Biomedical Engineering of Pancreatic, Pulmonary, and Renal Systems, and Applications to Medicine

1st Edition - May 15, 2023
Author: Dhanjoo N. Ghista
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 8 8 4 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 8 8 5 - 1

Biomedical Engineering Modeling of Pancreatic, Respiratory, and Renal Regulatory Systems, and their Medical Assessments addresses the need for biomedical engineering to provid… Read more

Biomedical Engineering of Pancreatic, Pulmonary, and Renal Systems, and Applications to Medicine

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Biomedical Engineering Modeling of Pancreatic, Respiratory, and Renal Regulatory Systems, and their Medical Assessments addresses the need for biomedical engineering to provide physiological analysis of organ systems and their medical applications to help enable quantitative formulation of physiological systems and defining their functions and dysfunctions, leading to precision diagnostics of diabetes, lung diseases, and kidney failure, often in the form of non-dimensional indices. The book chapters also deal with treatment systems, namely automated insulin infusion systems, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. The book is formulated to solve many physiological, bioengineering, and medical problems.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Author
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Section I Pancreatic and Glucose-Insulin Regulatory System Engineering and Medical Assessment
Chapter 1 Pancreatic Regulatory Physiology and Medical Assessment
Chapter Outline
Abstract
1.1 Pancreatic regulatory physiology
1.2 Medical assessment of pancreatic function
1.3 Oral glucose tolerance test mathematical modeling to detect diabetic subjects
References
Chapter 2 Glucose-Insulin Regulatory Kinetics
Chapter Outline
Abstract
2.1 Background and motivation for this project
2.2 Literature review
2.3 Our work: the oral glucose tolerance testing protocol: adopted for classification of subjects to be normal or diabetic
2.4 Our work on systems engineering analysis of OGTT blood glucose and insulin response
2.5 Clinical applications of the model
2.6 Combined nondimensional physiological index (DNDI) representing both glucose and insulin model responses
2.7 Conclusion
Appendix A: Solution of Equation (2.20), as given by Equations (2.21), (2.22) and (2.23)
Appendix B: Solution of Equation (2.24), as given by Equation (2.25)
Appendix C: Solution of Equation (2.26), as given by Equation (2.27)
Appendix D: Solution of Equation (2.28), as given by Equation (2.29)
Appendix E: Results of our works on classifications of subjects versus diagnosis by clinicians
References
Chapter 3 Automated Insulin Infusion Regulatory System
Chapter Outline
Abstract
3.1 Motivation behind the project
3.2 Functions of the pancreas
3.3 Literature review (glucose measurement)
3.4 Overview of current diabetes treatment and monitoring methods
3.5 Noninvasive insulin delivery system
3.6 Our work on the Automated Artificial Pancreas system
3.7 Control system for Insulin Infusion
3.8 Our work on Controller Type Selection
3.9 Derivation of Insulin Response in the Blood Pool
3.10 Simulated results of the Insulin Infusion System and its Blood Glucose Response
3.11 Conclusion
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
Chapter 4 Using Diabetes Technology to Maximize Diabetes Management
Chapter Outline
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Continuous glucose monitoring systems
4.3 Smart insulin pens
4.4 What is a smart insulin pen?
4.5 Insulin pumps
4.6 Diabetes digital data management and support
4.7 Clinical case: a patient using diabetes technology to maximize diabetes management
4.8 Discussion: the take-home messages
4.9 Conclusion: the overall impression
References
Section II Respiratory and Pulmonary System Engineering and Medical Assessment
Chapter 5 Physiologic and Medical Assessments of Respiratory Mechanics and Ventilation
Chapter Outline
Abstract
Nomenclature
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Inverse modeling of respiratory mechanics
5.3 Forward modeling of respiratory mechanics
5.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Lung Ventilation Modeling and Medical Assessment
Chapter Outline
Abstract
6.1 Motivation behind the project
6.2 Pulmonary system
6.3 Literature review
6.4 Work of breathing
6.5 Model of diseased lung
6.6 Ventilation distribution model with nonlinear components
6.7 Our lung ventilation model
6.8 Ventilatory index
6.9 Variations in R and C during a respiratory cycle (towards nonlinear formats of C and R)
6.10 Work of breathing (WOB)
6.11 For noninvasive assessment of lung status, and determination of lung compliance and resistance-to-airflow
6.12 Two-compartmental first-order ventilatory model
6.13 Conclusion
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
Chapter 7 Respiratory Control Mechanism-Modeling
Chapter Outline
Abstract
7.1 Objectives
7.2 Introduction
7.3 Principal components of the respiratory process control system
7.4 Respiratory process control model: important variables employed
7.5 MATLAB-Simulink model
7.6 Case study: coronavirus effects in respiratory system
7.7 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Lung Alveoli and Pulmonary Capillary Gas Transfer Analysis
Chapter Outline
Abstract
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Respiratory system
8.3 Lung air composition analysis (and O2 consumption and CO2 production rates)
8.4 Lung gas-exchange model and parametric analysis
8.5 Sequential procedure to compute the diffusion coefficients DO2 and DCO2
8.6 Case studies to demonstrate evaluation of the diffusion coefficients
8.7 Nondimensional gas-transfer index (NDGTI)
8.8 Conclusion
References
Section III Renal System Engineering and Medical Assessment
Chapter 9 Renal Physiology Theory and Functional Assessment
Chapter Outline
Learning objectives
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Functions of the kidney
9.3 Physiological anatomy of the kidneys
9.4 Mechanism of urine formation
9.5 Electrolyte balance
9.6 Acid base balance
9.7 Role of the kidneys in formation of EPO
9.8 Blood pressure regulation
9.9 Endocrine regulation of kidney function
9.10 Kidney function tests
9.11 Chronic kidney disease overview
9.12 Acute kidney injury (AKI) overview
Bibliography
Chapter 10 Determining Kidney Obstructions by Renogram Data Modeling
Chapter Outline
Abstract
10.1 Radionuclide renal scan for split renal function
10.2 Evaluation of renal function by radionuclide methods
10.3 Diagnostic methods
10.4 Clinical applications
10.5 Renography
10.6 Scintigraphic procedure
10.7 Processing and analysis of the study
10.8 Literature review on measurement of glomerular filtration rates
10.9 Renography modeling
References
Chapter 11 Artificial Kidney Function and Dialysis Physiology: Mechanisms and Analysis of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Chapter Outline
Abstract
Learning Objectives
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Artificial kidney function, by dialysis machine and dialyser filter
11.3 Hemodialysis
11.4 Example of an appropriate dialysis prescription for a chronic maintenance dialysis patient
11.5 Peritoneal dialysis
Bibliography
Chapter 12 Renal Physiology Modeling, Part 1: Acid Base Balance, Part 2: Body Fluid Balance
Chapter Outline
Abstract
12.1 Objectives
12.2 Introduction
12.3 Regulatory biological/physiological control system
12.4 Kidney, the actuator
12.5 Renal physiology modeling part 1: acid–base balance
12.6 Renal physiology modeling part 2: body fluid balance
12.7 Summary of the chapter
References
Index

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Biomedical Engineering of Pancreatic, Pulmonary, and Renal Systems, and Applications to Medicine

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Dhanjoo N. Ghista