Biomass Conversion through Nanomaterials

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science (GSPCEES)

1st Edition - February 26, 2025
Imprint: Elsevier
Editors: Inamuddin, Tariq Altalhi, Jibran Iqbal
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 4 7 4 8 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 4 7 4 9 - 1

Biomass Conversion Through Nanomaterials presents the catalytic processing of biomass to produce fuels as well as chemicals. The book employs diverse monomers including glucos… Read more

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Biomass Conversion Through Nanomaterials presents the catalytic processing of biomass to produce fuels as well as chemicals. The book employs diverse monomers including glucose/fructose as well as polymers such as starch/cellulose in various catalytic processes. It shows that nanomaterials with porous structures, with increased surface areas, and acidity strengthen the catalytic roles and also that numerous additional nanomaterial with comparable qualities, such as those based on carbon, resins, metal oxides, zeolites, silica, organic polymers, and many others, enhance the bioconversion processes of biomass. The book also highlights the importance of nanotechnology in the emergence of successful biomass for producing high-quality bioenergy and thoroughly covers varied bioenergy applications using nanomaterials. It highlights the possibility that enabling biomass through nanomaterials improves the effectiveness of various bioenergy sources, such as biofuels and microbial fuel cells. After reading the book, you will gain a better understanding of biomass conversion using nanomaterials, its associated technologies, and its various applications.

Biomass Conversion through Nanomaterials: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1 Plant-biomass-based nanomaterials for sustainable energy
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Overview of plant-based nanomaterials
3 Plant-based nanomaterial synthesis methods
3.1 Green synthesis techniques
3.2 Chemical synthesis methods
4 Characterization of plant-based nanomaterials
4.2 Morphological characterization methods
4.3 Chemical composition analysis
5 Applications of plant-based nanomaterials in DSSCs and biodiesel
5.1 Dye-sensitized solar cells
5.2 Biodiesel production
6 Applications of plant-based nanomaterials in fuel cells and biohydrogen
6.1 Importance of fuel cells and biohydrogen
6.2 Plant-based nanomaterials as catalysts in fuel cells
6.3 Role of catalysts in fuel cell reactions
6.4 Plant-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
6.5 Plant-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction
6.6 Plant-based nanomaterials for fuel cell membranes
6.7 Importance of membranes in fuel cells
6.8 Plant-based nanomaterials for proton exchange membranes
6.9 Plant-based nanomaterials for anion exchange membranes
6.10 Plant-based nanomaterials for biohydrogen production
6.11 Overview of biohydrogen production methods
6.12 Plant-based nanomaterials for enzymatic biohydrogen production
6.13 Plant-based nanomaterials for microbial biohydrogen production
6.14 Plant-based nanomaterials for biohydrogen storage
6.15 Challenges in biohydrogen storage
6.16 Plant-based nanomaterials for hydrogen adsorption
6.17 Plant-based nanomaterials for hydrogen absorption
6.18 Plant-based nanomaterials for biohydrogen purification
6.19 Importance of biohydrogen purification
6.20 Plant-based nanomaterials for carbon dioxide removal
6.21 Plant-based nanomaterials for impurity removal
6.22 Plant-based nanomaterials for biohydrogen fuel cells
6.23 Integration of biohydrogen production and fuel cells
6.24 Plant-based nanomaterials for direct biohydrogen fuel cells
6.25 Plant-based nanomaterials for enzymatic biofuel cells
7 Challenges and future prospects
7.1 Current challenges in plant-based nanomaterial research
7.2 Potential applications and future directions
8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Nanomaterials enable biological and physical conversion of biomass
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Biomass derived from microorganisms
3 Animal-derived nanomaterial
3.1 Crab
3.2 Shelled shrimp
3.3 Free-shelled fish
4 Biomass physical conversion
4.1 Exploitation of biomass
4.2 Biomass liquefaction
4.3 Creation of biodiesel
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Possibilities and forecast for nanomaterials in the future biorefineries
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Biorefineries
3 Classification of biorefinery systems: Navigating the evolution of sustainable technologies
3.1 First-generation biorefineries: Pioneering the path with edible biomass
3.2 Second-generation biorefineries: Expanding horizons to nonedible biomass
3.3 Third-generation biorefineries: Unleashing innovation with advanced concepts
4 Nanomaterials
4.1 Importance of nanomaterials in biorefinery: Enhancing efficiency and sustainability
5 Chemical components of biomass
5.1 Nanomaterials and their dynamic evolution in biorefinery applications
6 Nanomaterials in future biorefineries
6.1 Nanomaterials for and their development in biodiesel production
7 Nanotechnology-based biohydrogen and bioethanol biorefineries
7.1 Biohydrogen production
7.2 Bioethanol production
8 Nanomaterial-based biorefineries: Economic and environmental aspects
9 Prospects for future research
10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with nanomaterials
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Composition of LCB
1.2 General information on the pretreatment of LCB
1.3 Magnetic properties of nanomaterials
1.4 New strategies based on nanomaterials on biofuel productivity
1.5 Role of different nanomaterials in the selective conversion of biomass
1.6 Applications of nanomaterials in the pretreatment of LCB
References
Chapter 5 Nanocatalytic methodologies for biomass conversion to gaseous/liquid fuels
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Biofuel generations
2.1 Conversion methods
3 Gaseous and liquid biofuel production
4 Nanotechnology on biofuel production
5 Nanocatalytic systems biofuels: Current applications and future perspective
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Outlines of nanomaterials in the fermentation of bioethanol and biobutanol
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Variables affecting the utilization of nanomaterials in biofuel production
2 Nanomaterials in the fermentation of bioethanol and biobutanol
3 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 7 Nanolignin from lignocellulosic biomass in heterogeneous catalytic reactions: Toward sustainable processes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials from lignin
2.1 Surface effects
2.2 Quantum confinement effects
2.3 Surface charge and stability
2.4 Chemical structure
2.5 Catalytic reactivity
2.6 Optical properties
2.7 Magnetic properties
2.8 Electrical properties
2.9 Solvent shifting (ouzo process/nanoprecipitation)
2.10 pH shifting
2.11 Cross-linking/polymerization
3 Nanolignin as active phase carrier in catalyst
4 Challenges in the conversion of lignin in heterogeneous catalyst
5 Sustainability in the conversion of lignin in heterogeneous catalyst
6 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 8 Nanomaterials in the pretreatment of biomass
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Types of nanomaterials for pretreatment
2.1 Enzymatic nanobiocatalysts
2.2 Carbon nanomaterials
2.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles
2.4 Magnetic nanoparticles
3 Pretreatment mechanisms with nanomaterials
3.1 Physical disruption
3.2 Nanoparticle: Enzyme-mediated hydrolysis
3.3 Chemical modifications
3.4 Combined approaches
4 Applications of nanomaterials in biomass pretreatment
4.1 Biofuel production
4.2 Wastewater treatment
4.3 Food industry
4.4 Pharmaceutical industry
5 Challenges and future perspectives
5.1 Scalability and cost-effectiveness
5.2 Environmental impact and potential toxicity
5.3 Future research directions
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Nanomaterials for catalytic conversion of biomass
Abstract
Graphical abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials
3 Nanocatalysis
4 Biomass conversion
4.1 Biomass as an energy source
4.2 Main biomass conversion routes
5 Biomass products from nanomaterials catalysts
5.1 Nanocatalytsts for biomass to biofuel conversion
6 Recent studies
6.1 Synthesis method
6.2 Temperature, pH and pressure
6.3 Particle size and quantity
6.4 Nanosensors
6.5 Use of nanoengineered microorganisms
6.6 Application of nanomaterials in downstream processing
6.7 Challenges and future perspectives
7 Conclusions
8 Key terms
9 Highlights
References
Chapter 10 Effects of nanoadditives in compression ignition diesel engines fueled with biodiesel
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Nanoparticles
2.1 Types of nanoparticles
2.2 Nanoparticle synthesis
2.3 Properties of nanoparticles
2.4 Nanoparticles utilizing
3 Effect of nanoparticles on biodiesel properties
3.1 Stability of nanofuels
3.2 Effects of NPs on the evaporation behavior
4 Nanoparticles’ impact on engine performance
4.1 Brake power
4.2 Brake-specific fuel consumption
4.3 Brake thermal efficiency
5 Effect of nanoparticles on engine emission
5.1 Carbon monoxide
5.2 Hydrocarbon emissions
5.3 Emissions of nitrogen oxides
5.4 Particulate matter emissions
5.5 Carbon dioxide emissions
5.6 Smoke emissions
6 Nanoparticles’ impact on engine combustion
6.1 Exhaust gas temperature
6.2 Cylinder pressure
6.3 Heat release rate
6.4 Ignition delay
7 Conclusions and further research
References
Chapter 11 Nanolignin: Strategies, challenges, prospects, and application in photocatalysis
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Overview and processing aspects of lignin
3 Fundamentals and strategies for nanolignin production
4 Challenges and applications of nanolignin
5 Case study: Lignin and quantum dots
5.1 Carbon quantum dots (CQD)
5.2 Methods for synthesizing carbon quantum dots
5.3 CQDs in photocatalysis
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Overview of nanocatalyzed transesterification for the production of biodiesel from microalgae
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Transesterification
2.1 Role of catalyst in transesterification
3 Role of nanocatalysts in transesterification
3.1 Mechanism of nanocatalyst in transesterification
3.2 Enzyme/biocatalyst
3.3 Free lipase
3.4 Traditional immobilized lipase
3.5 Lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles
4 Microalgae
4.1 Stages in microalgal biodiesel synthesis
5 Nanocatalyzed transesterification of microalgal lipid to biodiesel
6 Summary and future directions
References
Chapter 13 Nanomaterials in the pretreatment of biomass
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Classification of biomass
3 Need for biomass pretreatment
4 Property of treatable biomass
5 Evaluation of pretreatment
6 General methods of biomass pretreatment
6.1 Physical pretreatment
6.2 Chemical pretreatment
6.3 Biological pretreatment
6.4 Physiochemical pretreatment
6.5 Combined pretreatment
7 Nanomaterials in the pretreatment of biomass
8 Methods of biomass pretreatment
8.1 Acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (AFMN)
8.2 Nanoscale shear hybrid alkaline (NSHA) method
8.3 Immobilization of enzymes on nanomaterials
9 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 14 Nanomaterials in the fermentation of bioethanol and biobutanol: Strategies to improve process efficiency
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Pathways in bioethanol and biobutanol production
3 Nanoparticles used in bioethanol and biobutanol production
3.1 Type of nanoparticles
3.2 Impact of immobilized nanomaterial enzymes on enhancing bioethanol and biobutanol production
4 Strategies to improve process efficiency
4.1 Pretreatment: Nanobiotechnological approaches for biomass pretreatment
4.2 Nanomaterials in bioethanol/biobutanol fermentation
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Biomass Conversion through Nanomaterials

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science (GSPCEES)

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Inamuddin

Tariq Altalhi

Jibran Iqbal

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