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Biophotonics, Tryptophan and Disease
1st Edition - October 9, 2021
Editors: Laura A. Sordillo, Peter P. Sordillo
Paperback ISBN:9780128227909
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 9 0 - 9
eBook ISBN:9780128227916
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 9 1 - 6
Biophotonics, Tryptophan and Disease is a comprehensive resource on the key role of tryptophan in wide range of diseases as seen by using optics techniques. It explores the use of… Read more
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Biophotonics, Tryptophan and Disease is a comprehensive resource on the key role of tryptophan in wide range of diseases as seen by using optics techniques. It explores the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman, imaging techniques and time-resolved spectroscopy in normal and diseased tissues and shows the reader how light techniques (i.e. spectroscopy and imaging) can be used to detect, distinguish and evaluate diseases. Diseases covered include cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other age-related diseases.
Biophotonics, Tryptophan and Disease offers a clear presentation of techniques and integrates material from different disciplines into one resource. It is a valuable reference for students and interdisciplinary researchers working on the interface between biochemistry and molecular biology, translational medicine, and biophotonics.
Shows the key role of tryptophan in diseases
Emphasizes how optical techniques can be potent means of assessing many diseases
Points to new ways of understanding autism, aging, depression, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
Graduate students and postdocs as well as researchers in molecular biology, biochemistry, biophysics and chemistry working on multidisciplinary research projects. Clinical researchers and pharmaceutical scientists
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Biophotonics to investigate tryptophan and its metabolites
Chapter 1: The physics of key biophotonic techniques
Abstract
Introduction
Tryptophan fluorescence
The design of photonic devices used in the evaluation of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence
Raman spectroscopy of tryptophan
References
Chapter 2: Tryptophan analysis using multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging
Abstract
Introduction
Multiphoton microscopy
Lifetime fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy
Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, one photon (1P), and two photon excitation of tryptophan
Three photon (3P) excitation of tryptophan
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Deep-ultraviolet microscopy for tryptophan label-free imaging in cells and tissue
Abstract
Introduction
Absorption
Intrinsic fluorescence
Resonance Raman scattering
Photothermal effect
Multiphoton excitation
Instrumentation
Discussion and conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Tryptophan as a biomarker using terahertz spectroscopy
Abstract
Introduction
High frequency modes: Terahertz spectroscopy at the upper range
Low frequency modes: Terahertz spectroscopy at the lower range
Overview of water: The environment of proteins
THz and tryptophan
References
Part II: Tryptophan in diseases
Chapter 5: The role of tryptophan in Chagas disease and other trypanosomatid infections
Abstract
Introduction
Tryptophan metabolism during the T. cruzi cycle in the insect vector and during human infection
The influence of tryptophan on other trypanosomatids
Genetic analysis of the enzymes tyrosine aminotransferase and aromatic L-2 hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (TcAHADH)
Role for photonics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Tryptophan fluorescence for early evaluation of cataracts
Abstract
Introduction
The eye lens
Tryptophan spectroscopy
Fluorescence measurements in the eye lens
Identification of the chemical nature of non-Trp emission
Spectral characterization of fluorescent PTMs
Quantification of fluorescent PTMs
Fluorescence confocal microscopy of post-mortem donor eye lenses
Significance of PTMs in crystallins
Cataracts therapy
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Tryptophan, after inflammatory cytokine stimulation, determines plaque vulnerability and risk of myocardial infarction
Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation
Kynurenines and cardiac disease
Plaque atherogenesis and vulnerability
References
Chapter 8: Tryptophan and metabolites (serotonin and kynurenines) in posttraumatic stress disorder
Abstract
PTSD: Definition and diagnostic criteria
Biology of PTSD
Metabolic pathways of tryptophan
Tryptophan derivatives and PTSD
Pharmacologic treatments
Non-pharmacologic interventions
References
Chapter 9: Effects of tryptophan metabolism on the brain: From early development to Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Fluorescence-based techniques to detect tryptophan
Lifetime fluorescence techniques to analyze tryptophan
Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 10: Excess activity of 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid, and other toxic tryptophan metabolites in neurogenerative diseases and other protein misfolding diseases
Abstract
Introduction
Parkinson's disease and abnormal protein aggregates
Protein aggregates cause cell death by puncturing lipid membranes
Protein aggregation in Alzheimer's (ALZ)
Tryptophan metabolism and the kynurenine pathway
Increased KYN pathway activity in neurodegenerative diseases
Kynurenines and quinolinic acid in other proteopathies
Optical techniques to measure TRY
Summary
References
Chapter 11: Tryptophan and kynurenine levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Abstract
Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome-inflammation
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, tryptophan, and kynurenine pathway
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze tryptophan and kynurenine
Results of our previous study
Concluding remarks and future perspective
References
Part III: Current applications: Biophotonics to study the role of tryptophan in diseases
Chapter 12: Fluorescence-based techniques using plasma: A unique biomarker for different cancers
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Experimental details
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Synchronous luminescence spectroscopy of tryptophan in head and neck cancer
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
The ratio technique for tissue characterization
Principle of the SLS technique
SLS of tryptophan in oral cancer
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Tryptophan fluorescence for diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal cancers
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Tryptophan in normal and cancerous tissues
Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy
Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) of tryptophan
Tryptophan fluorescence in saliva and gastric juice for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers
Tryptophan fluorescence in tissues for diagnosis of oral and esophageal cancers
Tryptophan fluorescence in tissues for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers
Statistical evaluation of the fluorescence from normal and cancerous colorectal tissue
Tryptophan fluorescence for staging of gastrointestinal cancer
Conclusions
References
Part IV: The future: New directions in Biophotonics and the study of tryptophan and disease
Chapter 15: Tryptophan fluorescence and machine learning to study the aggressiveness of prostate cancer cell lines: A pilot study
Abstract
Introduction
NFL from fibroblast, DU-145, and PC-3 cell lines
NFL from LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 cell lines
Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis to analyze the NFL spectra of fibroblast, DU-145, and PC-3 cell lines
Nonnegative matrix factorization to analyze NFL spectra of LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 cell lines
Support vector machines to classify the NFL spectra from LNCaP, DU-145, PC-3 cell lines
Conclusions
References
Chapter 16: The principles of machine learning algorithms: Applications to biophotonics and disease
Abstract
Introduction
Popular machine learning algorithms
Machine learning and optical spectroscopy for the assessment of disease
Future directions and limitations of machine learning algorithms in biophotonics
Conclusion
Appendix A. Math background and notation
References
Index
No. of pages: 220
Language: English
Published: October 9, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780128227909
eBook ISBN: 9780128227916
LS
Laura A. Sordillo
Laura A. Sordillo, MS, MPhil, PhD, is a research assistant professor at The Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers in the physics and electrical engineering departments at The City College of the City University of New York, USA. Her interdisciplinary research involves the development of novel short wavelength infrared techniques for deep tissue imaging of the brain, the application of optical spectroscopy for the assessment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, as well as of cancer, and the study of ultrafast optical processes in photosynthetic systems. She is the recipient of the Kaylie Entrepreneur Award, the MSKCC-CCNY Graduate Research Award, the 2016-2017 Grove School of Engineering Graduate Fellowship, the 2017-2018 Corning Inc. PhD Fellowship Award and the 2018-2019 Corning Inc. PhD Fellowship Award. She has published more than 60 papers and holds 13 patents.
Affiliations and expertise
Researcher, Optics/Photonics, Physics and Electrical Engineering Department, The City College of New York, NY, USA
PS
Peter P. Sordillo
Peter P. Sordillo, M.D., PhD is a physician and cancer researcher whose specialty is the treatment of extremely rare cancers. In addition to his M.D., he holds three graduate degrees in philosophy (causality) (Columbia University), and a graduate degree in physics (NYU). He is Vice-President and Chief Scientific Officer at SignPath Pharma Inc., a biotechnology company; Attending Physician in Medical Oncology, Hematology and Internal Medicine at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City; and research consultant at The Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Physics Department, The City College of the City University of New York, USA. He has published more than 190 papers and holds 15 patents.
Affiliations and expertise
Vice-President and Chief Scientific Officer, SignPath Pharma Inc; Attending Physician in Medical Oncology, Hematology and Internal Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, NY, USA