
4. Monitoring and quality control
5. Quality control in a bioreactor system
6. Emerging technologies and future perspectives
7. Future perspectives
Chapter 20. Role of synthetic biology to build a sustainable vaccine industry
1. Introduction: Synthetic biology for vaccine production
2. Vaccines, manufacturing practices, and scope for synthetic vaccine development
3. Synthetic vaccine design—Biofoundary
4. Design and construction of efficient cell factories for vaccine production
5. Design and production strategies utilized with examples
6. Industrially engineered vaccines examples
7. Industrial sustainability
8. Challenges and limitations
9. Summary
Chapter 21. Newer approaches for viral vaccine development
1. Introduction
2. How are vaccines developed?
3. DNA vaccine
4. RNA vaccine
5. Protein vaccine
6. Reverse genetics
7. Reverse vaccinology
8. Malaria
9. Tuberculosis
10. Syphilis
11. Hepatitis C virus
12. Conclusions
Chapter 22. Online monitoring tools for vaccine production in bioreactors
1. Introduction
2. Challenges in online monitoring tools in vaccine production
3. Basic elements of monitoring tools
4. Current scenario of monitoring tools in vaccine production
5. Intelligent online control systems
6. Summary
7. Future prospects
Chapter 23. Design and development of vaccines through computational approaches
1. Introduction to viral vaccines
2. Vaccine production: General methodology
3. Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 24. Current advances in separation technologies for vaccine production
1. Introduction
2. Filtration technologies
3. Regulatory filing requirements for filtration technologies
4. Case studies for TFF and NFF application in clarification
5. Conclusions
Index

Surajbhan Sevda

Dr. Surajbhan Sevda, completed Doctoral Degree in 2013 from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India. Prior to this, he was a technical officer (research scientist) at IIT Guwahati, India. He has published more than 28 articles in scientific journals and book chapters. He received his Bachelor of Engineering in Biotechnology and Master of Technology in fermentation technology from University of Rajasthan and Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly known as UDCT), University of Mumbai, India, in 2006 and 2008, respectively. He was a visiting scientist at University of Calgary, Canada in 2018. His research experience lies in the bioreactor design, modelling of microbial growth, biofuels, and bioenergy, life cycle analysis (LCA), metal recovery, biosensor development, green chemistry, microbial electrosynthesis, enzyme and antibiotic production.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor at the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India

Sachin Kumar

Dr. Sachin Kumar is currently working as Associate Professor at the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. He obtained his Ph.D. in molecular virology from University of Maryland in 2010. His research area is viral Immunology, in broad sense, is the study of viral infections in context of immune responses to such infections which can cause deleterious effect on the functions of the cells. Viruses are highly adaptable and have developed ways to avoid detection by specific immune cells. Immune response to a virus follows a cascade of steps and different routes: via specific targeting cytotoxic immune cells, or chemicals such as interferon, or via antibody binding and subsequent complement system activation. Our current understanding of host immune responses to viruses has progressed in recent years, and 'Viral Immunology' as an area has established itself as a sub-discipline of 'Immunology' tackling the immunological context in viral infections.

Affiliations and expertise

MVSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India

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